content Channels SYStem examples C-Channel Framing Systems 41x41 Converters & Terms Converters Introduction Locations

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3 content Introduction Introduction Locations General Information Metal Framing Channels Channel Hole Patterns Materials & Finishes Channels Load & Support Channels CCH-220/221 CCH-222 CCH-240/241 CCH-242 CCH-320/321 CCH-322 CCH-340/341 CCH-342 CCH-420/421 CCH-422 CCH-440/441 CCH-442 Toothed Channel Fittings Fittings Accessories Framing System Accessories Channel Nuts Installation & Features Beam Clamp - SBC Cantilevers & Beams Cantilever Arm Bracket - SCA Cantilever Arm Bracket B2B - SCA Support Sysytem SStem examples C-Channel Framing Systems 21x41 C-Channel Framing Systems 41x41 Anchors General Information Expansion Steel Anchor -STM Drop in Anchor - SDA Sleeve Anchor - SAS Through Bolt (Wedge Anchor) - STB Shield Anchor - SHA Converters & Terms Converters Terms

4 UNITECH For Building & Construction Materials UCM- Unitech Cable Management Specialized Factory for Steel Products SIGMA Factory for Steel Products

5 Introduction

6 4 INTRODUCTION Specialized Factory for Steel Products (Jeddah / KSA) Sigma Factory, for Steel Products (Ajman & Umm Al Quwain / UAE) Specialized Factory for Steel Products (6 th of October / Egypt) Specialized Factory for Steel Products (Tanayel / Lebanon) Metal Framing system provides an economical solution for electrical, mechanical and industrial supports with a wide variety of applications in the construction industry. Metal Framing / Electrical Applications Pipe & conduit supports Tunnel pipe stanchions Beam attachments Pipe risers Metal Framing / Industrial Applications Racks and shelvings Production line supports Trolley systems Wall framings This catalogue is designed to be helpful to engineers and contractors in the application and selection of channel products for construction and maintenance. If a unique application requires a special product not included in this catalogue, engineering personnel are ready to furnish design consultation and realistic cost estimates.

7 INTRODUCTION 5 is a leading manufacturer and fabricator of steel and aluminum products used for the support of equipment for industrial, commercial, utility and OEM installations. Our customers have access to the most complete support systems offered in the industry including metal framings, cable trays, pipe hangers, slotted angles, fasteners and others. (Our factory is equipped with an inhouse hot dip galvanization facility). Hot Dip Galvanization Process CNC Machines Roll Forming Machine

8 S N O I T LOCA Finland Finland Norway Sweden Estonia Latvia Denmark UK Lithuania Ireland Belarus Netherlands Belgium Poland German y Astana Stuttgar t Czech Rep Ukraine Slovakia France Austria Switzerland Kazakhstan Maldova Hungary Romania Croatia Serbia Italy Bulgaria Albania Portugal Spain Georgia Istanbul Uzbekistan Baku Azerbaija n Greece Armenia Turkey Malta Cyprus SRIA Beirut LEBANON ALGERIA Afghanistan Tehran IRAN JORDAN Skakah Aqaba Cairo LIBA Kabol Erbil IRAQ Amman Gurayyat Banghazi Tripoli Hail Qassim EGPT Ma dinah SUDAN Niger Chad Mak kah Al Taif Baha UAE SAUDI ARABIA Najran Eritre a UAQ Sharjah Dubai Ajman Jebel Ali Muscat India Salalah EN EM Sanaa Burkina Faso Guinea Doha Khamis Mushayt Gizan Khartoum Manama Hufuf Al Kharj Jeddah Mali Nepa BAHRAIN Dammam Riyadh QATAR anbu Mauritania Pakistan KUWAIT Hafr Al Batin Jubail Tabuk 6th of October AN MOROCCO OM Algeria Casablank a Senegal Tajikistan Ashgabat TUNISIA Oran Tanger Kyrgyzstan Turkmenistan Adan Djipouti Cote d lvoire Ghana Benin Nigeria Abuja Ethiopia Central African Republic Cameroon Somalia Muqdisho Equatorial Guinea Bata Libreville Gabon Uganda Congo Kenya DR Congo United Republic of Tanzania Luanda Angola ambia Malawi Mozambique imbabw e Namibia Windhoek Botswana Gaborone FACTORIES / KSA UNITECH Specialized Factory for Steel Products - 3rd Industrial City / Jeddah Tel : Fax: sfsp.jeddah@ikkgroup.com Specialized Factory for Steel Products Khumra / Jeddah Tel : Fax: sfsp.jeddah@ikkgroup.com / UAE SIGMA Factory for Steel Products - Ajman Tel : Fax: sfsp.ajman@ikkgroup.com Managing Office Main Branch / EGPT Branch Factory Design Office Purchasing & Supply Up-Coming Branch Up-Coming Factory EXISTING UPCOMING Specialized Factory for Steel Products - 6th of October, Cairo Tel : Fax: sfsp.cairo@ikkgroup.com SIGMA Factory for Steel Products - Umm Al Quwain Tel : Fax: sfsp.uaq@ikkgroup.com / LEBANON Specialized Factory for Steel Products Tanayel,behind Hariri Health Center Tel : sfsp.lebanon@ikkgroup.com Sri Lan

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10 General Information

11 general INFORMATION 9 Channel s metal framing channel is cold formed on modern rolling machines from low carbon steel manufactured according to BS 6946:1988. A continuous slot provides the ability to make attachments at any point. Lengths Standard length: 3000mm with ± 3.2mm length tolerance. Custom lengths are available upon request. Finishes Standard Finishes: Pre-Galvanized finish (ASTM A653M coating G90 and G60). Hot Dip Galvanized after fabrication (ASTM A123 or BS EN ISO1461:2009). Other custom coatings are available upon request. METAL FRAMING CHANNELS Selection Chart Part No Channel Dimensions Thickness Height H Width W 7.0 CCH - 220/ mm 41.0 mm 1.5 mm CCH - 240/ mm 41.0 mm 1.5 mm 41.0 CCH - 320/ mm 41.0 mm 2.0 mm 41.0 CCH - 340/ mm 41.0 mm 2.0 mm CCH - 420/ mm 41.0 mm 2.5 mm CCH - 440/ mm 41.0 mm 2.5 mm For Toothed Channel add T after the Part no. ex: CCH-220T 42.0 CCH T Material Thickness 2 for 1.5 mm 3 for 2.0 mm 4 for 2.5 mm Size 2-21/41 mm 4-41/41 mm Channel Patterns 0 - PT 1 - ST 2 - B2B Toothed channel CHANNEL HOLE PATTERNS PT Plain Type ST Slotted Type B2B Type Toothed channel type PT Type Channel ST Type Channel B2B Type Channel Part No Thick. Height H Part No Thick. Height H Part No Thick. Height H mm. mm. mm. CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH CCH For Toothed Channel add T after the Part no. ex: CCH-220T

12 10 general INFORMATION Materials Mild Steel - Plain A. Hot Rolled Steel Plates, Sheets and Coils S235 JR, S355 JR, As per: EN / DIN / BS 4360 / ASTM A 1011/ ASTM A a JIS 3101 / JIS 3106 / GB 700 / GB / T1591. ASTM A 907 / ASTM A 1018M. ASTM A 570M / ASTM A 572M. B. Cold Rolled Steel DC 01, As per: EN / DIN 1623, Part 2 / BS 1449:1 / ASTM A366 / ASTM A 1008 / JIS G 3141 / GB 699. EN / ASTM A 568M Mild Steel - Galvanized C. Continuously Pre- Galvanized Hot Dip inc Coated Steel DX 51D +, As per: EN / DIN / BS 2989/ ASTM A 527M / ASTM A 653M / JIS G EN / EN / EN / ASTM A 526, 527, 528 D. Electro Galvanized Steel (Electrolytic Coating) DC01 + E, As per: EN / DIN / ASTM A591 / JIS G 3313 / JIS G 3141/BS 1449:1 EN Aluink Steel E.Aluink Steel DX 51D + A, As per: EN / EN 10143/ DIN / ASTM A 792 Stainless Steel F.Austenitic Stainless Steels AISI 304 & 316, As per: ASTM A 240 /EN / DIN / BS 1449:2 / ASTM A480 / ASTM A666 / ISO 3506 / EN /JIS G 4304 F.1 Stainless Steel Fasteners EN 3506 F.2 Stainless Steel Wire BS 1554,ASTM A276 Aluminium G.Aluminium 5052 & Hot DIP Galvanization After Fabrication, As per: ASTM A 123 / ASTM A 153 / ISO BS 729 / DIN Finishes 2- inc Electroplating After Fabrication, As per: ASTM B633 / EN 2081 / EN / ISO 4042/ BS 1706 / BS / BS 3382 / DIN Powder Coating Epoxy / Polyester / Epoxy & Polyester BS 3900 / ISO 2409 / ISO 1519 / ISO 1520

