OIL SEALS & O-RINGS OIL SEALS & O-RINGS OIL SEALS & O-RINGS CAT. NO. R2001E-4

Transcription

1 OIL SEALS & O-RINGS

2 Koyo Oil Seals: Features Koyo O-Rings: Features Koyo Functional Products: Features FEM (Finite Element Method) Analysis 1. Oil Seals Engineering Section Dimensional Tales 2. O-Rings Engineering Section Dimensional Tales 3. Application Examples 4. References of Oil Seals and O-Rings Engineering Data 5. Request Forms for Oil Seal Design and Production

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4 Preface This catalog lists Koyo oil seals and O-rings, including all items of the dimension series specified in ISO, JIS and JASO (Japanese Automoile Standards Organization) standards. This catalog is also ased on knowledge gained from our supply record, experience, expertise, technologies, and research developments that JTEKT and KOYO SEALING TECHNO have acquired in cooperation with customers since its foundation in A specialty of this new catalog is the comprehensive information, it offers regarding the selection and handling of oil seals and O-rings. Energy-saving, efforts to protect gloal environment are in great demand, and we make efforts to continue further research and development in response to these. We look forward to receiving your further loyal patronage of Koyo products. If you have any questions or requests in selecting oil seals, please fill out the Request Forms for Oil Seal Design and Production provided at the end of this catalog and send them y fax to your nearest JTEKT operation. The contents of this catalog are suject to change without prior notice. Every possile effort has een made to ensure that the data listed in this catalog is correct. However, we can not assume responsiility for any errors or omissions. The data included in this catalog consists of representative values that have een otained under specific conditions. These values do not guarantee the results that can e otained y way of the information contained in this catalog or the safety of this product. Before using this product, check that it is appropriate and safe to use for the intended application. Reproduction of this catalog without written consent is strictly prohiited.

5 Koyo Oil Seals: Features... 2 Koyo O-Rings: Features... 3 Koyo Functional Products: Features... 4 FEM (Finite Element Method) Analysis Oil Seals Contents 2. O-Rings 1.1 Nomenclature and functions of seal components Seal numering system Seal types Selection of seal Shaft and housing design Seal characteristics Handling of seal Causes of seal failures and countermeasures Seal dimensional tales (Contents) Classification of O-ring and ackup ring Numering systems of O-ring and ackup ring Selection of O-ring O-ring technical principles Fitting groove design for O-ring Handling of O-ring Typical O-ring failures, causes and countermeasures O-ring dimensional tales (Contents) Application Examples of Oil Seals and O-Rings 4. References 3.1 Automoile Motorcycle Rolling mill roll necks Rolling stock axles Geared motor Hydraulic motor Ruer-material varieties and properties SI units and conversion factors Shaft tolerance Housing ore tolerance C - F temperature conversion tale Steel hardness conversion tale Viscosity conversion tale Shaft surface speed Quick reference diagram Request Forms for Oil Seal Design and Production

6 Features Koyo Oil Seals: Features 1. Lightweight, compact, and energy-saving Koyo oil seals offer high sealing performance, while eing compact with reduced seal width. They help reduction of machine weight, size, and resource consumption 2. High sealing performance y optimum lip design Koyo oil seals employ a linear-contact lip, which provides proper radial lip load. The lip design ensures excellent sealing performance, low torque, proper flexiility and high allowaility for eccentricity. 3. Low heat generation and long service life y highly self-luricating ruer materials Based on extensive research and experimentation, JTEKT has succeeded in developing seal ruer materials with high self-lurication performance. These ruer materials show limited chemical changes such as hardening, softening and/or aging. These materials, having excellent duraility, can offer long service life with less heat generated even under high-peripheral speed. 4. High sealing performance and long service life y hydrodynamic ris (Perfect Seal, Helix Seal, Super Helix Seal) The sealing lip has special spiral threads (hydrodynamic ris) in one or two directions, which drastically improved sealing performance and service life. Various oil seals Large-size oil seals 2

7 Koyo O-Rings: Features 1. High sealing performance and reliaility High sealing performance against water, oil, air, various gases and chemicals. 2. Availale in a full lineup of designs and sizes 3. Easy handling Various O-rings 3

8 Features Koyo Functional Products: Features JTEKT produces various functional products ased on advanced sealing technologies and sophisticated manufacturing expertise acquired through extensive research and development. Koyo functional products are very helpful in improving machine performance, reducing weight, size, noise and viration. Consult JTEKT if there is no product in this catalog that exactly matches your requirements--jtekt can custom-design products. 1. Functional products for automoiles and industrial machinery Center earing unit Bearings molded with viration isolating ruer Spark-plug tue gasket Plastic gear shafts Dust covers Various functional products Bonded piston seals for automatic transmissions and CVT Friction dampers for manual transmissions and engine alance shafts 4

9 2. Functional products for motorcycles Air cleaner joint Caruretor joint Muffler joints Plastic gear shafts Oil strainer Mesh gasket Ball-component clutch releases Vertical gaskets Chain tensioner Chain guide Various functional products 5

10 Features FEM (Finite Element Method) Analysis JTEKT uses the non-linear finite element method to analyze non-linear materials such as ruer, for which accurate analysis was difficult efore. The company has een studying sealing-mechanism theories y this method in order to develop new products. The findings so far have een very useful for asic research as well as for ruer-component design. The FEM is our common design tool today, enaling highly reliale analysis and evaluation, speeding up research and product development. Pressure deflection, stress analysis Stress High Tension Under no load Low Under load (stress distriution diagram) Metal ring three-dimensional stress analysis Stress High Tension Under no load Under load (stress distriution diagram) Low Heat transfer analysis (temperature distriution) Temperature High Temperature When the shaft is standstill Low After the shaft is rotated (heat temperature distriution chart) Three-dimensional seal lip viration analysis Under no load At resonance 6

11 1 Oil Seals 1.1 Nomenclature and functions of seal components... 8 (1) Nomenclature of components... 8 (2) Component functions Seal numering system Seal types (1) Common seal types and their features (2) Special seal types and their features Selection of seal (1) Selection of seal type (2) Selection of ruer material (3) Selection of metal case and spring materials Shaft and housing design (1) Shaft design (2) Housing design (3) Total eccentricity (4) Allowale total eccentricity Seal characteristics (1) Sealing property (2) Seal service life (3) Lip temperature (4) Allowale peripheral speed (5) Allowale internal pressure (6) Seal torque Handling of seal (1) Storage (2) Handling (3) Mounting (4) Mounting of split MS-type seals... 3 (5) Cautions after mounting Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (1) Causes of seal failures (2) Causes of seal failures and countermeasures Seal dimensional tales (Contents)

12 1.1 Nomenclature and functions of seal components 1.1 Nomenclature and functions of seal components (1) Nomenclature of components Oil seals work to prevent leakage of sealed ojects such as luricants from inside and also to prevent the entry of dust and contaminants from outside. Oil seals are designed in a variety of shapes according to the applications and sustances to e sealed. Fig shows a typical shape of seal and its component nomenclature. 8 Air side face 5 Metal case 6 O.D surface 7 Fluid side face 4 Spring Housing Air side Sealed side Shaft 2 Minor lip 3 Sealing edge 1 Main lip Fig Typically shaped oil seal and component nomenclature (2) Component functions 1 Main lip The main lip is the most critical component of seals. Its sealing edge contacts around the shaft surface in order to provide excellent sealing performance. During service, seals are placed under various stresses, such as machine viration, shaft runout, and changes in the temperature and pressure of sustances to e sealed. The main lip is designed so as to generate force (radial lip load) and to keep the sealing edge consistently in contact with the shaft under such stresses. For such stresses, seal ruer material is made from synthetic ruer, which is highly elastic and arasionresistant. 2 Minor lip The minor lip prevents the entry of dust and contaminants from outside. As a luricant, grease can e retained in the space etween main lip and minor lip. 3 Sealing edge Section of the sealing edge is wedge-shaped to e pressed against the shaft surface and linearly contacts with the shaft to ensure sufficient sealing performance and suitaility for operation at high peripheral speed. 8

13 4 Spring The spring supplements the tension at the sealing edge to ensure tight contact etween the shaft and the sealing edge and enhanced sealing performance. The spring also prevents the deterioration of main lip sealing performance caused y high heat or others. Because this spring is a closely wound type coil, the initial tension can e otained high level, and then changes in load characteristics can e gradual with respect to spring elongation. Tension at the sealing edge can thus e kept stale at an appropriate level. Spring load Spring rate (slope of line) Inflection point Service range Initial tension 5 Metal case The metal case provides rigidity on seal, helping it settle on the housing securely. It also ensures easy seal handling and mounting. Spring elongation Fig Spring properties for seal 6 O.D surface Seals are fitted tightly into the housing ore generally. O.D surface prevents the oil leakage through fitting area, while excluding contaminants. This surface may e made of either metal or ruer and selected depending on the application. 7 Fluid side face The front end face of the seal is called the nose. Seals are usually mounted for the nose to face the sustances to e sealed. The nose is made of ruer and forms a gasket seal when compressed on housing shoulder. 8 Air side face The oil seal surface vertical to the center line of the shaft on the side that does not come in contact with sustances to e sealed is generally called the ack face. Either metal or ruer peripheral surface is availale, depending on the application. 9

14 1.2 Seal numering system 1.2 Seal numering system Example MH S A J Seal type code... Special shape code... J: Additional code is added here as an identifier when two or more seals have exactly the same type codes and dimensional numers. Lip type code... No code: without minor lip A: with minor lip Spring code Tale Seal numering system Dimensional numers Shaft numer... 45: The seal suits the shaft diameter of u45 mm. Housing ore numer... 7: The seal suits the housing ore diameter of u7 mm. Width numer... 8: The seal width is 8 mm.... No code: without spring S: with spring MH: O.D wall is ruer material HM: O.D wall is metal case HM(S)H: O.D wall is metal with a reinforcing inner metal case. (A spring is always provided for this type.) Remark) For the type codes of special type seals, refer to Section 1.3. Koyo oil seals: Features Ruer O.D wall prevents leakage efficiently under pressure Light metal case with sufficient rigidity Nose gasket prevents leakage through the seal O.D Lip design with excellent followaility Linear contact type sealing edge with high duraility under high peripheral speed Minor lip preventing entry of contaminants Ruer materials with high self luricating property 1

15 1.3 Seal types (1) Common seal types and their features Seals are classified y O.D wall material, lip type and whether with spring or without spring. Major oil seals are specified in ISO 6194 and JIS B 242. Tale shows common seal types. Tale lists the seal type codes used at JTEKT, along with the corresponding codes used in the ISO, JIS, and JASO standards. Tale Oil seals of common types Ruer O.D wall 2) With spring 1) Metal O.D wall 3) Metal O.D wall with a reinforcing inner metal case 3) 4) Ruer O.D wall 2) Without spring Metal O.D wall 3) Without minor lip Type code MHS HMS HMSH MH HM With minor lip 5) Features of each type Type code MHSA HMSA HMSAH MHA HMA 1) With spring type secures stale sealing performance 2) Ruer O.D wall type provides stale sealing performance around the seal O.D surface 3) Metal O.D wall type ensures improved fitting retention etween the seal O.D and the housing ore 4) Reinforcing inner metal case in the metal O.D wall type protects the main lip 5) With minor lip type is used for applications where there are contaminants, such as dust and foreign matter, on the air side face of the oil seal. Tale Koyo oil seal type codes corresponding to the codes used in Industrial standards KOYO ISO 1) JIS 2) Old JIS MHS Type 1 S HMS Type 2 SM HMSH Type 3 SA MH G HM GM MHSA Type 4 D HMSA Type 5 DM HMSAH Type 6 DA MHA HMA Notes 1) ISO : International Organization Standardization 2) JIS : Japanese Industrial Standard 11

16 1.3 Seal types (2) Special seal types and their features JTEKT and Koyo sealing techno Co.,Ltd. provide special seals to meet a wide variety of machines and applications: Tale Oil seals of special types (1) : For i-directional rotation : For uni-directional rotation Seal type Type code and shape Motion Features Applications Perfect Seals MHSA...XBT Hydrodynamic ri The hydrodynamic ris provided in two directions on the air side face of the lip ensure improved pumping effect and higher sealing performance in oth rotational directions of the shaft. Reduction gears input shafts Differential gear sides Helix Seals MHSA...XRT MHSA...XLT Hydrodynamic ri The hydrodynamic ris provided in one direction on the air side face of the lip ensure improved pumping effect and higher sealing performance. Engine crankshafts Oil pumps Differential gear sides Reduction gears input shafts Super Helix Seals MHSA...XRT MHSA...XLT Hydrodynamic ri The hydrodynamic ris (a comination of fixed-width ris and wedge-shaped ris) provided in one direction on the air side face of the lip ensure improved pumping effect and enhanced duraility. Engine crankshafts Oil pumps Differential gear sides Reduction gears input shafts Doule Lip Seals HMSD MHSD These seals can separate and seal two kinds of oil or fluid on one shaft Engaged positions of transfer system 12 Perfect Seal Helix Seal Super Helix Seal

17 Tale Oil seals of special types (2) : For i-directional rotation : For reciprocation Seal type Type code and shape Motion Features Applications Pressureresistant Seals MHSA...P GMHSA...P These seals are designed to reduce lip deformation caused y oil pressure. Sealing performance does not eing deteriorated under high pressure Hydraulic motors Motorcycle engine crankshafts Power steering input shafts Reciprocating Seals MHSAF...R These seals are designed to accommodate shaft strokes and to lessen lip deformation caused y shaft reciprocating motion CVT shafts of motorcycles External Lip Seals XMH XMHSA This type of seal has the lip on its outside, sealing the contact with housing Front hus Rear hus Seals with Side Lip A large side lip ensures prevention of entry of dust/water Differential gear sides Differential pinion gear MHSA...S Mud-resistant Seals with Integrated Sleeve D These seals are designed to enhance prevention of entry of mud Wheel hus HR Seals HRSA HR seals ensures sealing performance around seal O.D and retain fitting with housing Engine crankshafts Wheel hus SIM Seals MHR MHRA The seals are spring-in mold type, which protect the spring from dust / water and enhance duraility Plug tues Wheel hus Seal with Side Lip HR Seal SIM Seal 13

18 1.3 Seal types Tale Oil seals of special types (3) : For i-directional rotation Seal type Type code and shape Motion Features Applications Full Ruer Seals MS Mounting is easy ecause of full ruer construction. Split type seals are availale which can e mounted directly, not necessarily mounting from the shaft end Long shafts, complex shaped shaft YS Type Seal YS YSA Wide range sizes for medium and large shafts are availale Rolling mills Various medium and large size machines MORGOIL Seals MORGOIL seals are used exclusively on MORGOIL earings MORGOIL earings MS...J MS...NJ Water Seals The doule lips ensure improved water-proof performance Rolling mill roll necks XMHE Scale Seals These seals prevent the ingress of scales in rolling oil Rolling mill roll necks WR WR...BJ V-Rings MV...A With these rings, shafts can e sealed at the end. The V-rings can e mounted easily in limited spaces Rolling mill roll necks 14

19 1.4 Selection of seal (1) Selection of seal type To select a seal type, seal O.D wall material, lip type, and whether a spring should e provided or not should e decided ased on operational conditions as shown in flowcharts elow. If you need oil seals used under special conditions not covered in the flowcharts, refer to Section 1.3 Paragraph (2), "Special seal types and their features." Tale Flowcharts for oil seal selection O.D wall material Housing material Ruer O.D wall Resin or light metal housing has large thermal expansion and is easily damaged. Small thermal expansion and hard material Housing design Split housing Ruer or metal O.D wall One solid type Roughness of housing ore Ra, μm (1.6~3.2) μmra (.4~1.6) μmra Metal O.D wall Spring required Spring not required Necessity of spring Sustance to e sealed Fluid like oil, water Grease or high viscosity oil Pressure P, kpa P<3 kpa Atmospheric pressure P = > 3 kpa Pressure-resistant seals Peripheral speed S, m/s S > = 5 m/s Shaft runout = >.1 mmtir Housing ore eccentricity = >.1 mmtir S<5 m/s 1) Pressure, shaft surface speed and eccentricity produce comined effects; use the aove selective values only for reference purposes 2) TIR is shown "Total Indicator Reading" Total eccentricity Shaft runout <.1 mmtir Housing ore eccentricity <.1 mmtir Lip type Minor lip required Dusty Air side conditions No dust Single lip Seal selection example Housing: Made of steel, one solid design, housing ore surface roughness 1.8 μmra Sustance to e sealed: Grease Pressure: Atmospheric Shaft surface speed: 6 m/s Air side condition: Dusty According to the aove flowcharts, a seal with a ruer or metal O.D wall, spring, and minor lip is the most suitale for these conditions. The MHSA or HMSA seal is recommended in this case. 15

20 1.4 Selection of seal (2) Selection of ruer material Ruer materials should e selected according to temperature conditions and sustances to e sealed. Ruer material (ASTM 3) code) Grade Features Tale lists ruer materials along with their operational temperature ranges and their staility to fluids. Tale Ruer materials, operational temperature ranges and their staility to fluids 4) 1) 2) Operational temperature range Lower limit Normal operation range Upper limit C Gasoline (regular) : The ruer has excellent resistance to the sustance to e sealed : The ruer has good resistance to the sustance except under extreme conditions : The ruer is not resistant to the sustance except under specific favorale conditions : The ruer is not resistant to the sustance Fuel oil Lurication oil and hydraulic fluid Grease Chemicals and water Gasoline (premium) Kerosene, light oil Gear oil Turine oil Engine oil Automatictransmission fluid Mineral oil Water + glycol Phosphoric ester Brake oil Cutting oil Machine oil Lithium ase Urea ase Ester ase Silicone ase Fluorine ase Alcohol Ether Ketone Water Concentrate inorganic acid solution Dilute inorganic acid solution Concentrate alkaline solution Dilute alkaline solution Standard type Well-alanced ruer in resistance to high-, low- temperature, and to arasion 3 1 Lowtemperature resistant type High resistant to oth high- and lowtemperatures and to arasion 4 1 Nitrile ruer (NBR) High- and lowtemperature resistant type Very strong and low strain. Superior in resistance to high- and lowtemperature 4 11 Hydrogenated nitrile ruer (HNBR) Acrylic ruer (ACM) Silicone ruer (VMQ) Fluoro ruer (FKM) Heat resistant type For food processing machines Standard type Standard type High- and lowtemperature resistant type Standard type Standard type Enhanced heat and arasion resistance. Highly compatile with synthetic oil Nitrile ruer passed tests specified in the Food Sanitation Law Compared with nitrile ruer, superior in resistance to heat and to arasion High resistant to oil and to arasion Improved low-temperature resistance. Low strain and same level heat resistance as standard type Wide operational temperature range and good arasion resistance Most superior in heat resistance and good arasion resistance * The information provided in the aove chart is for reference only. For specific details, consult JTEKT. Notes 1) Operational temperature means the lip (Sliding part) temperature. It should e determined ased on amient temperature, heat generated y the machine, lip friction heat, heat generation y the agitation of the sustance to e sealed and heat transfered from other components etc. 2) The highest normal-operation temperature may e lower than indicated in this tale, depending on the kind and properties of the sustance to e sealed (Refer to Tale ) 3) ASTM : American Socienty for Testing and Materials. 4) Properties aove may e affected y the components of rust preventing oil and cleaning fluid. Consult JTEKT. Tale Upper limits guideline of normal operation temperature of ruer materials used with different oils ( C) Ruer material Gear oil Turine oil Engine oil ATF Nitrile ruer (1) 1 12 (12) Hydrogenated nitrile ruer 14 Acrylic ruer 15 Silicone ruer Incompatile (15) Fluoro ruer 18 Remark) The ( ) indicates oil with extreme pressure additives. Extreme pressure additives are compounds of phosphor, sulfur or chlorine ase, added to prevent wear or seizure on sliding or rotating surfaces. These compounds are activated y heat and chemically react against ruer, which deteriorates ruer properties. When the new salesman asked the chief engineer how the elastic ruer is made, he got the reply: "After adding cross-linking chemicals to ruer polymers made from naphtha, high pressure is applied under high temperature. This creates a longlasting elasticity. High stress conditions do wonders to things, even to humans." Hearing this, the new salesman resolved to live like ruer, resilient and ouncing ack into shape Small talk 1 A new salesman's resolution