13 general INFORMATION 11 Technical data Load and Support Condition Load Factor Deflection Factor q Simple Beam - Uniform Load q span Beam Fixed at Both Ends - Uniform Load Cantilever Beam - Uniform Load Continuous Beam - Two Equal Spans - Uniform Load on One Span span span Continuous Beam - Two Equal Spans - Concentrated Load on Both Spans Example Problem Item Solution Calculate the maximum allowable load and corresponding deflection of a cantilever CCH beam with a uniformly distributed load q From beam load chart for CCH, maximum allowable load is q and the corresponding deflection is u. Multiplying by the appropriate factors shown in the chart above. LOAD = q x load factor DEFLECTION = u x deflection factor Load and Support Condition Load Factor Deflection Factor Simple Beam - Concentrated Load at Center F Simple Beam -Two Equal Concentrated Loads at 1/4 Points 2 x F F F Beam Fixed at Both Ends - Concentrated Load at Center Cantilever Beam - Uniform Load Continuous Beam - Two Equal Spans -Concentrated Load at Center of One Span Continuous Beam - Two Equal Spans -Concentrated Load at Center of Both Spans 2 x Example Problem Item Solution Calculate the maximum allowable load and corresponding deflection of a simply supported CCH beam with a concentrated load at midspan as shown span From beam load chart for CCH, maximum allowable load is F and the corresponding deflection is u. Multiplying by the appropriate factors shown in the chart above. LOAD = F x load factor DEFLECTION = u x deflection factor

14 Channels

15 CCH-220/221 channels 13 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Thickness : 1.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized CCH C-Channel: 41 x 21 x 1.5 Area of Shear (A z ) 0.42 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 0.70 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 3.34 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 0.60 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.01 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.19 knm Self weight (G) 0.97 kg/m Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm 2 CCH-220/221 Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x x 200 x x x x x x 225 x x x x x x 250 x x x x x x 275 x x x x x x 300 x x x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

16 14 channels CCH-220/221 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-220/221 Allowable Loads q KN/m... KN F [KN] F [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load mm q [Span] cm u Uniform Allowable Deflection L /360 L /360 KN/m L /180 L / [Span] cm

17 CCH-220/221 channels 15 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN KN C-Channel: 41 x 21 x 1.5 Cross Section Area (A) 0.23 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 0.70 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 3.34 cm 4 Self weight (G) 0.97 kg/m Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x x 275 x x 300 x x Case: A B C D Length [Length]cm Case A Case B Case C Case D Allowable Central Load** Column Load Data CCH-220/221 ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

18 16 channels CCH-222 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-222 C-Channel: 41x 21x1.5 b2b Area of Shear (A z ) 0.54 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 3.55 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 6.69 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 1.69 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.03 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.50 knm Self weight (G) 1.94 kg/m Thickness : 1.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. CCH-222 Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

19 CCH-222 channels 17 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-222 Allowable Loads q 5.00 KN/m... KN F [KN] F [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load mm q u [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection KN/m L /360 L /180 L /360 L / [Span] cm

20 18 channels CCH-222 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN C-Channel: 41 x 21 x 1.5 b2b 22.0 Allowable Central Load** Column Load Data CCH-222 KN Cross Section Area (A) 2.47 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 3.55 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 6.69 cm 4 Self weight (G) 1.94 kg/m Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x x Case: A B C D Length [Length]cm Case A Case B Case C Case D ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

21 CCH-240/241 channels 19 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Thickness : 1.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized CCH C-Channel: 41x41x1.5 Area of Shear (A z ) 1.02 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 3.87 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 5.68 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 1.76 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.02 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.52 knm Self weight (G) 1.44 kg/m Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm 2 CCH-240/ Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

22 20 channels CCH-240/241 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-240/241 Allowable Loads KN/m mm KN/m... KN F [KN] [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load q [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection u L /360 L /180 q F L /360 L / [Span] cm

23 CCH-240/241 channels 21 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN C-Channel: 41 x 41 x 1.5 Cross Section Area (A) 1.83 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 3.87 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 5.68 cm 4 Self weight (G) 1.44 kg/m CCH-240/241 Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x Case: A B C D Length Column Load Data Case A Case B KN Case C Case D [Length]cm Allowable Central Load** ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

24 22 channels CCH-242 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-242 C-Channel: 41x 41x1.5 b2b Area of Shear (A z ) 1.43 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 5.15 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.04 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 1.53 knm Self weight (G) 2.88 kg/m Thickness : 1.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. CCH Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

25 CCH-242 channels 23 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-242 Allowable Loads q KN/m... KN F [KN] F [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load mm q u [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection KN/m [Span] cm L /360 L /180 L /360 L /180

26 24 channels CCH-242 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Allowable Central Load** Column Load Data CCH-242 KN C-Channel: 41 x 41 x 1.5 b2b Cross Section Area (A) 3.67 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 Self weight (G) 2.88 kg/m Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x Case: A B C D Length Case A Case B Case C Case D [Length]cm ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

27 CCH-320/321 channels 25 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Thickness : 2.0 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized CCH C-Channel: 41 x 21 x 2.0 Area of Shear (A z ) 0.55 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 0.88 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 4.25 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 0.75 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.02 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.24 knm Self weight (G) 1.27 kg/m Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm 2 CCH-320/321 Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x x 225 x x x x x x 250 x x x x x x 275 x x x x x x 300 x x x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

28 26 channels CCH-320/321 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-320/321 Allowable Loads q 2.00 KN/m mm KN/m... KN F [KN] [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load q [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection u L /360 L /180 F L /360 L / [Span] cm

29 CCH-320/321 channels 27 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-240/241 C-Channel: 41 x 21 x 2.0 Cross Section Area (A) 1.62 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 0.88 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 4.25 cm 4 Self weight (G) 1.27 kg/m CCH-320/321 Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x Case: A B C D Length Column Load Data x x 275 x x 300 x x KN Case A Case B Case C Case D [Length]cm Allowable Central Load** ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

30 28 channels CCH-322 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-322 C-Channel: 41x21x2.0 b2b Area of Shear (A z ) 0.71 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 4.60 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 8.51 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 2.19 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.06 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.66 knm Self weight (G) 2.54 kg/m Thickness : 1.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. CCH-322 Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

31 CCH-322 channels 29 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-322 Allowable Loads q 7.00 KN/m... KN F [KN] F [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load mm q u [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection L /360 L /360 KN/m L /180 L /180 [Span] cm

32 30 channels CCH-322 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Allowable Central Load** Column Load Data CCH-322 KN C-Channel: 41 x 21 x 2.0 b2b Cross Section Area (A) 3.67 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 Self weight (G) 2.88 kg/m Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x Case: A B C D Length Case A Case B Case C Case D [Length]cm ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

33 CCH-340/341 channels 31 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Thickness : 2.0 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized CCH C-Channel: 41x41x2.0 Area of Shear (A z ) 1.34 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 4.59 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 6.99 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 2.18 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.03 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.64 knm Self weight (G) 1.83 kg/m Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm 2 CCH-340/341 Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

34 32 channels CCH-340/341 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-340/341 Allowable Loads q 7.00 KN/m mm KN/m... KN F [KN] [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load q [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection u L /360 F L / L /180 L / [Span] cm

35 CCH-340/341 channels 33 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-240/241 C-Channel: 41 x 41 x 2.0 Cross Section Area (A) 2.33 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 4.59 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 6.99 cm 4 Self weight (G) 1.83 kg/m CCH-340/341 Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x Case: A B C D Length Column Load Data KN Case A Case B Case C Case D [Length]cm Allowable Central Load** ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