21 1.5 Shaft and housing design (3) Selection of metal case and spring materials The materials of metal case and spring can e selected according to the sustance to e sealed. Tale Compatiility of metal-case and spring materials with sustance to e sealed Material Metal case Spring Cold rolled Stainless High caron caron steel sheet steel wire steel sheet (JIS SPCC) (JIS SUS34) (JIS SWB) Sustance to e sealed Stainless steel wire (JIS SUS34) Oil Grease Water Seawater Water vapor Chemicals Organic solvent : Compatile : Incompatile : Not applicale Small talk 2 A service engineer's finding One customer called, "Some seals show oil leakage and some are OK. Please come and see immediately." A JTEKT service engineer visited the customer. He checked shaft diameter and any damage, also visually checked the seals, ut no possile cause of oil leakage was found. He asked how the shaft surface was finished. It was paper lapped to get the desired level of surface roughness. He then checked the shaft surface and found that the leaking shaft had lead marks (spiral traces of lapping) running in the leaking direction. When he rotated the shaft in the reversing direction, no leakage occurred. Showing a catalog, he advised the customer to finish shafts y plange cut grinding. Satisfied, he went ack and felt it was a good day. 1.5 Shaft and housing design (1) Shaft design Oil seals can show good sealing performance when mounted on properly designed shafts. To design shafts properly, follow the specifications elow. 1) Material Shafts should e made from caron steels for machine structural use, low-alloy steel, or stainless steel. Brass, ronze, aluminum, zinc, magnesium alloy and other soft materials are not suitale, except for special applications such as for low-speed or in a cleanenvironment. 2) Hardness Shaft hardness should e at least 3 HRC. In a clean environment, shaft hardness does not influence seal performance. However, in an environment where dust, contaminated oil, etc. exists, a shaft hardness of 5 to 6 HRC is recommended in consideration of factors such as shaft wear. Hard shaft is advantageous regarding seal damage prevention. 3) Dimensional accuracy The shaft diameter tolerance should e h8. Seals are designed to suit shafts with the tolerance of h8. When mounted on other tolerance shafts, seals may e unale to provide sufficient sealing performance. For use of shaft diameter tolerances larger than h8, consult JTEKT. Tale h8 Shaft tolerance Nominal shaft diameter d, mm Over Up to Tolerance µm h8 Upper Lower

22 4) Shaft end chamfer To protect seals from damage at mounting onto shafts, recommended chamfer on the shaft end is shown elow. Round the corners u 3 or less ud1 (2) Housing design 1) Material Steel or cast iron is generally used as the material of housings. When aluminum or plastic housing is used, the following consideration and study are required, as seal seating in housing ore may ecome loose fitting under high temperature ecause the housing material and seal material have different linear expansion coefficients. This may cause prolems such as leakage through the seal O.D, or seal dislocation. Nominal shaft diameter d1, mm Over Up to d1 mm Nominal shaft diameter d1, mm Over Up to d1 mm 1.5 min min min min min min min min min min. [Remark] When round chamfer is applied, take the aove specified d1- dimensional chamfer or more. Fig Shaft end chamfer 5) Surface roughness and finishing method To ensure the sealing performance of seals, the shaft surface to e in contact with the lip should e finished to µmra and µmrz in roughness. Note that lead marks on the shaft surface may carry the sustance to e sealed in the axial direction during shaft rotation, which interferes with the function of the seal. Finish shaft surface such that the lead angle will e no greater than.5. To achieve this, plange cut grinding is most suitale. To avoid undulation on the shaft surface, the ratio of shaft rotational speed vs grinding-wheel rotational speed should not e an integer. 2) Dimensional accuracy The housing ore tolerance should e H7 or H8 when ore is 4 mm or less. For larger housing ores, recommended tolerance is H7. Tale Housing ore tolerance Nominal ore Tolerance µm diameter D, mm H7 H8 Over Up to Upper Lower Upper Lower Good finished surface Undesirale finished surface The surface shows visile lead marks Fig Shaft surface with and without lead marks 19

23 1.5 Shaft and housing design 3) Chamfer Provide the chamfer at the housing ore inlet as shown elow so that a seal can e mounted easily and avoided from damages. 4) Housing shoulder diameter In case the housing ore has a shoulder, satisfy the following dimensional requirements. Shouldered ore R:.5 mm or less L B1 R:.5 mm or less 15 ~25 ud uf ud ud Straight ore 15 ~25 L B2 L 15 ~25 Unit : mm Nominal seal O.D, D Over Up to F 5 D D D - 8 [Remark] D indicates the outer diameter of a seal. ud Fig Recommended housing shoulder diameters Round the corners Unit : mm 5) Surface roughness To ensure seal sitting and to prevent leakage through seal O.D, finish ore surface to the roughness specified elow. Nominal seal width, Over Up to B1 min. B2 min [Remark] indicates the width of a seal. Fig Recommended housing ore chamfers L Tale Housing ore surface roughness Seal type For metal O.D wall type seal For ruer O.D wall type seal Housing ore surface roughness (.4~1.6) µmra (1.6~6.3) µmrz (1.6~3.2) µmra (6.3~12.5) µmrz Seals with coated metal O.D wall are availale in case metal O.D wall type seals with extremely high sealing performance are required. Consult JTEKT for these oil seals. 2

24 (3) Total eccentricity When the total eccentricity is excessive, the sealing edge of the seal lip cannot accommodate shaft motions and leakage may occur. Total eccentricity is the sum of shaft runout and the housing-ore eccentricity. It is normally expressed in TIR (Total Indicator Reading). Shaft runout is defined as eing twice the eccentricity etween the shaft center and center of shaft-center rotation trajectory. This is also normally expressed in TIR. Housing ore eccentricity is defined as eing the doule of eccentricity etween the housing-ore center and shaft rotation center. It is generally expressed in TIR (Total Indicator Reading). Shaft rotation center Eccentricity Measuring instrument (example) Shaft center Shaft O.D Center of shaft-center rotation trajectory Measuring instrument (example) Shaft O.D Housing-ore center Housing ore Fig Housing ore eccentricity Shaft eccentricity Shaft runout Fig Shaft runout (4) Allowale total eccentricity The allowale total eccentricity is the maximum total eccentricity at which the sealing edge can accommodate shaft rotation and retain adequate sealing performance. The allowale total eccentricity of seals is dependent not only on seal characteristics, such as seal type, seal size, and ruer material, ut also on other conditions, including shaft diameter tolerance, temperature and rotational speed. It is therefore difficult to determine the allowale total eccentricity of individual seals. The typical allowale total eccentricity values of seals are shown in Fig Allowale total eccentricity (mm TIR) Shaft diameter u12 u8 u5 u2 Seal type : MHSA and HMSA Ruer material : NBR Sustance to e sealed : Engine oil (SAE 3) Oil temperature : 8 C (min -1 ) Rotational speed Fig Allowale total eccentricity for oil seal (reference) 21

25 1.6 Seal characteristics 1.6 Seal characteristics (1) Sealing property Oil seals are used to prevent luricants or other fluids from leaking outside of the equipment or machine. As shown in Fig , the main lip shape and the contact with the rotating shaft surface produce a pumping effect that returns the fluid, thus ensuring the fluid is contained inside. The pumping effect is measured and expressed y pumped fluid volume per time unit. The greater the pumped volume, the higher the sealing performance will e. The pumped volume depends on multiple factors, such as rotational speed and fluid viscosity. Fig Sealing property As it can e oserved in Fig , which shows the relation etween rotational speed and pumped volume, the pumped volume increases with the rotational speed. Using the hydrodynamic ris can further increase pumped volume. (ratio) Super Helix Seal Pumped volume Plain seal Helix Seal Plain seal: Seal without hydrodynamic ris (min -1 ) Rotational speed Fig Rotational speed and pumped volume (reference) 22

26 (2) Seal service life The seal service life is defined as the time it takes to reach insufficient seal performance, which can e the result of wear on the lip ruer, chemical deterioration due to the use of oil or grease, or hardening. It is not so easy to determine actual seal service life, ecause it is dependent on many factors, such as condition of operational temperature, eccentricity, rotational speed, sustance to e sealed, and lurication. The diagram elow (Fig ) shows the curves of estimated seal service life, otained using major lifedetermining conditions as parameters, such as ruer material, luricant, and lip temperature. The service life shown in Fig is approximate, and the actual service life may e shorter depending on the operating conditions. (h) 15 1 FKM (Engine oil SAE 3) VMQ (Engine oil SAE 3) ACM (Engine oil SAE 3) HNBR (Engine oil SAE 3) Oil seal service life NBR (Gear oil SAE 9) NBR (Engine oil SAE 3) ( C) Lip temperature Fig Oil seal service life estimation curves (3) Lip temperature To determine the seal service life ased on the aove diagram, it is critical to estimate lip temperature precisely. As the shaft rotates, the seal lip is heated due to friction. Lip temperature is dependent on the alance etween the energy supplied y frictional heat and the radiated energy, which varies according to temperature difference and the construction surrounding the seal. Many factors influence lip temperature, so it is difficult to determine this precisely. The following is the procedure for estimation of lip temperature. 23

27 1.6 Seal characteristics Lip temperature estimation method q Calculate the peripheral speed at the sealing edge using the following equation πdn v = (6 1 ) where, v: peripheral speed at the sealing edge, m/s π: Ratio of circle circumference to diameter (3.14) d: Shaft diameter, mm n: Rotational speed, min -1 w Determine the supposed amient temperature e Find the point at which the amient temperature curve meets the calculated shaft surface speed in Fig r Read the ordinate value of the point t Otain the estimated lip temperature y the sum of the ordinate value and amient temperature Example Shaft diameter: u5 mm Rotational speed: 4 min -1 Amient temperature: 8 C Peripheral speed at the sealing edge can e otained as follows; v = π = 1.5 m/s In Fig , the cross of the curve for amient temperature 8 C and peripheral speed 1.5 m/s indicates that the lip temperature rise will e 2 C. Therefore, lip temperature is estimated 1 C (8 + 2 = 1 C). Lip temperature rise Seal type : MHS and HMS Ruer material : NBR (:) Sustance to e sealed : Engine oil (SAE 3) Amient temperature 25 C 5 C 8 C 12 C Peripheral speed (m/s) Fig Estimated lip temperature rise curves (reference) (4) Allowale peripheral speed The sealing edge of the seal should provide constant sealing performance, maintaining contact with the shaft while accommodating runout of the shaft (sum of shaft runout and mounting eccentricity). When shaft rotation is extremely fast, the sealing edge eventually ecomes unale to accommodate runout of the shaft (sum of shaft runout and housing-ore eccentricity), thus deteriorating sealing performance. The speed just efore the sealing performance is deteriorated, is called the allowale peripheral speed for seals. The allowale peripheral speed for seal is mostly influenced y shaft runout. When total eccentricity is small, the allowale peripheral speed is a constant value, depending on the ruer material and seal type. The diagrams elow show the typical allowale peripheral speed for seals mounted on the shaft and housing that are finished to a given level of accuracy. Figs and show the examples of allowale peripheral speed actually measured with the oil seals attached to the shaft finished with a certain accuracy and housing. Allowale shaft surface speed (m/s) Seal type : MHS and HMS Sustance to e sealed : Engine oil (SAE 3) Oil temperature : 8 C FKM, VMQ ACM HNBR NBR (mm) Shaft diameter Fig Relation etween ruer materials and allowale peripheral speed for seal Allowale shaft surface speed (m/s) Ruer material : NBR Sustance to e sealed : Engine oil (SAE 3) Oil temperature : 8 C MHS, MHSA HMS, HMSA MHSD HMSD MH HM Shaft diameter (mm) Fig Relation etween seal types and allowale peripheral speed for seal 24