36 34 channels CCH-342 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-342 C-Channel: 41x41x2.0 b2b Area of Shear (A z ) 1.88 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 6.62 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.08 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 1.98 knm Self weight (G) 3.76 kg/m Thickness : 2.0 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. CCH Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

37 CCH-342 channels 35 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-342 Allowable Loads q KN/m... KN F [KN] F [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load mm q u [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection L /360 L /360 KN/m L /180 L / [Span] cm

38 36 channels CCH-342 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN C-Channel: 41 x 41 x 2.0 b2b 7.0 Allowable Central Load** Column Load Data CCH-342 KN Cross Section Area (A) 4.79 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 Self weight (G) 3.76 kg/m Span (L) 5.00 Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x Case: A B C D Length Case A Case B Case C Case D [Length]cm ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

39 CCH-420/421 channels 37 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Thickness : 2.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized CCH C-Channel: 41x21x2.5 Area of Shear (A z ) 0.67 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 1.03 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 5.07 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 0.89 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.06 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.29 knm Self weight (G) 1.56 kg/m Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm 2 CCH-420/ Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x x x x 250 x x x x x x 275 x x x x x x 300 x x x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

40 38 channels CCH-420/421 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-420/421 Allowable Loads q 2.50 KN/m mm KN/m... KN F [KN] [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load q [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection u L /360 F L / L /180 L / [Span] cm

41 CCH-420/421 channels 39 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-240/241 C-Channel: 41 x 41 x 2.5 Cross Section Area (A) 1.99 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 1.03 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 5.07 cm 4 Self weight (G) 1.56 kg/m CCH-420/421 Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x x x 250 x x 275 x x 300 x x Case: A B C D Length Column Load Data KN Case A Case B Case C Case D Allowable Central Load** [Length]cm ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

42 40 channels CCH-422 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-422 C-Channel: 41x21x2.5 b2b Area of Shear (A z ) 0.88 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 5.55 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 2.65 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.12 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.82 knm Self weight (G) 3.13 kg/m Thickness : 2.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. CCH-422 Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

43 CCH-422 channels 41 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-422 Allowable Loads q KN/m... KN F [KN] F [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load mm q u [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection KN/m L /360 L /180 [Span] cm L /360 L /180

44 42 channels CCH-422 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN C-Channel: 41 x 21 x 2.5 b2b 22.0 Allowable Central Load** Column Load Data CCH-422 KN Cross Section Area (A) 3.99 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 5.55 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 Self weight (G) 3.13 kg/m Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x x Case: A B C D Length Case A Case B Case C Case D [Length]cm ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

45 CCH-440/441 channels 43 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Thickness : 2.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized CCH C-Channel: 41x41x2.5 Area of Shear (A z ) 1.67 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 5.87 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 8.76 cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 2.72 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.07 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 0.82 knm Self weight (G) 2.32 kg/m Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm 2 CCH-440/441 Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] x x x x Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

46 44 channels CCH-440/441 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-440/441 Allowable Loads q 1 KN/m mm KN/m... KN F [KN] [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load q [Span] cm Uniform Allowable Deflection u L /360 L /180 [Span] cm F L /360 L /180

47 CCH-440/441 channels 45 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-240/241 C-Channel: 41 x 41 x 2.5 Cross Section Area (A) 2.95 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) 5.87 cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) 8.76 cm 4 Self weight (G) 2.32 kg/m CCH-440/441 Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x x x Case: A B C D Length Column Load Data 2 KN Case A Case B Case C Case D Allowable Central Load** [Length]cm ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

48 46 channels CCH-442 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN CCH-442 C-Channel: 41x41x2.5 b2b Area of Shear (A z ) 2.37 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 min. Section Modulus (S y ) 8.31 cm 3 Warping Constant (I w ) cm 6 Torsional Constant (I T ) 0.16 cm 4 Plastic Moment cap. (M pl,y ) 2.51 knm Self weight (G) 4.70 kg/m Thickness : 2.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. CCH Chosen Material: 40 B = S 235 JRG2 Allowable Bending Stress 21,82 kn/cm 2 Allowable Shear Stress 12,60 kn/cm 2 Modulus of Elasticity kn/cm Beam Load Data Uniform Span (L) Allowable Load* Deflection L / 360 L / 180 [cm] q [kn/m] F [kn] U [mm] [L /X] q [kn/m] q [kn/m] Allowable Load F Allowable Uniform Load q Span Span * Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

49 CCH-442 channels 47 BEAM LOADING GRAPH CCH-442 Allowable Loads q KN/m... KN F [KN] F [Span] cm Allowable Uniform Load mm q [Span] cm u Uniform Allowable Deflection L /360 L /360 KN/m L /180 L / [Span] cm

50 48 channels CCH-442 Load table for single beam with uniform (characteristic) Live-Load This data are for perforated C-Channel, same data will be considered for non-perforated C-Channel too According to DIN Allowable Central Load** Column Load Data CCH-442 KN C-Channel: 41 x 41 x 2.5 b2b Cross Section Area (A) 5.99 cm 2 Moment of Inertia (I y ) cm 4 Moment of Inertia (I z ) cm 4 Self weight (G) 4.70 kg/m Span (L) Allowable Central Load** [KN] [cm] Case A Case B Case C Case D x Case: A B C D Length Case A Case B Case C Case D [Length]cm ** Given loads are always allowable characteristic live load

51 channels 49 Toothed channels provide shock-resistant fixing for non-slip connections and higher safety requirements. To make fitting easier, the locking plates and T-head bolts should be pre-mounted on the fittings to be attached. Toothed Channels

52 50 channels Toothed Channel CCH-220T/221T (41x21x1.5) CCH - 220T Due to its positive locking feature, this channel is ideally suited when increased loading capacities in longitudinal direction are required. Thickness : 1.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. Max. tensile / transverse load Bending capacity at span L F 21.0 CCH - 221T X F F Q L [m] 41.0 CCH - 222T Channel CCH Channel Weight Cross Section Moment of inertia Section modulus Bending capacity at span L G A I y I z W y W z 0.50 m 1.00 m 1.50 m [Kg/m] [cm 2 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 3 ] [cm 3 ] F [KN] 220T T T CCH-240T/241T (41x41x1.5) CCH - 240T Due to its positive locking feature, this channel is ideally suited when increased loading capacities in longitudinal direction are required. Thickness : 1.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. Max. tensile / transverse load Bending capacity at span L F 41.0 CCH - 241T X F F Q L [m] 41.0 CCH - 242T Channel CCH Channel Weight Cross Section Moment of inertia Section modulus Bending capacity at span L G A I y I z W y W z 0.50 m 1.00 m 1.50 m [Kg/m] [cm 2 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 3 ] [cm 3 ] F [KN] 240T T T

53 Toothed Channel channels 51 CCH-320T/321T (41x21x2.0) CCH - 320T Due to its positive locking feature, this channel is ideally suited when increased loading capacities in longitudinal direction are required. Thickness : 2.0 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. Max. tensile / transverse load Bending capacity at span L CCH - 321T X F F Q F L [m] CCH - 322T Channel CCH Channel Weight Cross Section Moment of inertia Section modulus Bending capacity at span L G A I y I z W y W z 0.50 m 1.00 m 1.50 m [Kg/m] [cm 2 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 3 ] [cm 3 ] F [KN] 320T T T CCH-340T/341T (41x41x2.0) CCH - 340T Due to its positive locking feature, this channel is ideally suited when increased loading capacities in longitudinal direction are required. Thickness : 2.0 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. Max. tensile / transverse load Bending capacity at span L CCH - 341T X F F Q F L [m] CCH - 342T Channel CCH Channel Weight Cross Section Moment of inertia Section modulus Bending capacity at span L G A I y I z W y W z 0.50 m 1.00 m 1.50 m [Kg/m] [cm 2 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 3 ] [cm 3 ] F [KN] 340T T T

54 52 channels CCH-420T/421T (41x21x2.5) CCH - 220T Due to its positive locking feature, this channel is ideally suited when increased loading capacities in longitudinal direction are required. Toothed Channel Thickness : 2.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. CCH - 221T X Max. tensile / transverse load F F Q Bending capacity at span L F L [m] CCH - 222T Channel CCH Channel Weight Cross Section Moment of inertia Section modulus Bending capacity at span L G A I y I z W y W z 0.50 m 1.00 m 1.50 m [Kg/m] [cm 2 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 3 ] [cm 3 ] F [KN] 420T T T CCH-440T/441T (41x41x2.5) CCH - 440T Due to its positive locking feature, this channel is ideally suited when increased loading capacities in longitudinal direction are required. Thickness : 2.5 mm Standard Length : 3.00 m Finishes : Pre-Galvanized, Hot-Dip Galvanized. Max. tensile / transverse load Bending capacity at span L F 41.0 CCH - 441T X F F Q L [m] 41.0 CCH - 442T Channel CCH Channel Weight Cross Section Moment of inertia Section modulus Bending capacity at span L G A I y I z W y W z 0.50 m 1.00 m 1.50 m [Kg/m] [cm 2 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 4 ] [cm 3 ] [cm 3 ] F [KN] 440T T T

55 Fittings

56 54 Fittings Fittings This part offers a full section of fittings and accessories to complete s metal framing system. Standard Finishes: Hot Dip Galvanized. Fitting Specifications (unless noted) : Hole Size 13.0mm Diameter; Hole Spacing 20.0mm from end and 48.0 mm on center; Width 41.0mm; Thickness, 6.0mm (Order hardware separately). Flat Square Plate Specify Hole Size M6, M8, M10, M Holes Plate 3 Holes Plate 4 Holes Plate SFT 110 SFT 115 SFT 120 SFT Holes Plate L Bracket L Bracket 90 Tee Bracket SFT 130 SFT 135 SFT 140 SFT 145 Flat Bracket 90 Flat Bracket 3 Holes Swing SFT 150 SFT 155 SFT 160 U Bracket U Bracket Top Hat 54 U Bracket Specify 41 or for C41 82 for B2B 41 SFT SFT

57 Fittings 55 Angular Angle Bracket Specify 30 or 45 or 60 S Angle Bracket Specify 30 or 45 or 60 S h SFT 510 SFT 515 h 90 Degree 90 L Bracket 90 L Bracket 90 Long Bracket 90 Bracket SFT 210 SFT 215 SFT 220 SFT Bracket 90 Delta Bracket Large 90 Delta Bracket Small 90 heavy 89 duty bracket SFT SFT SFT mm SFT Standard Finishes : Black,Hot Dip Galvanized. - Fitting Specifications (unless noted) : Hole Size 13.0mm Diameter; Hole Spacing 20.0mm from end and 48.0 mm on center; Width 41.0mm; Thickness, 6.0mm (Order hardware separately). Wings 90 Angle Tee Left Hand 90 Angle Tee 51 Channel Tee Bracket SFT 310 SFT 315 SFT

58 56 Fittings Post Base Base Plate with Single Fix 41 SFT 340 Base Plate with Double Fix SFT Base Plate with Double Channel SFT 350 Base Plate with Double Channel Double Fix SFT 355

59 Accessories

60 58 Accessoires Framing System Accessories Threaded Rods, Hexagon Head Bolts, Hexagon Nuts, Washers Fully Threaded Rods Grade 4.6 DIN 975 Threaded Rod (STR) DIN 975 inc Plated Thread Length Load cap. (KN) M6 2000/ M8 2000/ M / M / M / Order Example : STR - M 12 Round Washers DIN 125 Washers (SRW) DIN 125 S inc Plated for bolt Stainless Steel for bolt D d s M6 M d D M8 M M10 M M12 M M16 M Order Example: SRW - M 12 - DIN 125 Round Washers DIN 440,DIN 9021 Washers (SRW) DIN 440,DIN 9021 Square Washers (SSW) SSW 40/40 for all channels 41/21 Series SSW 41/41 for all channels 41/41 Series d D as a b b d d DIN inc Plated for bolt Stainless Steel for bolt D d 440 M M8 M M10 M M M12 M M16 M Order Example: SRW - M 12 - DIN 9021 Square Washers SSW H.D. Glavanized for Bolt Stainless Steel for Bolt a x b x d M10 M10 40 x 40 x 5 M12 M12 40 x 40 x 5 M16 M16 40 x 40 x 5 M6 M6 40 x 40 x 6 M10 M10 40 x 40 x 6 M12 M12 40 x 40 x 6 Order Example: SSW 41/41 - M 12 s

61 Accessoires 59 Hexagon Nuts DIN 934, DIN EN Hexagon nut (SHN) DIN 934 or ISO 4032 (= DIN EN 24032) inc Plated Thread Stainless Steel Thread S/m DIN S/m ISO e M6 M6 10/5 10/ M8 M8 13/6.5 13/ e M10 M10 17/8 16/ M12 M12 19/10 18/ M16 M16 24/13 24/ m S Order Example : SHN - M 12 Machine HexHead Bolts DIN 933, DIN Hex Head Bolt (SHB) DIN 933 or EN (without nut) S inc Plated Dimension Stainless Steel Dimension M 6 x 12 - M 6 x 25 - M 8 x 25 M 8 x 25 M 8 x 40 - M 10 x 20 - M 10 x 30 M 10 x 30 M 10 x 45 M 10 x 45 M 10 x 60 - M 10 x 70 - M 12 x 22 - M 12 x 25 M 12 x 25 M 12 x 30 M 12 x 30 M 12 x 40 M 12 x 40 M 12 x 50 - M 12 x 60 M 12 x 60 M 12 x 80 M 12 x 80 M 12 x 90 - M 16 x 40 M 16 x 40 M 16 x 60 M 16 x 60 M 16 x 90 M 16 x 90 Order Example : SHB - M 12 S DIN S EN Coupler Sleeves Rounded Coupler Sleeves (SCS) Electroplated Thread Stainless Steel Thread D L Load cap. M6 M6 10/ M8 M8 12/ M10 M10 13/ M12 M12 16/ (KN) M16 M16 21/ M20 M20 26/ Order Example: SCS - M 16 Hexagonal Rod Coupler Hexagonal Rod Coupler with view hole (SHR) Electroplated Thread Stainless Steel Thread S L Load cap. M10 M M12 M (KN) M16 M Order Example: SHR - P - M 12

62 60 Accessoires Channel Nuts Nut without Spring Nut with Short Spring Nut with Long Spring Hammer Head Bolt Material: inc plated steel and stainless steel 304 (A2),316 (A4). Tolerance: Metric thread 6 H acc. DIN t t Washer Ø M t length Short Spring Long Spring Available length: L 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm. Material: inc plated. Thread Size Thickness t Longitudinal Force FL (kn) Pull out Force Fv (kn) Tightening Torque (Nm) M M M M Threaded Size Pull out Force Fv (kn) Longitudinal Force FL (kn) Tightening Torque (Nm) M M M M Fv FL Note: Do not exceed channel capacity

63 Accessoires 61 Installation & Features No Welding, No Drilling, No Special Tools, Strong, Fast, Economical and Adjustable Insert the spring nut anywhere along the continuous slotted channel. The rounded nut ends permit easy insertion. A 90 clockwise turn aligns the grooves in the nut with the inturned edges of the channel. The need for drilling holes is eliminated. Insert the bolt through the fitting and into the springnut. (See illustration 5 for end view showing the nut in place) Hex-head bolt connects fitting to channel as it is threaded into spring nut. Chamfer in the nut eases starting of the bolt. Nut teeth make a strong, vise-like grip when tightened against the inturned channel edges. Channel edges and the nut s tapered grooves act as guides to provide foolproof alignment of connection. Nut teeth grip the channel s inturned edges, tying the channel sides together in a box configuration for added strength. Spring allows precision placement anywhere along channel length, then holds the nut in position while the connection is completed. 4 5 Additional channel sections can now be bolted to the fitting already in place by following procedure described in steps 1 3. Tightening with a wrench locks the serrated teeth of the nut into the inturned edges of the channel, to complete a strong, vise-like connection.

64 62 Accessoires Beam Clamp - SBC SBC Material: Cast Iron,hot dip galvanized casting tolerance according to DIN GTA /17. H - With hexagon head screw DIN , threaded end with cup point according to EN ISO 4753 and E locknut DIN For sprinkler systems, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, acoustic tubes and sanitary installation machines and steel constructions. G C A Type A B C D E F G H Weight (g) Safe working load (KN) D SBC M M SBC M M SBC M M SBC M M SBC M M E H B -Beam Clamps can generally be secured by safety straps. -Beam Clamps shall be secured when using Beam for pipes larger than DN65 to avoid slipping of beam.