28 (5) Allowale internal pressure Another factor that may deteriorate seal performance is internal pressure. The allowale internal pressure is also significantly dependent on runout of the shaft (sum of shaft runout and housing-ore eccentricity). Fig shows the example of allowale internal pressure actually measured with the oil seals attached to the shaft finished with the accuracy recommended in this catalogue and housing. Allowale internal pressure (kpa) Seal type : MHS and HMS Sustance to e sealed : Engine oil (SAE 3) Oil temperature : 8 C ACM NBR FKM HNBR Peripheral speed (m/s) Fig Allowale internal pressure for seal Small talk 3 A precious experience for a new salesman "The oil seal melts down and oil leaks!" Receiving an urgent phone call from a customer, a new salesman at JTEKT left the office immediately, elieving that something critical had happened. At the customer's site, the lip was araded significantly and the ruer did look molten. The customer suspected that the material was the cause of the prolem. Browsing the catalog confusedly, he questioned the customer, rememering the sales-training lectures he had attended efore. "How did you luricate the seal efore its initial use?" Suspecting that insufficient initial lurication might e the cause, he instructed the customer to coat grease around the lip and run the machine. Two hours passed, and the seal still showed no leakage. An overhaul proved that the seal was in good condition, with negligile lip arasion. "I now thoroughly understand the importance of pre-lurication," said the customer. It was a precious experience for the salesman as well. (6) Seal torque The seal torque is determined y lip radial load, coefficient of friction, and shaft diameter, and can e calculated y the following equation: T = 1 µdrl 2 1 where, T : Seal torque, N m µ : Coefficient of friction at sealing edge (including oil viscosity) d : Shaft diameter, mm RL: Lip radial load, N Lip radial load is determined y three factors: a component of stress caused y circumferential lip elongation that occurs when the seal is mounted on a shaft, a component stress caused y deflection at the lip ase, and a component of spring load (Fig ). Lip shape efore mounting Component of stress due to seal deflection Component of spring load Component of stress due to lip elongation Shaft Fig Factors of lip radial load The coefficient of friction at the sealing edge varies significantly depending on type of luricants used and peripheral speed. To find rotational torques of oil seals, various operating conditions must e taken into consideration. For details, consult JTEKT. 1) Initial seal torque Seal torque may e very high just after the seal mounting on a machine. However, it will ecome stale low torque within one or two hours (Fig ). 25

29 1.6 Seal characteristics Seal torque Seal type : MHS and HMS Ruer material : NBR Sustance to e sealed : Turine oil 9 Shaft diameter : 4 mm Rotational speed : 3 6 min -1 Oil temperature : 6 C Fig shows how shaft diameter influences seal torque. The larger shaft diameter, the higher the seal torque correspondingly. (N m) 2 Seal type : MHS and HMS Ruer material : NBR Sustance to e sealed : Engine oil (SAE 3) Oil temperature : 8 C 5 min -1 Operation hours Fig Seal torque change with passing time (reference) Seal torque min -1 4 min -1 3 min -1 Initial high torque occurs ecause the coefficient of shaft-lip friction is unstale. As operation continues, the shaft and lip ecome running in each other, it stailizes the friction coefficient and seal torque. 2) Factors for seal torque Fig shows how rotational speed and luricant influence seal torque. As this diagram shows, generally seal torque increases in proportion to shaft rotational speed increase. High viscosity luricating oil also increases seal torque. Seal torque 26 (N m) SAE Seal type : MHS and HMS Ruer material : NBR Oil temperature : 8 C Shaft diameter : 75 mm SAE 3 SAE (min 1 ) Shaft rotational speed Fig Relation etween rotational speed and seal torque min -1 1 min (mm) Shaft diameter Fig Relation etween shaft diameter and seal torque Small talk 4 A discovery on a cold day A second-year JTEKT sales rep received a harsh complaint from a customer. "Oil seals cannot e easily mounted today! When we press-fit them, the ruer tears." He checked the seal at the customer's site, ut could not find the reason. Then he consulted his manager y phone for advice. "The seal is having a 'cold'," his manager responded. "Like humans, seals do not enjoy a cold environment. Tell them to warm up the room and try again." Following this advice, a stove was carried into the assemly shop and the seal was tried to remount after eing slightly heated. To the surprise of the customer as well as the sales rep, the seal could e mounted smoothly without any prolem. The customer was very grateful to him. "Thank you for dealing with the prolem. We also can now work in a warm environment." The sales rep returned to the office, feeling very proud of himself. Back in the office, he heard another good piece of news from a material engineer: "Recent Koyo oil seals are made of improved material and can operate well in cold environments."

30 1.7 Handling of seal Carelessness in seal handling may cause oil leakage. Correct action should e taken for good inwards, storage, transportation, handling and mounting. (1) Storage Follow the instructions elow in the storing. Keep air-conditioned: Room temperature Max. 3 C and humidity 4% to 7% on average. (See Fig ) Keep rule: Use older oil seals stored, first. Avoid: Direct/reflected of sunlight, ozone When storing oil seals in a worksite, keep them in sealed containers to protect them from dusts, sands, and other contaminations, as well as mechanical damages caused y various equipment or sujects dropped. Avoid storing oil seals in a stack or hung as such storage condition can lead to deformation of seal edges due to their own weight. When an oil seal is stored for a long time, a white, powdery sustance (looming) may appear on the surface of the ruer, ut this does not affect performance. Avoid direct sunlight hang Koyo Koyo Koyo Maintain temperature at 3 C or elow, humidity 7% or lower Store oil seals in oxes or packets. Do not hang them. Koyo Koyo Koyo Koyo Koyo Fig Koyo Koyo Koyo Koyo Koyo Koyo Koyo Koyo Ko Ko (3) Mounting 1) Before mounting, confirm that there is no damage, no dirt or foreign particles on the seals. 2) Apply suitale, clean luricant to the seal lip for initial lurication. For oil seals with a minor lip, pack clean grease etween main lip and minor lip (Fig ). Minor lip Main lip Pack grease here Fig Prelurication for seals with minor lip 3) Recommended grease Small penetration (soft grease) Small penetration change y temperature Wide serviceale temperature range Lithium ase type (avoid silicone ase grease for silicon ruer seal, urea ase grease for fluoric ruer seal which may harden or deteriorate seal ruer) 4) When seal is mounted at cold area, warm seal up to have seal flexiility and then mount it. 5) To avoid damage on seal lip and shaft surface when seal is mounted onto shaft. Shaft edge should e chamfered or.2 mm smaller guide as illustrated ellow (Fig.1.7.3). (2) Handling When carrying oil seals, avoid excessive impact in order to prevent deformation and spring loss. Do not damage seals y knife or screw driver when opening wrap. Do not place seals for long time on tale without sheet cover, due to chance of dust or sand adhesion. Do not hang y wire, string, or nail, which deforms or damages seal lip. Do not use cleaners, solvents, corrosive fluids, or chemical liquid. Use kerosene when washing seals. ud -.2 mm ud Fig Recommended shaft profile and machine construction to avoid damaging shaft surface 27

31 1.7 Handling of seal 6) When seal is pressed into housing ore, use pressing jig as shown in Fig When press-fitting an oil seal into the housing ore in the opposite direction, use the pressing jig as shown in Figs and Jig for shouldered housing ore Shaft Housing Machined face eing at right angle to the housing ore Pressing jig Surface roughness:.63 μmra Housing Seal O.D - (.5-1) mm Pressing jig (Edge of jig is chamfered) Centering jig Jig for straight housing ore Housing Seal O.D + (5-1) mm or more Seal O.D - (.5-1) mm Pressing jig Centering jig Fig Seal press-fitting jig for straight housing ore in the opposite direction In the case of O.D wall eing ruer, press the seal into housing y constant pressure 2-3 times at a constant speed to prevent spring ack. Fig shows typical seal pressing load required to press-fit an oil seal into the housing. Refer to the shown data when press-fitting oil seals. Based on these diagrams, decide a slightly higher pressing load. Fig Recommended seal press-fitting jigs Seal press fit at a slant may cause the fit surface to have tear or scuffing and leakage. To ensure good sealing performance, seals need to e mounted at right angles to shafts. For right angled mounting, press the seal down thoroughly to reach the housing shoulder (Fig ). Shaft Housing Casted face Pressing jig Fig Seal press-fitting jig for shouldered housing ore in the opposite direction To mount seal into a straight housing ore, the jig should e contacted with the machine-finished surface to mount the seal at right angles to the housing ore (Fig ). Required pressing load Measuring conditions No luricant Surface roughness of housing ore: 1.6 μmra O.D wall: Ruer (Ruer material: NBR) (kn) 1 5 O.D u15 mm, width 15 mm O.D u1 mm, width 12 mm O.D u5 mm, width 8 mm (mm) Interference O.D wall: Metal Required pressing load (kn) 1 5 O.D u15 mm, width 15 mm O.D u1 mm, width 12 mm O.D u5 mm, width 8 mm (mm) Interference Fig Relation etween required seal pressing load and seal interference 28

32 7) In case of shaft has spline, keyway, or holes, use seal protecting jig to prevent lip damage as illustrated ellow (Fig ). If difficult to use jig, remove sharp corners, round the edges and coat enough grease. Guide jig Shaft Spline, keyway, etc. Housing 15 Shaft Heavy housing Protecting jig Shaft dia. +.5 mm Guide jig Fig Seal protecting jig for spline, keyway, holes on shaft All the corners of the jig should e chamfered. Do not use a jig made from soft material such as aluminum; such a jig is prone to damages and a damaged jig may scratch the seal lip. Use a protecting jig made from steel or stainless steel. 8) When heavy housing with seal is assemled with shaft, or when long or heavy shaft is inserted into seal, seal damage should e avoided. Use the following guide jig to get centering (Figs and 1.7.1). Fig Guide jig for mounting of heavy housing with seal onto shaft If these methods cannot e applied (Fig ), assemle shaft and housing first, then mount seal. 9) When oil seal is removed, use a new oil seal instead of the seal used. Contact position of new seal lip on the shaft should e displaced to.5 mm (1~2 mm for large-size seals) from the old seal lip contact position y applying spacer as illustrated ellow (Fig ). Guide jig Housing Long shaft Spacer Old seal lip track Fig Guide jig for inserting of long shaft into seal ore Fig Avoid old seal lip track 29