65 Cantilevers & Beams

66 64 Cantilevers & Beams Cantilever Arm Brackets - SCA CCH421 41x21x2.5 A F 1 F Length Allowable Load A F 1 * F 2 * F z ** KN Length mm F 1 F Base plate : height (h) x width (b) x thickness (t) In the case of concrete support, use anchor M10. - In the case of C-channel frame, use bolt and spring nut M8. ** Connection force (pull out force) : 3.1 (KN) CCH441 41x41x2.5 A F 1 F 2 KN Length mm F 1 F 2 Length Allowable Load A F 1 * F 2 * F z ** Base plate : height (h) x width (b) x thickness (t) In the case of concrete support, use anchor M16. - In the case of C-channel frame, use bolt and spring M8. ** Connection force (pull out force) : 7.5 (KN) 25 F z F 1 or F 2 h 25 h-50 F D 1/2 A 1/2 A Length A b t F v =F 1 + F 2 * Given Loads are always [KN] Allowable characteristic live load

67 Cantilevers & Beams 65 Cantilever Arm Bracket B2B - SCA CCH422 41x21x2.5 B2B A F 1 F Length Allowable Load A F 1 * F 2 * F z ** KN Length mm F 1 F Base plate : height (h) x width (b) x thickness (t) In the case of concrete support, use anchor M12. - In the case of C-channel frame, use bolt and spring nut M8. ** Connection force (pull out force) : 4.8 (KN) CCH442 41x41x2.5 B2B A F 1 F 2 KN Length mm F 1 F 2 Length Allowable Load A F 1 * F 2 * F z ** Base plate : height (h) x width (b) x thickness (t) In the case of concrete support, use anchor M16. In the case of C-channel frame, use spring nut M10. ** Connection force (pull out force) : 8.3(KN) F 1 or F 2 25 F z h b 25 h-50 t F D 1/2 A 1/2 A Length A F v =F 1 + F 2 * Given Loads are always [KN] Allowable characteristic live load

68 66 Cantilevers & Beams U - Support I - Support x30 13x30 13x Order Example: Length (L) - Thickness (t) for more ordering details, please check pages (61-62) 13x U-Support with welded-on head plate 200 x x 5mm Order Example Item (L) (t) 13x x30 Head Plate x U-Support with welded-on head plate 200 x 100 x 5mm Order Example Item (L) (t) x 100 x 5mm x x30 Order Example: Length (L) - Thickness (t) for more ordering details, please check pages (61-62) 25 13x30 Wall Bracket for U-Support for I-Support 5 mm thickness Order Example: Length (L) - Thickness (t) for more ordering details, please check pages (61-62) Order Example Item (L) (t)

69 Cantilevers & Beams 67 Support connectors Clamping plates Order Example Item (L) (t) Order Example: Length (L) - Thickness (t) for more ordering details, please check pages (61-62) Order Example Item (L) (t) Order Example: Length (L) - Thickness (t) for more ordering details, please check pages (61-62) Support plates Support clamps Clamping angles Angles

70

71 System examples

72 70 SStem Examples C-Channel Framing Systems 21x41 Suitable for pipes with nominal diameters up to 25 mm Base Plate with double fix C-Channel 21 C-Channel 41 L Bracket kg Frame constructions: will be manufactured to your measurements C-Channel C-Channel with L Bracket L Bracket C-Channel nut with spring Base Plate with Double Channel Double Fix Base Plate with double fix B2B Channel Base Plate with Double Channel Double Fix Base Plate with double fix B2B Channel

73 SStem examples 71 C-Channel Framing Systems 41x41 Suitable for pipes with nominal diameters up to 80 mm or 150 mm with short spans or agreed applications L Bracket C-Channel kg Base Plate with double fix C-Channel kg Base Plate with double fix U Bracket kg Angle fittings, fixing plates etc. L Bracket Delta Bracket L Bracket C-Channel C-Channel Base Plate with double fix U Bracket Base Plate with double fix Base Plate with double fix C-Channel

74 72 SStem Examples Support structures for heavy duty kg kg kg kg kg kg kg Support structures for light duty C-Channel L Bracket kg Base Plate with double fix kg kg kg kg kg

75 Anchors

76 74 anchors heavy duty Anchors General Information Direction of Loading The direction of the applied load shall be considered to determine the most appropriate anchor. The tension and shear components shall be less than the recommended load/design resistance in the direction concerned. Tensile Loads Tensile loads are applied along the axis of fixing (see Fig.1). Common examples include suspended ceiling applications and the suspension of mechanical services, pipework, ductwork, etc. Shear Loads Shear loads act at right angles to the axis of fixing and directly against the face of the structural material (see Fig.2). Shear performance is governed mainly by the shear strength of the bolt material and by the comperssive strength of the supporting substrate. Fig.1 Fig.2 Oblique / Combined Loads Oblique loads are a combination of tension and shear components (see Fig.3). If the angle of the applied oblique load is within 10 of pure tension or pure shear, the safe working load for that direction may be assumed. Otherwise, the applied oblique load shall be resolved into its shear and tensile components. Fig.3 Offset Loads Offset loads act at right angles to the fixing axis but are offset from the surface (see Fig.4). In this situation, the deflection of the bolt due to bending needs to be considered as well as the shear capacity of the anchor. Fig.4 Slotted Holes in Fixture When fixing anchors through slotted holes; it is important to ensure that there is an adequate surface contact between the washer and the fixture to guarantee a positive clamping force. If in doubt, a square plate washer with a thickness of 3mm or above would be recommended in place of the standard washer supplied. Diamond Drilled Holes When holes are formed in the structure using a diamond drilling system; extra care is required to ensure the holes are thoroughly cleaned by brushing and blowing for at least three times. Also, to make a key for the anchor (particulary if a bonded anchor is installed) the sides of the hole shall be roughened up by inserting a standard masonry bit into the hole attached to a hammer action drilling machine. A resin with minimal shrinkage shall be selected for diamond drilled holes.

77 anchors 75 STM Expansion Steel Anchor STM/H Features: Expansion Steel Anchor - STM - Suitable for all screws or threaded bolts with metric thread. - Low energy impact, power-saving assembly. - Multiple removing and fixing. - Inside threaded anchor, allows great flexibility. - Can use variable lengths and art of threaded rods or bolts. - Small edge distance and small distance between anchors. - Provide uniform load by tightening the screw or hexagon nut, the cone pulls into the expansion anchor and tightens against the drilled hole. - Suitable for use in concrete and natural stone. Typical Applications: Cable trays, handrails, brackets, staircases, ladders, machines, window panels, base plates, scaffoldings and frameworks. Materials: - zinc plated steel. - stainless steel [ SS 304 (A2), SS 316 (A4) ]. r Bending moment (Nm) Spaner Size agon screw M Washer Tighten torque (Nm) Usable Length Distance between anchor S Thickness of Foundation H eff Drilling depth Length Technical Data: Recommended loads (non-cracked concrete C 20/25). Features Type Tension Load (order No) (KN) Small edge and space distances Torque controlled expansion inc plated > 5µm Through xing Shear Load (KN) Torque Moment (Nm) Applications steel constructions, machines, pro les, under-constructions Setting Data: Edge distance > 1,5 x H eff., distance between anchors > 3 x H eff. Thickness of foundation > 2 x H eff. Size Screw Grade M M M M *for cracked Concrete we shall use 0,5 x this value (approximately) H eff. Edge Distance C Distance Between Anchors S Thickness of Foundation hmin Washer (Ø) Tightening Torque (Nm) Spanner size M x M x Distance to edge M10 Min. thickness 55 Spanner Spanner x C M12 of found size (SAS) 210 size (SAB) x (hmin) mm Installation Parmeters: H eff = Effective anchorage ---depth Bolt Size Length exp.unit Drill (Ø) Drilling depth H eff. Usable Length Screw Ø x Length M M6 x 50 T M8 inst M8 x 60 M M10 x 80 M M12 x 90 DrillØ mm Lengt h Thread Drillingdepth Usablelength Settingdepth mm mm mm min. mm M6 M6 M8