33 1.7 Handling of seal (4) Mounting of split MS-type seals MS-type seal has one split in order to have easy mounting on to long shaft or complicated shaped shaft (Fig ). (5) Cautions after mounting 1) If the area near the oil seal is painted, make sure to keep the seal lip and the shaft area in contact with the lip free from paint. 2) Avoid cleaning on the mounted seal area as much as possile. If cleaning is inevitale, perform it quickly and wipe off the detergent immediately when completed. Small talk 5 A murmur of a female staff memer Fig MS-type seal with one split When fitting the oil seal of this type, do not ond the cut portion of it with adhesive agent. If onding is asolutely necessary, pay close attention to avoid any step around the seal lip. Mount a split MS-type seal on to the shaft as following procedure: q Mount the spring first and connect spring y the hook (Fig ). w Mount the seal and position split area to upwards on the shaft. e Place the spring on the seal spring groove, position spring joint area to 45 apart from seal split area. r Fix the seal y seal fixing ring. If seal fixing ring is split type, avoid position of ring split area from seal split area. One day, a female staff memer over-heard a conversation: Third-year sales rep: "The ruer of oil seals is petroleum-ased (naphtha-ase), isn't it?" Engineering leader: "Nitrile ruer and acrylic ruer are synthetically produced ased on naphtha, ut silicone ruer is made from silicon, which can e found naturally. Fluoro ruer is produced synthetically from fluorine compounds extracted from fluorite, which is known for its fluorescent light emission." "Oh, how knowledgeale our engineering leader is!" murmured the female staff memer, impressed. Fig Spring hook connection 3

34 1.8 Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (1) Causes of seal failures To identify the causes of seal failure and take proper measures, it is critical to oserve the seal lip closely and evaluate the failure in all respects, such as shaft surface Leakage from seal From lip From fitting area Damages on lip Lip turned ackward Missing spring Lip hardened Lip softened Heavy wear on shaft Heavy wear on lip Uneven wear on lip Rough face, Steaks on lip Tear at seal heel ottom Lip deformation (small interference) Lip face contact Lip tear Blisters on lip No anormality on seal Peeling, Scuffing, Damages, Deformation, Inclined mounting on seal Oil seal fall-out No anormality on seal roughness, contaminants and lurication. Causes of major seal failure are listed elow (Tale 1.8.1). Factor 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th Stick slip: A friction related phenomena in which the sealing element tends to adhere and rotate with the shaft surface momentarily until the elastic characteristics of the sealing element overcome the adhesive force,causing the seal lip to lose contact with the rotating shaft long enough to allow leakage. This cycle repeats itself continuously and is normally associated with non-luricated and oundary-luricated conditions. Tale Causes of seal failures Burrs on shaft chamfer Spline, keyway on shaft Entry of foreign materials Wrong handling Small shaft chamfer Center off set at mount Excessive inside pressure Small shaft chamfer Center off set at mount Caused y Stick slip High oil temperature Poor lurication Excessive inside pressure Improper ruer Long time dip in cleaner, solvent Entry of foreign materials Chemical wear Depends on oil components Poor lurication Caused y Stick slip Poor lurication Excessive internal pressure Rough shaft surface finish Entry of foreign materials Excessive eccentricity at mount Inclined seal mounting Entry of foreign materials Poor lurication Wrong handling Reaction y impact pressure Excessive inside pressure High oil temperature Excessive inside pressure Minus pressure etween lips Big shaft runout Larger shaft diameter Caused y Stick slip Reaction y impact pressure Deterioration of lurication (directly under lip) Mirror finish on shaft surface Higher peripheral speed Higher radial lip load Smaller shaft diameter Improper shaft roughness Damages on shaft Lead machining on shaft Poor lip followaility resistance Wrong direction of seal mounting Adhesion of foreign particles at mounting Smaller housing ore diameter Small housing ore chamfer Rough housing ore surface finish Improper mounting tool Larger housing ore Smaller oil seal O.D Improper oil seal press-fit position Larger housing ore Smaller seal O.D Rough housing ore surface finish Damages or lowholes on housing ore Wrong direction of seal mounting Poor lurication Improper ruer Small interference Big shaft runout Big eccentricity Small interference Lip high rigidity Poor low temperature Large interference Small interference Small interference 31

35 1.8 Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (2) Causes of seal failures and countermeasures Tale elow lists the possile causes of seal failures and countermeasures. Tale Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (1) Oil leakage from lip (1) Symptom Phenomenon Causes Countermeasures Damages on Visile damage on lip edge sealing edge Damages 1) Sharp edge or urrs on shaft chamfer 2) Shaft spline or keyway 3) Entry of foreign materials 4) Poor handling Remove urrs and polish Use shaft protecting jig (See Fig on page 29.) Clean work shop Improve handling manner (Consult JTEKT.) Lip turned ackward Shaft Shaft Spring fall-out 1) Too small chamfer on shaft end 2) Center offset etween shaft and housing 3) Excessive inside pressure happened Correct shaft chamfer (See Fig on page 19.) Improve center offset (Consult JTEKT.) Apply high pressure proof seal or reather (vent) Missing spring Spring has fallen out 1) Inadequate shaft end chamfer 2) Center offset etween shaft and housing 3) Caused y Stick slip Improve shaft end chamfers (See Fig on page 19.) Improve center offset (Consult JTEKT.) Improve lurication including preluricating on seal Lip hardened Hardened and discolored 1) Temperature exceeded seal service temperature range 2) Poor lurication 3) Excessive inside pressure happened Change ruer material to high temperature proof ruer (See Tale on page 16.) Improve luricating method and luricant supply volume Apply high pressure proof seal or reather (vent) Lip softening Ruer that came into contact with luricant has ecome swollen and wavy 1) Mis-selection of ruer material 2) Long time dip in cleaning oil or organic solvent Change ruer to material not swelling in luricant (See Tale on page 16.) To clean the seal, apply the oil used for lurication as cleaning oil. In an application where grease is used for lurication, use kerosene as cleaning oil Heavy wear on shaft Shaft Wear readth Shaft Wear depth 1) Entry of foreign materials 2) Chemical wear due to high temperature or excessive pressure additive 3) Poor lurication 4) Caused y Stick slip Attach prevention device for entry of foreign materials Take countermeasure to prevent high temperature and change luricants (Consult JTEKT.) Improve lurication on lip including pre-luricating (Improve quantity of luricant or luricating method) 32

36 Tale Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (2) Oil leakage from lip (2) Symptom Phenomenon Causes Countermeasures Heavy wear Rough face, Streaks on lip Hardening, Cracks 1) Poor lurication 2) Rough shaft surface finish 3) Entry of foreign materials Excess heat generation due to 1) Poor lurication 2) Running under conditions eyond specifications a) Excess peripheral speed ) Excessive inside pressure Take pre-lurication on lip Improve lurication Improve shaft surface finish (See page 19.) Attach prevention device for foreign materials Improve lurication Examine cause of heat source Change ruer to heat proof ruer (See Tale on page 16.) Apply high pressure proof seal or reather (vent) Doule-faced wear Excessive inside pressure Apply high pressure proof seal or reather (vent) Lip uneven wear Wear track width is uneven. Max. wear positions of main lip and minor lip are same. 1) Center offset etween shaft and housing 2) Inclination of shaft Examine misalignment for shaft to housing (Take countermeasure to reduce offset) Uneven wear Wear track width is uneven. Max. and Min. wear areas are located 18 apart. (Main and minor lips show opposite pattern.) Inclined seal was mounted into housing 1) Improper housing ore diameter 2) Improper housing ore chamfer 3) Improper housing ore corner radius 4) Improper mounting tool Correct housing ore diameter (See Tale on page 19.) Correct housing ore chamfer (See Fig on page 2.) Correct housing ore corner radius (See Fig on page 2.) Improve mounting tool (Consult JTEKT.) Uneven wear Rough face and streaks on lip Rough face and streaks on sealing edge 1) Entry of foreign materials 2) Poor lurication Attach prevention device for entry of foreign materials Improve lurication 33

37 1.8 Causes of seal failures and countermeasures Tale Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (3) Oil leakage from lip (3) 34 Symptom Phenomenon Causes Countermeasures Tear at seal heel ottom Lip deformation Lip face contact Lip tear Blister Reduction of tightening interference due to ruer hardened Whole lip face shows sliding contact pattern Blister Tear No anormality on seal ut oil leakage is oserved 1) Improper handling 2) Excessive inside pressure 3) Reaction y impact pressure Oil temperature rose up during operation 1) Excessive inside pressure happened 2) Minus pressure happened etween lips 3) Big shaft runout 4) Larger shaft diameter 1) Caused y Stick slip a) No or poor lurication ) Mirror surface finish on shaft c) Excessive shaft surface speed 2) Impact pressure Increased agglomeration of high-temperature oil that entered the sliding surface a) Deterioration of lurication (directly under lip) ) Mirror finish on shaft surface c) Higher peripheral speed d) Higher radial lip load 1) Smaller shaft diameter 2) Improper shaft roughness 3) Damages on shaft 4) Lead machining on shaft 5) Poor lip followaility a) Big shaft runout ) Big housing-ore eccentricity c) Small interference d) Lip high rigidity e) Poor low temperature resistance 6) Wrong direction of seal mounting 7) Adhesion of foreign particles at mounting Improve handling manner (Consult JTEKT.) Apply high pressure proof seal or reather (vent) Prevention of impact pressure y design change of machine structure Change ruer to high temperature proof ruer (See Tale on page 16.) Examination of and countermeasure against the cause of temperature increase are required. Prevent excess pressure (change of machine structure) Give clearance for minor lip Improve shaft accuracy Correct shaft diameter Improve lurication including preluricating on seal Correct shaft surface finish to (.1-.32) µmra and (.8-2.5) µmrz Review machine structure to reduce impact pressure Improve lip lurication Correct shaft surface finish to (.1-.32) µmra and (.8-2.5) µmrz Reduce radial lip load of oil seal Improve and correct shaft accuracy Improve shaft surface finish (.1-.32) µmra and (.8-2.5) µmrz Remove sharp corners and urrs, or replace shaft Change the grinding method (avoid axial feed) Reduce center offset (Consult JTEKT.) Improve and correct shaft accuracy Use low torque seal Change ruer material to low temperature proof one (See Tale on page 16) Correct seal direction Improve handling manner