78 76 Bolt anchors Size (kn) M Tension load Shear load (kn) Bending moment (Nm) Heff. Edge Distance C Distance between anchor S M M M M Washer (Ø) 12 x x x x x 3.0 Th fo Installation 1 2 Installation 3 4 T inst Drill a hole and clean it with a brush, remove dust with a blower. 2 Place the plug and the object to fix. Tighten the screw. Fixing completed. Plug & drill Ø Length Usable Length d 50

79 anchors 77 Drop in Anchor - SDA SDA Features: - Provides permanently fixed threaded socket in concrete. - Use in non-cracked concrete or cracked concrete and natural stone. - The anchor will spread and tighten against the drilled hole after inserting with setting tool. - Low setting depth, reduced drilling time. - Enables cost-effective assembly. - Multiple removing and fixing. Typical Applications: - Pipes, ventilation ducts, suspended ceilings, sprinkler systems, brackets, threaded rods, cable trays. Materials: - zinc plated steel. - stainless steel [ SS 304 (A2), SS 316 (A4) ]. Technical Data: Recommended loads (non-cracked concrete C 20/25). Threaded size Tension Load (KN) Shear Load (KN) Torque Moment (Nm) M M M M *for cracked Concrete we shall use 0,5 x this value (approximately) Setting Data: Edge distance > 1.5 x effective anchorage depth, distance between anchors > 3,0 x effective anchorage depth, min. thickness of foundation > 2,5 x H eff. Size H eff. Edge Distance C Distance Between Anchors S Thickness of Foundation hmin Tightening Torque (Nm) Spanner size M M M M E Anchor LengthH eff E= Screw Depth Drilling Depth Drill Ø Installation Parmeters: H eff = Effective anchorage depth. Thread Size Anchor Length Thread Length Drill (Ø) Drilling Depth Effective Anchorage Depth H eff. Min. Screw Depth E Max. Screw Depth E M M M M

80 78 Bolt Size anchors (kn) M M WA-12 Tension M16load 65 Shear load Bending moment Heff. Edge Distance Distance between WA-16 M20 80 (kn) (Nm) C WA-20 anchor S S STEEL R-DCA WEDGE ANCHOR M - STAINLESS STEEL M MAXIMUM M12 ANCHOR MAXIMUM HOLE HOLE HOLE THREAD 9.2 HOLE 12 THREAD LENGTH 46.5 RECOMMENDED THREAD LENGTH LENGTH RECOMMENDED DIAMETER DEPTH PRODUCT M16 DIAMETER 14 SIE DEPTH 23 PRODUCT TORQUE 120 NEW CODE 240 READ SIE (d) ANCHOR LENGTH ( l ) (l G ) (d o) (d) (h o ) TORQUE ( l ) (Nm) (T inst ) (l G ) CODE NEW CODE (d o) (h o ) M M WA-A WA-A4-06 M M WA-A WA-A4-08 Installation M WA-A WA-A Installation M WA-A WA-A M WA-A WA-A4-16 (Nm) (T inst ) CODE Washer (Ø) 12 x x x x x 3.0 T f Manual Setting Tool Mechanical Setting Tool Mechanical Setting Tool THREAD SIE (d) M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 Installation 1. Drill a hole of required diameter and depth. Drill a hole and clean it with a brush, remove dust with a blower. 2 Use the setting tool to drive the internal wedge into the anchor. THREAD SIE (d) M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 Manual Setting Tool Insert the anchor sleeve in the hole. THREAD SIE (d) M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 2. Remove debris and 3. Insert wedge anchor, 4. Use the setting tool to thoroughly clean hole with slotted end brush and pump. 4 Technical Advisory Service Tel: +44 (0) , Fax: +44 (0) GRIP TPE SDS-plus SDS-plus SDS-plus SDS-plus SDS-max SDS-max Tighten to the recommended torque. Alternatively use the mechanical setting tool with an appropriate drilling machine. 4. Use the setting tool to drive the internal wedge into the anchor. Fixing completed. THREAD SIE GRIP TPE (d) M6 SDS-plus M8 SDS-plus M10 SDS-plus M12 Plug SDS-plus & drill Ø Length M16 SDS-max M20 SDS-max Mechanical Setting Tool Alternatively use mechanical setting tool with 10 appropriate drilling machine. L_KATALOG_2007_2008.indb :34: :34: T inst Usable Length d 50

81 anchors 79 SAS Sleeve Anchor - SAS Features: - Suitable for use in concrete, natural stone, brickwork and blockwork- small distance between achors. - Optimum performance in most base material types. - No protruding threads after installation. - Small distance between anchors and from edge. - Controlled expansion. - inc plated > 5µm. - Effective force distribution in the drilled hole. - Sleeve anchor with hexagon screw or with threaded bolt. Typical Applications: Uni-channel,railings, steel constructions, machines, high-racks, cable support systems and mechanical fixations. Materials: - zinc plated steel. - stainless steel [ SS 304 (A2), SS 316 (A4) ]. Technical Data: Recommended loads (non-cracked concrete C 20/25). Bolt Size Tension Load (KN) Shear Load (KN) Torque Moment (Nm) M M M M *for cracked Concrete we shall use 0,5 x this value (approximately) Setting Data: Edge distance > 1.5 x effective anchorage depth, distance between anchors > 3,0 x effective anchorage depth, min. thickness of foundation > 2,5 x H eff. Bolt Size H eff. Edge Distance C Distance Between Anchors S Thickness of Foundation hmin Washer (Ø) Tightening Torque (Nm) Spanner size M x M x M x M x Spaner Size M Usable Length Drilling Depth Drill Ø Sleeve Anchor - SAS: with hexagon screw (non-cracked concrete C20/25). Size Length Drill (Ø) Hole Ø in Fixture Drilling Depth Setting Depth (Ø) H eff. Min.Usable Length M M Washer H eff M M Setting Depth M Length M *for cracked Concrete we shall use 0,5 x this value (approximately).

82 80 anchors 6 Tension Tension load load Shear load 8 (kn) (kn) Type Order No) (kn) M6 M8 M10 M tion stallation Installation 1 Bolt Size Tension load Shear load Bending moment Heff. Edge Distance Distance between Wa (kn) (kn) (Nm) C anchor S ( M x M Shear load Bending 4.1 Bending moment moment Tighten 6.3 Tighten torque torque Distance 13 Distance between between Distance 50 Distance to edge to Min. edge 75thickness Min. thickness 15 Spanner 0 Spanner 16 Sx (kn) M10 5.8(Nm) (Nm) 8.5 (Nm) (Nm) anchor 26.5 S anchor S 58 C C 87 of found of found17 size 4(SAS) size (SAS) 20 x M (hmin) 102 mm (hmin) mm x 2.5 M x Installation of Sleeve Anchor - SAS 2 3 T inst T inst T inst H Sleeve A-S Sleeve Anchor a brush, 2Anchor with remove hexagon with dust with hexagon a screw screw through the fixture into the torque. Drill Ø mm Drill ØLengt mm h Lengt h Sleeve Anchor - SAB: with threaded bolt and nut Size Drill a hole and clean it with blower. Length Drill (Ø) Hole Ø in Fixture Min.Drilling Depth Insert the sleeve anchor hole. Min. Setting Depth (Ø) H eff. Max. Usable Length M M M H Sleeve A-B Sleeve Anchor Anchor with threaded with threaded bolt and bolt nut and nut M M M M M M M M M M Spanner Size Installation ( push-through installation ) 2 3 Tighten to the recommended Thread Drillingdepth Thread Drillingdep Usablele mm mm mm m M Washer M6 M6 Plug & drill ØM6 Length M6 M8 M8 Usable Length M8 M8 6 M10 M M10 M Drill Ø H eff 8 80 Setting 8Depth 85 Plug & drill Plug Ø & Drilling drill Length 8Depth Ø Length Drilling Depth Length U L Drilli Dep (mm Size Drill Ø M68 M68 M810 M810 M810 M10 12 M10 12 M10 12 M12 16 M12 16 M12 16 Place the fixture (object) Remove dust with a blower and drill a hole. and clean the hole with a brush. setting tool. Drilling Drilling Usable UsableSetting Setting Drill ØLength Length depth depthlength length depth min. depth min Drill 16 a hole 110 of requested Remove 25 dust 25 with a 75 blower 75 diameter and depth. and clean the hole with a brush Tap the anchor through fixture with a hammer or a Size M6 M6 M8 M8 M10 M10 Installation ( pre positioned installation ) Tap with a hammer or a setting tool until fixing depth is reached. Tighten to the recommended torque. Size Drill Ø M68 M6 4 8 M810 M810 M10 12 M10 12 Drill ØLength Tighten to the recommended torque. Length Drilling depth Drilli dep (mm

83 anchors 81 STB Features: Through Bolt (Wedge Anchor) - STB - Suitable for use in cracked concrete or in non-cracked concrete and in natural stone. - Special design of the clip in stainless steel which ensures a safe hold in the hole. - Torque controlled expansion. - inc plated > 5µm. - User friendly, face fixing or through fixing. Throughbolt, Throughbolt, stainless stainless steel steel A4/316 A4/316 Typical Applications: Uni - channel, hand rails, steel construction, cable trays, supports, bracket, ducts and shelf feet. Fea E To Materials: - zinc plated steel. - stainless steel [ SS 304 (A2), SS 316 (A4) ]. A St Fa App faca und Through bolt r Washer Usable Length Drilling Depth Drill Ø H eff Setting Depth Bolt Length Technical Data: M6 M Through bolt zinc plated (non-cracked 8 concrete M84.1 C20/25). 4.1 Bolt Size Tension Load (KN) Bolt Size Bolt Tension Size load Tension Shear load load Shear Bending load moment Bending moment Heff. Heff. Edge Distance Edg (kn) (kn) (kn) (kn) (Nm) (Nm) C M M10 M M12 M M16 Shear M1614 Load Torque Moment (KN) (Nm) M Features Small edge and space distances Torque controlled expansion inc plated > 5µm Through xing M8 4.0Installation Installation M M M *for cracked Concrete we shall use 0,5 x this value (approximately) 2 2 Applications steel constructions, Setting Data: machines, pro les, under-constructions Edge distance > 1,5 H eff., distance between anchors > 3 x H eff. Thickness of foundation > 2 x H eff. Plug ( Bolt Size H eff. Edge Distance C Distance Between Anchors S Washer (Ø) Thickness of Foundation hmin Tightening Torque (Nm) Spanner Size Bending moment (Nm) Tighten torque (Nm) Distance between anchor S M x M x Distance to edge M10 Min. thickness Spanner 174Spanner 20 x C of found size (SAS) size (SAB) M12 (hmin) 68mm x M x

84 82 anchors Throughbolt, stainless stainless steel steel A4/316 A4/316 Installation Parameters: Through bolt zinc plated, stainless steel or hot dip galvanized. Bolt Size Bolt Length tallation Installation Installation Drill Ø Hole Ø in Fixture Drilling Depth Setting Depth Usable Length Features Fix Features European European Technical Technical Approval Approval Option Torque Torque controlled controlled expansion expansion Applications Applications in damp in damp areas and areas oua Stainless Stainless steel A4/316 steel A4/316 Face Face xing or xing through or through xing xing M M Applications Applications 50 facades, facades, 60 cable cable trays, railings, trays, railings, steel const stee under-constructions, 15 high-racks, high-racks pro M M Bolt SizeBolt Tension Size Tension load load Shear load Shear load Bending Bending moment moment Heff. Heff. Edge Distance Edge Distance Distance Distance between between Washer WasherThickne founda (kn) (kn) (kn) (kn) (Nm) (Nm) C C anchor S anchor S (Ø) (Ø) (mm M6 M x x M8 M M x x M10 M x x M12 M x x M16 M x x H eff.= Effective anchorage depth Installation H eff T inst T inst T inst 2 2 Drill a hole and clean with a brush, remove dust with a blower. Place the fixture and insert the through bolt with a hammer. Tighten to the recommended torque. Usable Usable Plug & drill Plug Ø& drill Length Ø Length Settin Length Length depth m (mm

85 anchors 83 SHA Features: Shield Anchor - SHA - Assembly detachable, multiple removing and fixing. - Low energy impact, power-saving assembly. - Force controlled expansion. - Flexibility inside threaded anchor. - Variable length and art of threaded rods or bolts. - By tightening the screw, the cone pulls into the sleeve and tense against the drill hole. - Small edge distance and small distance between anchor. - Expansion elements are held together by a spring. - Optimum taper nut angle for maximum expansion. - Pressed steel segment ensure consistent dimensional accuracy. - Provide a projecting stud to support fixture during installation and removal. - Suitable for use in concrete, natural stone, Brick and sand stone. Typical Applications: For fixing : steel construction, handrail, console, bracket, ladders, gate and spacing design. Materials: - zinc plated and die-cast. Usable Length t Fixture H eff. Setting Depth Technical Data: Recommended loads (concrete C 20/25 and in brick work). Drilling Depth (Hole Depth) Bolt Length Cone Drill Ø Size Tension Load KN Concrete Shear Load KN Torque Concrete N.m M M M M *for cracked Concrete we shall use 0,5 x this value (approximately) Setting Data: Edge distance > 1,5 x H eff., distance between anchors > 3 x H eff. Thickness of foundation > 2 x H eff. Size Distance to Edge C Distance Between Anchors S Min. Thickness of Foundation hmin M M M M H eff.

86 84 anchors Feature s European Technical Approval Op Torque controlled expansion Applications in damp areas and Stainless steel A4/316 Installation Face xing or through xing Installation Parmeters: A- Using a hexagon screw: insert shield only, place the fixture over the hole and insert a hexagon Applications screw with a washer through the fixture. facades, cable trays, railings, steel c B- Using a threaded bolt and nut: insert the shield with a threaded bolt, position the fixture over the under-constructions, thread and add high-racks, p a washer with a nut. A- Shield anchor with hexagon screw: M6 Bolt Size 70 Tension load 12 Shear load 45 Bending 50moment 35Heff. 25Edge Distance 10 Distance between 85 (kn) (kn) (Nm) 40 C anchor S M8 M M8Throughbolt, stainless 13 steel 50 A4/ M M M M Installation 1 Size M12 Bolt Length Drill a hole and clean it with a bruch, remove dust with 2 a blower. Min.Drill Ø 2 Shield Length Place the plug and the object to fix. Min. Hole Depth Setting Depth H eff Tighten the screw. Usable Length Spanner Size T inst Washer (Ø) 12 x x x x x 3.0 Th fo Features 19 European Technical Approval O Torque controlled expansion Applications 4 in damp areas and Stainless steel A4/316 Face xing or through xing Applications Fixing completed. facades, cable trays, railings, steel c under-constructions, high-racks, p B- Shield anchor with threaded bolt and nut: Plug & drill Ø Length Size Threaded Length Min. Drill Ø Shield Length Min. Hole Dep Setting Depth Usable Length Spaner Size H eff M Bolt Size Tension load Shear load Bending moment Heff. Edge Distance 8Distance between (kn) (kn) (Nm) C anchor S M M M M M10 M M M Installation T inst Drill a hole and clean it with Place the plug and the Tighten the screw. Fixing 16 completed. 115 a brush, remove dust with object to fix. a blower Plug & drill Ø 160 Length Usable Length Washer 5 (Ø) x x x x x Usable 30 Length S de Th fo d