38 Tale Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (4) Oil leakage from seal fitting area (1) Symptom Phenomenon Causes Countermeasures Peeling, scuffing on O.D wall Damages on O.D wall 1) Smaller housing ore 2) In adequate housing ore chamfer 3) Rough housing ore surface finish 4) Centering offset etween housing and seal mounting 1) Burrs on housing ore 2) Damages, or lowholes on housing ore Correct housing ore diameter (See Tale on page 19.) Correct housing ore chamfer (See Fig on page 2.) Optimize the housing ore roughness Improve mounting tool and handling manner (See Figs to on page 27 to 28.) Remove urrs, chips Repair housing ore to eliminate damage, lowhole Deformation Deformation 1) Smaller housing ore 2) Small housing ore chamfer 3) Improper seal mounting tool Correct housing ore diameter (See Tale on page 19.) Correct housing ore chamfer (See Fig on page 2.) Improve mounting tool (Consult JTEKT.) Seal inclined mounting Uneven fitting marks on seal O.D face 1) Smaller housing ore 2) Small housing ore chamfer 3) Poor parallel accuracy etween mounting tool and housing Correct housing ore diameter (See Tale on page 19.) Correct housing ore chamfer (See Fig on page 2.) Improve mounting tool (Consult JTEKT.) Inclined fitting mark Oil seal fallout Housing Shaft Fall-out 1) Larger housing ore 2) Smaller oil seal O.D 3) Improper oil seal press-fit position 4) Deformation of housing Use appropriate housing ore diameter (See Tale on page 19.) Optimize the oil seal outer dimensions Improve the outer circumference design (metal O.D wall, HR seal) Correct the oil seal press-fit position (Consult JTEKT.) Improve the rigidity of housing 35

39 1.8 Causes of seal failures and countermeasures Tale Causes of seal failures and countermeasures (5) Oil leakage from seal fitting area (2) Symptom Phenomenon Causes Countermeasures No anormality on seal ut oil leakage is oserved 1) Larger housing ore 2) Smaller seal O.D 3) Rough housing ore surface finish 4) Damages or lowholes on housing ore 5) Wrong direction of seal mounting Correct housing ore diameter (See Tale on page 19.) Replace seal Improve housing ore surface finish (See Tale on page 2.) (In urgent cases, apply liquid gasket to housing ore.) Remove damages and lowholes Correct seal direction 36

40 1.9 Seal dimensional tales (Contents) Type Page Standard type seals Metal O.D wall seals d1 7~54 Ruer O.D wall seals d1 6~3 HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA 38 YS type seals d1 22~1 64 YS YSN YSA YSAN 56 Assemled seals d1 41~44 HMSH HMSAH HMSH...J HMSH...J HMSH...J 72 Full ruer seals d1 1~3 53 MS 78 Special seals MORGOIL seals Seal inner rings d1 167~1 593 MS...J MS...NJ H...J H...JM H...PJ 84 Scale seals Scale covers d 195~1 595 WR WR...BJ WR...RJ, MH...J H...J 86 Water seals d ~1 46 XMH XM, XMHE 9 V-rings d 38~875 MV...A 92 The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 37

41 Oil seals Standard types d1 6~(16) HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 6~(13) ud Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 (13)~(16) ud Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F

42 Oil seals Standard types d1 (16)~2 HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 (16)~(19) ud Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 (19)~2 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall ud1 ud Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F

43 Oil seals Standard types d1 21~(28) HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 21~(25) ud Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 (25)~(28) Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall ud1 ud Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F

44 Oil seals Standard types d1 (28)~(35) HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 (28)~(3) ud Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 (3)~(35) Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall ud1 ud Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F

45 Oil seals Standard types d1 (35)~(5) HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 (35)~(4) ud Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 (4)~(5) ud ud1 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F

46 Oil seals Standard types d1 (5)~(7) HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 (5)~(58) ud Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 (58)~(7) ud ud1 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D N A S N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F

47 Oil seals Standard types d1 (7)~(13) HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 (7)~88 ud Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 9~(13) Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F 5 51 ud ud1 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall

48 Oil seals Standard types d1 (13)~(28) HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 (13)~(19) ud Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D ud1 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F d1 (19)~(28) Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F ud d1 D ud1 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall

49 Oil seals Standard types d1 (28)~67 HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: HMSA55729( mm). 4) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, A: acrylic ruer, S: silicone ruer, and F: fluoro ruer. 5) Consult JTEKT separately for information on inventory, delivery, and production lots. d1 (28)~67 Metal O.D wall Ruer O.D wall ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm HM HMA HMS HMSA MH MHA MHS MHSA d1 D N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F N A S F

50 Oil seals YS type d1 22~335 YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d1 22~(31) d1 (31)~335 Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

51 Oil seals YS type d ~(4) YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d ~365 d1 37~(4) Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

52 Oil seals YS type d1 (4)~46 YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d1 (4)~(425) d1 (425)~46 Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

53 Oil seals YS type d ~55 YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d ~51 d1 514~55 Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

54 Oil seals YS type d1 558~647.7 YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d1 558~(6) d1 (6)~647.7 Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

55 Oil seals YS type d1 65~(81) YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d1 65~723.9 d1 73~(81) Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

56 Oil seals YS type d1 (81)~(1 ) YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d1 (81)~(889) d1 (889)~(1 ) Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

57 Oil seals YS type d1 (1 )~1 64 YS YSN YSA YSAN Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns molding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional 5) Seals with spacer are availale. Seal numer with spacer is refered on right side page. 6) Ruer code N represents nitrile ruer, Example of seal numer with spacer (Various width spacers are availale as like 1 mm.) Example 1 YS D5 Example 2 Spacer width: 5 mm YS D5 Spacer width: 5 mm numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). F: fluoro ruer, and Example: YS ( mm). K: hydrogenated nitrile ruer. 4) Seal numer marked have suffix -1. d1 (1 )~1 5 d Seal type Seal type ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F ud ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm YS YSN YSA YSAN d1 D N F K N F K N F N F

58 Oil seals Assemled seals d1 41~44 HMSH Seals with reinforcing inner metal ring Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. ud ud1 HMSH d1 41~(195) d1 (195)~(24) Boundary dimensions, mm Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No. d1 D Seal No HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH d1 (24)~(33) d1 (33)~44 Boundary dimensions, mm Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No. d1 D Seal No HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH HMSH

59 Oil seals Assemled seals d1 68~34 HMSAH Seals with reinforcing inner metal ring Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. ud HMSAH ud1 d1 68~34 Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH HMSAH

60 Oil seals Assemled seals d1 117~45 1 HMSH...J Seals with reinforcing inner metal ring 1 1 ud ud1 ud ud1 u ud ud1 u Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. 3) Consult JTEKT for drain-provided seals. d1 117~27 d1 28~45 Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D 1 Seal No. Design Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D 1 Seal No. Design HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J HMSH J

61 Oil seals Full ruer seals d1 1~34 MS ud MS Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D ud1 Mounting example Seal No. Mounting width = Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. 3) Mounting width deviation should e as specified in the tale elow: Mounting width deviation (Unit : mm) Mounting width = Deviation Up to 6.1 ~.2 Over 6 up to 1.1 ~.3 Over 1 up to 18.1 ~.4 Over 18 up to 3.1 ~.5 d1 1~1 d1 15~16 d1 165~235 d1 238~34 Seal No. Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No. Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS

62 Oil seals Full ruer seals d1 35~1 76 MS ud MS Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D ud1 Mounting example Seal No. Mounting width = Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. 3) Mounting width deviation should e as specified in the tale elow: Mounting width deviation (Unit : mm) Mounting width = Deviation Up to 6.1 ~.2 Over 6 up to 1.1 ~.3 Over 1 up to 18.1 ~.4 Over 18 up to 3.1 ~.5 d1 35~48 d1 49~61 d1 63~92 d1 93~1 76 Seal No. Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No. Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS

63 Oil seals Full ruer seals d1 1 88~3 53 MS ud MS d1 1 88~3 53 Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D ud1 Mounting example Seal No. Mounting width = Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. 3) Mounting width deviation should e as specified in the tale elow: Mounting width deviation (Unit : mm) Mounting width = Deviation Up to 6.1 ~.2 Over 6 up to 1.1 ~.3 Over 1 up to 18.1 ~.4 Over 18 up to 3.1 ~ MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS MS

64 Oil seals MORGOIL seals d1 167~1 593 MS..J MS..NJ H..J H..JM H..PJ MORGOIL seals Seal inner rings 1 Mounting example ud ud1 ud ud1 MS..J MS..NJ ud1 u Design 1 Design 2 Design 3 Design 4 Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. Note 1) Special type code B represents "with a steel and" and W represents "with a wire." d1 167~936 d1 962~1 593 MORGOIL seals Seal inner rings MORGOIL seals Seal inner rings Boundary dimensions, mm Boundary dimensions, mm Boundary dimensions, mm Boundary dimensions, mm d1 D Seal No. 1) D1 1 Seal inner ring No. Design d1 D Seal No. 1) D1 1 Seal inner ring No. Design MS 1 J H 1 J MS 14 J H 14 J MS 16 J H 16 J MS 18 J H 18 J MS 21 J H 21 J 1 MS 21 JBW MS 24 J H 24 J MS 38 J H 38 J 1 MS 38 JB MS 38 NJBW MS 4 J H 4 J MS 42 J H 42 J 1 H 42 JM MS 44 J H 44 J 1 MS 44 JB H 44 JM 2 MS 44 NJBW H 44 PJ MS 46 J H 46 J 1 H 46 JM 2 MS 46 NJBW H 46 NJM MS 48 J H 48 J 1 MS 48 JB H 48 JM 2 MS 48 JW MS 48 NJBW MS 5 J H 5 J 1 MS 5 JB H 5 J 1 H 5 JM 2 H 5 PJ 3 MS 5 NJ HM 5 NJP 3 MS 5 NJB, NJBW MS 52 J H 52 JM MS 54 NJBW H 54 NJP MS 54 J H 54 J 2 MS 54 JB H 54 JM 2 H 54 PJ H 54 SNJP MS 56 SJ H 56 J 1 MS 56 SJB H 56 JM 2 H 56 PJ 3 MS 56 NJ H 56 NJP 3 MS 56 NJBW H 56 NJM 2 H 56 NJP MS 6 NJBW H 6 NJP MS 68 J MS 8 J H 8 JMP MS 82 J H 82 JMP

65 Oil seals Scale seals d 195~1 595 WR 1 ud Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. 3) Consult JTEKT for drain-provided seals. ud ud ud ud1 WR d 195~74 d 76~1 595 Boundary dimensions, mm d D 1 d1 Scale seal No. D mm Fixing holes d mm Hole Q'ty (equally spaced) WR WR WR WR WR WR WR WR WR 29 N WR Special WR WR J WR Special WR 335 N WR WR J WR WR WR WR Special WR WR 42 N WR J WR WR WR WR WR Special WR 458 N WR 49 N WR WR WR 645 N WR WR Boundary dimensions, mm d D Scale seal No d1 D mm Fixing holes 6 82 WR 76 N WR WR WR WR WR WR WR WR J d mm Hole Q'ty (equally spaced) Special

66 Oil seals Scale seals d 28~ WR...BJ Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. 3) Consult JTEKT for drain-provided seals. 1 ud ud ud1 WR...BJ d 28~ Boundary dimensions, mm d d1 1 D Scale seal No WR BJ WR BJ 25 4 WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ WR BJ 88

67 Oil seals Scale seals d1 21~1 23 Scale seal WR...RJ MH...J H...J Scale cover c 1 c1 Remarks 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a ud ud representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. 3) Consult JTEKT for drain-provided seals. ud ud WR...RJ MH...J d1 21~1 23 ud1 ud1 ud H...J u Boundary dimensions, mm Scale cover Fixing holes d1 D 1 Scale seal No. Boundary dimensions, mm D1 c c1 Scale cover No. D mm d mm Hole Q'ty (equally spaced) MH J H J Special WR RJ MH J MH J H J Special MH J WR RJ H J MH J H J 65 1 Special WR RJ H J WR RJ MH J H J Special MH J H J Special H J Special MH J H J WR RJ 75 1 Special MH J MH J H J MH J H J MH J H J Special MH J H J 9 1 Special WR RJ WR RJ WR RJ WR RJ WR RJ WR RJ H J MH J H J MH J H J MH J H J Special 89

68 Oil seals Water seals d ~1 46 XMH XM XMHE ud XMH ud1 Boundary dimensions, mm ud XM XMHE ud1 Remarks 1) For seals marked, JTEKT owns moulding dies for production. 2) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 3) Seal numer is constructed y comination of type code and dimensional numers (ore diameter, outside diameter and width). Example: XMHE ( mm) 4) All seals use nitrile ruer. d ~94 d1 98~1 46 Seal type Boundary dimensions, mm Seal type d1 D XMH XM XMHE d1 D XMH XM XMHE

69 Oil seals V-rings d 38~875 MV...A A d 38~875 1 ud1 MV...A Shaft diameter Remarks u 2 ud ud3 1) The cross-sectional view indicates a representative oil seal shape. 2) All seals use nitrile ruer. Boundary dimensions, mm Mounted dimensions, mm V-ring No. d, mm (from~to) d1 A 1 (max.) d3 (min.) 2 MV 4 A 38 ~ MV 6 A 58 ~ d + 3 d ± 1. MV 9 A 88 ~ MV 1 A 98 ~ d ± 1.2 MV 12 A 115 ~ MV 14 A 135 ~ MV 15 A 145 ~ MV 17 A 165 ~ MV 199 A 195 ~ d d d + 5 d ± ± 1.8 MV 25 A 235 ~ MV 275 A 265 ~ MV 325 A MV 35 A MV 375 A 31 ~ ~ ~ MV 4 A 39 ~ MV 45 A 43 ~ d + 1 d ± 4. MV 5 A 48 ~ MV 55 A 53 ~ MV 65 A 63 ~ MV 75 A 745 ~ MV 8 A 785 ~ MV 85 A 83 ~

70 2 O-Rings 2.1 Classification of O-ring and ackup ring (1) O-ring classification and application guide (2) Backup ring types and material Numering systems of O-ring and ackup ring (1) O-ring designation numers (2) Backup ring designation numers Selection of O-ring (1) O-ring materials (2) Selection of O-ring material (3) Selection of cross section diameter O-ring technical principles... 1 (1) Sealing mechanism... 1 (2) Backup ring... 1 (3) O-rings for dynamic sealing... 1 (4) O-rings for static sealing of cylindrical surface... 1 (5) O-rings for static sealing of flat surface (6) O-rings for vacuum flanges (7) Installation in triangular groove Fitting groove design for O-ring (1) Compression amount and compression rate (2) Extrusion into gap from fitting groove (3) Fitting groove surface roughness (4) Chamfer of installation location (5) Material and surface finishing of fitting groove parts Handling of O-ring (1) Storage (2) Handling Typical O-ring failures, causes and countermeasures O-ring dimensional tales (Contents)

71 2.1 Classification of O-ring and ackup ring 2.1 Classification of O-ring and ackup ring (1) O-ring classification and application guide O-rings are used in a various machines as a compact sealing component. O-rings can generally e classified into dynamic applications ("packing") and static applications ("gaskets"). Other classification is according to their properties, such as oil resistance. O-rings are specified in the industrial standards listed in Tale Tale O-ring classification and application guide Application General industrial machines Automoiles Aircraft Standard JIS B 241 Classification Material Application JIS code NBR-7-1 NBR-9 NBR-7-2 EPDM-7 EPDM-9 VMQ-7 FKM-7 FKM-9 HNBR-7 HNBR-9 ACM-7 SBR-7 Remarks (hardness measured y type A durometer) Mineral oil resistance (A7) Mineral oil resistance (A9) Gasoline resistance (A7) Animal oil, vegetale oil, and rake fluid resistance (A7) Animal oil, vegetale oil, and rake fluid resistance (A9) High-temperature application resistance (A7) High-temperature application resistance (A7) High-temperature application resistance (A9) Mineral oil and high-temperature application resistance (A7) Mineral oil and high-temperature application resistance (A9) High-temperature application and mineral oil resistance (A7) Animal oil and vegetale oil resistance (A7) P: For dynamic use and static sealing V: For vacuum flanges G: For static sealing S: For slim static sealing (not standardized in the JIS) : Not standardized in the JIS Old JIS identification code Class 1-A Class 1-B Class 2 Class 3 Class 4-C Class 4-D Class 3 Old ISO 361 Remarks For mineralased fluids Class: JIS NBR-7-1 For general industrial use Material class Class 1-A Class 2 Class 3 Class 4-C Class 4-D Class 4-E Class 5 JASO F 44 Remarks General mineral oil resistance Gasoline resistance Animal oil, vegetale oil, and rake fluid resistance High-temperature application resistance High-temperature application resistance High-temperature application resistance Coolant resistance For dynamic use and static sealing AS 568 AS 28775A Remarks For mineral-ased fluids Class: JIS NBR-7-1 NBR-9 FKM-7 For static sealing (2) Backup ring types and material Backup rings are used with O-rings to prevent O-ring protrusion from the groove. Backup rings are used for dynamic sealing and for static sealing of cylindrical surface. Tale shows ackup ring types and material. O-ring Backup rings Fig O-ring installation with ackup rings Tale Backup ring types and material Applicale standard JIS B 247 Type T1: Spiral ring T2: Bias-cut ring T3: Endless ring Shape Material Applications Tetrafluoroethylene resin For dynamic sealing / static sealing of cylindrical surface 94

72 2.2 Numering systems of O-ring and ackup ring (1) O-ring designation numers O-ring designation numer consists of material code, application code, and dimensional code. Example Tale O-ring numering system P JIS product 1) 1B G 8... JIS product 1) 2 JASO JASO product 2) AS AS product 3) B 212G... ISO product 4) Dimensional code Application code Material code Notes 1) JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards 2) JASO: Japanese Automoile Standard Organization 3) AS: Aeronautical Standard 4) ISO: International Organization for Standardization 1) Material codes 2) Application codes Code Standard (JIS B 241) None NBR-7-1 1B NBR-9 2 NBR SBR-7 4C VMQ-7 4D FKM-7 4E ACM-7 4F FKM-9 5 5A EPDM-7 5B EPDM-9 6A HNBR-7 6B HNBR-9 : Not standardized in the JIS (2) Backup ring designation numers Standard JASO F 44 Class1-A Class2 Class3 Class4-C Class4-D Class4-E Class5 Code Standard Remarks For dynamic use and static sealing P JIS B G For static sealing V For vacuum flanges S Slim series For static sealing JASO JASO F 44 For dynamic use and static sealing AS 568 For static sealing AS For dynamic use and static sealing AS 28775A A B C D E Old ISO 361 For general industrial use Backup ring designation numer consists of type code and the O-ring numer for which the ackup ring is applied. Tale Backup ring numering system Example T1 P5 O-ring numer Type code Type codes Code Backup ring shape T1 Spiral T2 Bias-cut T3 Endless Remark) Backup ring types and shapes are listed in Tale

73 2.3 Selection of O-ring 2.3 Selection of O-ring (1) O-ring materials Materials conforming to JIS B 241 or JASO F 44 standards are mainly used. Major ruer materials and their physical properties are listed in Tale Consult JTEKT for special materials to suit a wide variety of applications. Compression set test Immersion test Low-temperature rittleness test Low-temperature elastic recovery test Corrosion test Tale O-ring ruer materials and their physical properties Applicale standards Class JIS B 241 NBR-7-1 NBR-9 NBR-7-2 HNBR-7 HNBR-9 SBR-7 3) VMQ-7 FKM-7 FKM-9 ACM-7 EPDM-7 EPDM-9 JASO F 44 Class 1-A Class 2 Class 3 Class 4-C Class 4-D Class 4-E Class 5 Hydrogenated Hydrogenated Styrene-utadiene ruer ruer ruer ruer propylene ruer propylene ruer propylene ruer Silicone Fluoro Fluoro Ethylene- Ethylene- Ethylene- Ruer materials, Applications Nitrile ruer Nitrile ruer Nitrile ruer Acrylic ruer nitrile nitrile (NBR) (NBR) (NBR) (ACM) ruer (HNBR) ruer (HNBR) (SBR) (VMQ) (FKM) (FKM) (EPDM) (EPDM) (EPDM) Test items Mineral oil resistance Gasoline Mineral oil and high-temperature Animal oil and vegetale oil resistance and rake fluid resistance resistance and rake fluid resistance Animal oil, vegetale oil, Coolant Animal oil, vegetale oil, High-temperature application resistance resistance application resistance Normal properties Hardness y durometer type A 1) A7 ± 5 A9 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A9 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A9 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A7 ± 5 A9 ± 5 Tensile strength (MPa), min Elongation (%), min Tensile stress (MPa), min. (at 1 % elongation) Aging tests Temperature and duration 12 C, 72h 1 C, 72h 15 C, 72h 1 C, 7h 23 C, 72h 23 C, 72h 15 C, 72h 1 C 72h 12 C, 7h 1 C, 72h Change in hardness, max Change in tensile strength (%), max Change in elongation (%), max Temperature and duration 12 C, 72h 1 C, 72h 15 C, 72h 1 C, 7h 175 C, 72h 2 C, 72h 2 C, 72h 15 C, 72h 1 C, 72h 12 C, 7h 1 C, 72h Compression set (%), max Temperature, duration, and 12 C, 72h 23 C, 72h testing oil IRM91 2) fuel oil No.1 2) Change in hardness 5 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ Change in tensile strength (%), max Change in elongation (%), max Change in volume (%) 8 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ + 5 ~ + 12 ~ ~ ~ ~ + 5 ~ ~ + 5 ~ + 12 Temperature, duration, and 12 C, 72h 23 C, 72h testing oil IRM93 2) fuel oil No.2 2) Change in elongation (%), max Change in volume (%) ~ + 2 ~ + 2 ~ + 3 ~ + 3 ~ ~ ~ + 5 ~ + 3 Brittleness limit temperature ( C), max TR1 value ( C), max Temperature and duration 7 ± 1 C 24h Appearance The ruer shall not corrode the metal with which it is in contact nor shall the ruer ecome sticky. However, changes in metal surface color shall not e judged as corrosion. Notes 1) Instantaneous values have een used. 2) For details, see the appendix of JIS B ) Not standardized in the JIS. 15 C, 72h 1 C, 7h 175 C, 72h 175 C, 72h 15 C, 72h 1 C, 72h 1 C, 7h 1 C, 72h IRM91 2) rake fluid 2) IRM91 2) IRM91 2) IRM91 2) rake fluid 2) coolant rake fluid 2) 15 C, 72h 175 C 72h 175 C 72h 15 C 72h IRM93 2) IRM93 2) IRM93 2) IRM93 2) Change in hardness 15 ~ 1 ~ ~ 15 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Change in tensile strength (%), max