87 Converters & Terms

88 86 Converters & Terms Length To Convert From To Multiply By inch (in) = meter (m) x x 10-2 foot (ft) = meter (m) x x 10-1 inch (in) = centimeter (cm) x foot (ft) = centimeter (cm) x x inch (in) = micrometer (µm) x x foot (ft) = micrometer (µm) x x meter (m) = foot (ft) x meter (m) = inch (in) x x micrometer (µm) = foot (ft) x x 10-5 micrometer (µm) = inch (in) x x 10-6 Area To Convert From To Multiply By inch (in 2 ) = square meter (m 2 ) x x 10-4 foot (ft 2 ) = square meter (m 2 ) x x 10-2 inch (in 2 ) = square. centimeter (cm 2 ) x foot (ft 2 ) = square. centimeter (cm 2 ) x x inch (in 2 ) = square.micrometer (µm 2 ) x x foot (ft 2 ) = square.micrometer (µm 2 ) x x square meter (m 2 ) = square foot (ft 2 ) x x square meter (m 2 ) = square inch (in 2 ) x x sq. centimeter (cm 2 ) = square foot (ft 2 ) x x 10-3 sq. centimeter (cm 2 ) = square inch (in 2 ) x x 10-1 sq.micrometer (µm 2 ) = square foot (ft 2 ) x x 10-9 sq.micrometer (µm 2 ) = square inch (in 2 ) x x 10-7 Volume To Convert From To Multiply By inch (in 3 ) = cubic meter (m 3 ) x x 10-5 foot (ft 3 ) = cubic meter (m 3 ) x x 10-2 inch (in 3 ) = cubic centimeter (cm 3 ) x x foot (ft 3 ) = cubic centimeter (cm 3 ) x x inch (in 3 ) = cubic micrometer (µm 3 ) x x foot (ft 3 ) = cubic micrometer (µm 3 ) x x square meter (m 3 ) = square foot (ft 3 ) x x square meter (m 3 ) = square inch (in 3 ) x x sq. centimeter (cm 3 ) = square foot (ft 3 ) x x 10-5 sq. centimeter (cm 3 ) = square inch (in 3 ) x x 10-2 sq.micrometer (µm 3 ) = square foot (ft 3 ) x x sq.micrometer (µm 3 ) = square inch (in 3 ) x x gallon (U.S. liquid) = cubic meter (m 3 ) x x 10-3 Force To Convert From To Multiply By pounds-force (lbf) = newtons (N) x x 10 Temperature Converters To Convert From To Multiply By degree Fahrenheit = degree Celsius x t C = (t F - 32)1.8 degree Celsius = degree Fahrenheit x t F = 1.8t C + 32

89 Converters & Terms 87 Section Properties To Convert From To Multiply By section modulus S (in 3 ) = S (m 3 ) x x 10-5 moment of inertia I(in 4 ) = I (m 4 ) x x 10-7 modulus of elasticity E (psi) = E (Pa) x x section modulus S (m 3 ) = S (in 3 ) x x moment of inertia I (m 4 ) = I (in 3 ) x x modulus of elasticity E (Pa) = E (psi) x x 10-4 Bending Moment or Torque To Convert From To Multiply By lbf.ft = newton meter (N.m) x lbf.in = newton meter (N.m) x x 10-1 N.m = lbf.ft x x 10-1 N.m = lbf.ft x Mass To Convert From To Multiply By ounce = kilogram (kg) x x 10-2 pound = kilogram (kg) x x 10-1 kilogram (kg) = ounce x x kilogram (kg) = pound x Mass Per unit Length lb/ft = kilogram per meter (kg/m) x lb/in = kilogram per meter (kg/m) x x kg/m = pound per foot (lb/ft) x x 10-1 kg/m = pound per inch (lb/in) x x 10-1 Mass Per unit Volume lb/ft 3 = kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ) x x lb/in 3 = kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m 3 ) x x kg/m 3 = pound per cubic foot (lb/ft 3 ) x x 10-2 kg/m 3 = pound per cubic inch (lb/inch 3 ) x x 10-5 lbs/ft 3 = pound per cubic inch (lb/inch 3 ) x x Mass Per unit Area lb/ft 2 = kilogram per square meter (kg/ m 2 ) x kg/m 2 = pound per square foot (lb/ft 2 ) x x 10-1 Pressure or Stress lbf/in 2 (psi) = pascal (Pa) x x kip/in 2 (ksi) = pascal (Pa) x x lbf/in 2 (psi) = megapascal (MPa) x x 10-3 pascal (Pa) = pound-force per square inch (psi) x x 10-4 pascal (Pa) = kp per square inch (psi) x x 10-7 megapascal (MPa) = lbf/in 2 (psi) x x Abbreviations Defl. = Deflection o.c. = On Center S.F. = Safety Factor PVC = Poly Vinyl Chloride Ft. = Feet In. = Inch Pre-galv. = Pre-galvanized Steel psi = Pound per Square Inch Metric symbols m= Meter kg= Kilogram kn = Kilonewton cm= Centimeter lb = pound Pa= Pascal mm= Millimeter ft = foot MPa= Megapascal µm= Micrometer N= Newton

90 88 Converters & Terms terms - AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute): A North American trade association. - Alloying Element: The adding of any metallic element in stainless steel production in Order to increase hardness, strength, or corrosion resistance. Molybdenum, nickel, and chromium are common alloying elements in stainless steel. - Alloy Steel (S): Refers to steels made with deliberate additions of one or more alloying elements during steelmaking to enhance the properties of the steel. The most common alloying elements are Mn, Cr, Mo and Ni. - Annealing (Solution Annealing): A process of heating cold stainless steel to obtain maximum softness and ductility by heat treatment which also produces a homogeneous structure (in austenitic grades). It relieves stresses that have built up during cold working and insures maximum corrosion resistance. Annealing can produce scale on the surface shall be removed by pickling. - Austenitic Stainless Steel: Non-magnetic stainless steel that contain nickel and chromium. Austenitic stainless steels are the most widely used category of stainless steel. - Cold Forming (Cold Working): Any mechanical operation that makes permanent deformation, such as bending, rolling, drawing, etc. performed at room temperature that increases the hardness and strength of the stainless steel. - Cold Roll Formed Sections (S): The term usually refers to hot rolled steel that is roll formed cold into angles, channels or shaped / corrugated sheet. The word cold refers to the forming process, not to the type of steel that is used. - Cold-Rolled Strip (Sheet): Stainless steel that has been run through a cold reduction mill. - Drawing (Drawn): A forming process that presses metal into or through a die (as in cold drawn wire). - Ferritic: Magnetic stainless steels that have a low carbon content and contain Chromium as the main alloying element, usually between 13% and 17%. It is the second most widely used stainless steel. - Ferrous: Any metal that is primarily composed of iron. - Galvanneal (S): Refers to a sheet steel product that is annealed after hot dip galvanizing with zinc. The additional annealing step produces an external zinc-iron alloy coating which gives the coated steel product exceptional corrosion resistance. - Gauge (S): Another term for the thickness of sheet steel. - Hardness Test: Hardness testing consists of pressing an indenter into a flat surface under a perfectly controlled load, then measuring the dimension of the resulting indentation. - HRC (S): Common abbreviation for hot rolled coil. - Low-Carbon Stainless Steel: Stainless steel containing less than 0.03% carbon. - Martensitic: A small category of magnetic stainless steels typically containing 12% chromium, a moderate level of carbon, and a very low level of nickel. - Mild steel (S): Low carbon steel - often also referred to as soft steel. Carbon content generally under 0.25%. - Molybdenum (Mo): An alloying element that enhances corrosion resistance along with chromium in stainless steels. - Nickel (Ni): An alloying element used in stainless steels to enhance ductility and corrosion resistance. - Non-Ferrous Metal: Metal or alloy that contains no iron. - Passivation: When exposed in air, stainless steels passivate naturally (due to the presence of chromium). In order to ensure that the passive layer reforms rapidly after pickling, a passivation treatment is performed using a solution of nitric acid and water. - Pickling: A process that removes surface scale and oxidation products by immersion in a chemically active solution, such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid. - Quenching (S): Rapid cooling - typically undertaken to obtain a specific property such as increased hardness of steel. - Secondary Stainless Steel: Stainless steel that has been rejected by an original customer because of a defect in the chemistry, gauge, or surface quality. - Stainless Steel: Group of corrosion resistant steels containing at least 10.5% chromium and may contain other alloying elements; These steels resist corrosion and maintain its strength at high temperatures. - Titanium (Ti): A very ductile and malleable white metal that is used in aviation, aerospace, etc. because of its high strength and light weight. - Tungsten (W): Gray metal with high tensile strength. It is ductile, malleable, and resistant to atmospheric elements and all acids except strong alkalies. - Impact Strength: Absorbed energy is designated by KV, in V- notch and Ku in u notch. - Tempering: Process of giving the requisite degree of hardness or softness to steel. - Chromating: the process of covering a surface with an oxide layer that chemically reacts to form metal chromates.

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