74 2.3 Selection of O-ring (2) Selection of O-ring material (3) Selection of cross section diameter O-rings have contact with sustances to e sealed. Therefore, material should e chemically stale to such sustances. Tale elow lists the sustances with which each ruer material can remain stale. Consult JTEKT for further details. Tale O-ring ruer materials and their staility to fluids : Resistant to the sustance : Resistant to the sustance except under extreme conditions : Not resistant to the sustance except under specific favorale conditions : Not resistant to the sustance Applicale standard Class JIS B 241 NBR-7-1 NBR-9 NBR-7-2 HNBR-7 HNBR-9 SBR-7 VMQ-7 FKM-7 FKM-9 ACM-7 EPDM-7 EPDM-9 JASO F 44 Class 1-A Class 2 Class 3 Class 4-C Class 4-D Class 4-E Class 5 Ruer materials Nitrile ruer Nitrile ruer Nitrile ruer Hydrogenated Hydrogenated Styrene-utadiene ruer propylene Silicone ruer Fluoro ruer Fluoro ruer Acrylic ruer (ACM) er (EPDM) Ethylene-propylene ru- Ethylene- nitrile ruer nitrile ruer (NBR) (NBR) (NBR) (HNBR) (HNBR) SBR (VMQ) (FKM) (FKM) ruer (EPDM) Operating temperature range ( C) (Guidance) 3 ~ 1 25 ~ 1 25 ~ 8 3 ~ ~ 14 5 ~ 8 5 ~ 2 15 ~ 2 1 ~ 2 15 ~ ~ 13 4 ~ 13 Ozone resistance Flame resistance Radiation resistance Coal gas Liquefied petroleum gas Gear oil Engine oil Machine oil Spindle oil Lithium grease Silicone grease Cup grease Refrigeration oil (mineral oil) Turine oil Torque-converter oil Brake fluid Silicone oil Phosphoric ester Water + glycol Oil + water emulsion Gasoline Light oil and kerosene Heavy oil Cold water and warm water Steam and hot water Water including antifreeze fluid Water-ased cutting oil Trichloroethylene Alcohol Benzene Ethylene glycol Acetone Hydrochloric acid 2 % Sulfuric-acid 3 % Nitric-acid 1 % Caustic soda 3 % The most common material High resistance to oil, arasion High resistance to fuel oils, such as gasoline, Superior to the NBR-7-1 in terms of ozone resistance, oil Highest resistance to animal oil and vegetale Superior in ozone resistance, heat resistance and electrical insulation resistance Features oil, Hardness: A7 and heat light oil and resistance, and Hardness: A7 kerosene heat resistance such as Hardness: A7 rake fluid Weatheraility Resistance to lurication oils Resistance to hydraulic fluids Resistance to fuel oils and water Chemical resistance Not standardized in the JIS. Harder and higher pressureresistance than NBR- 7-1 (Class 1-A ruer) Same properties as NBR-7-1 (Class 1-A ruer) in other respects Hardness: A9 Superior to the HNBR-7 in terms of hardness and resistance to pressure Same properties as the HNBR-7 in other respects Hardness: A9 High resistance to high and low temperature Excellent selfrestoration after compression, under a wide temperature range Highest resistance to oils, chemicals, and heat Useful over a wide temperature range Hardness: A7 When sealing fluid with O-ring, design the O-ring so that the depth of groove for fitting it is smaller than the thickness of the O-ring to compress (squeeze) it (provide compression amount). Determine this compression carefully, ecause O-rings may ecome permanently deformed if squeezed excessively, thus deteriorating sealing performance. Generally, the compression rate of an O-ring should e etween 8 % and 3 % in ring cross section diameter (the lower limit of 8 % for sufficient sealing performance and the upper limit of 3 % for limited compression set.). Fig shows the relation etween O-ring cross section diameter and compression set Harder and higher pressureresistance than FKM- 7 (Class 4-D ruer) Same properties as FKM-7 (Class 4-D ruer) in other respects Hardness: A9 Superior to nitrile ruer in terms of heat resistance and oil resistance Especially resistant to high-temperature oil Harder and higher pressureresistance than EPDM-7 (Class 5 ruer) Same properties as EPDM-7 (Class 5 ruer) in other respects Hardness: A9 Compression set (%) Compression: 25 % (tested in air at 1 : for 7 hours) (mm) O-ring cross section diameter Fig Relation etween O-ring cross section diameter and compression set Larger cross section diameter offers more stale sealing performance. As shown in Fig , when the O- ring compression rate is constant (25 % in the figure), the larger cross section diameter shows the smaller the compression set. Larger cross section diameter is advantageous in that it can accommodate errors in installation dimensions as well. In dynamic-sealing applications, larger cross section diameter is less likely to twist during service or during installation. The largest cross section diameter possile should e selected providing it can fit in the availale space.

75 2.4 O-ring technical principles 2.4 O-ring technical principles (1) Sealing mechanism Fig shows how O-ring can e deformed under pressure. Extrusion into gap High pressure O-ring installed in a groove with compression (compression rate) of 8 % to 3 % provides a self-seal y its elasticity when the pressure is low. When operation pressure is higher, the O-ring is pressed against one side of the groove, providing etter sealing. However, under extremely high pressure, the O-ring partially is pressed out from groove into the gap and may e damaged, and deteriorated sealing performance. For such high-pressure applications, one or two ackup rings should e applied to prevent extrusion into gap. (2) Backup ring Backup rings are used for dynamic sealing and for static sealing of cylindrical surface. Two ackup rings should e installed on oth sides of O- ring when high pressure is put on the O-ring in two directions. One ackup ring is installed on low pressure side of O-ring when high pressure is applied in one direction. Even when extrusion into gap does not occur under low pressure, ackup rings are recommended ecause they can extend O-ring service life y preventing O-ring tearing or damage, which are the most common causes of O-ring failures. One each ackup ring is installed on oth sides of O-ring normally (total is two ackup rings). However, if space does not allow this, one ackup ring should e installed on the lower-pressure side. The O-ring extrusion varies depending on applied pressure, O-ring hardness and gap amount on the cylindrical surface. Refer to Fig , "O-ring extrusion limit values," when using ackup rings. 1 Low pressure Medium pressure O-ring Backup ring Fig O-ring deformation under pressure Backup rings of endless design (T3) are the most advantageous in the prevention of extrusion into the gap. However, those of spiral design (T1) and ias-cut design (T2) can e more easily installed. Backup rings of spiral design are most commonly used. Use ackup rings of spiral design with a pressure etween 1 MPa and 2 MPa. If the operating temperature exceeds 1 C, use ackup rings of spiral design with a pressure of less than 1 MPa. Backup rings of ias-cut design excel at protecting O- rings at pressures ranging from 15 MPa to 2 MPa and aove. Backup rings of endless design are suited to use with pressures exceeding 25 MPa and temperatures exceeding 135 C. All Koyo ackup rings are made from tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin, which is chemically stale to all media under a wide range of temperatures and is resistant to corrosion. (3) O-rings for dynamic sealing (Reciprocal movement) When fitting groove is provided on the piston, use two O-rings to ensure improved service life and sealing performance (Fig ). Pack grease etween the two O-rings in a non-lurication application. Recommended grease is lithium soap ase with NLGI No. 2. When fitting groove is provided on the cylinder, use a dust seal as well and pack grease etween the O-ring and dust seal. Groove on piston Pack grease for non-lurication applications Groove on cylinder Min. 2 Dust seal Min. 2 Pack grease : O-ring cross section diameter Fig Typical installation of O-ring for dynamic sealing For the installation of O-rings on cast cylinders or for low-friction dynamic-sealing applications, consult JTEKT. (4) O-rings for static sealing of cylindrical surface When O-ring is used under low pressure with the compression rate close to the minimal of 8 %, the fitting groove accuracy affects sealing performance so much, so that the groove accuracy should e controlled at the same level as the fitting groove of dynamic sealing.

76 Clogging Fig O-ring slack and clogging Even when an O-ring is selected in accordance with the dimensional tale values and groove dimensions, the O-ring may ecome slack due to dimensional deviation and installation method, which may e caused y the reason why the O-ring is unduly caught etween the groove and housing (Fig ). Especially large size O-rings must e installed with care to avoid ring slack. To prevent ring slack for the ring size of 15 mm or more, a slightly smaller size O-ring may e used rather than one that exactly fits the groove dimensions after determining the O-ring compression amount carefully. Consult JTEKT for this method. (5) O-rings for static sealing of flat surface Determine the O-ring compression amount to e slightly larger than in other applications. If the O-ring is exposed to internal pressure, the O-ring outside diameter should e determined, according to groove diameter ud7. When the O-ring is exposed to external pressure, O-ring ore diameter should e determined according to groove diameter ud8 (see Fig (a) and ()). (a) For internal pressure d7: Groove O.D : Groove width () For external pressure ud7 ud8 If the O-ring is exposed to pressure in one direction, the groove side face on the high-pressure side can e eliminated for easy machining (Fig (c)). In this case, dimension B should e greater than the minimum of the groove width (Fig (a)) used in flat surface static-sealing application. In the case of internal-pressure applications and O-ring size is small (3 mm or less), groove outside diameter ud7 should e.2 to.3 mm larger to ensure correct O- ring installation. In the case of thin O-ring (cross section diameter 3 mm or less) of large size (15 mm or more), it may e installed on the groove incorrectly and partially protruding from the groove, which results in cutting off of O- ring. Such a situation must e avoided. Use thicker O- ring to prevent such a protrusion (Fig ). This portion may e cut off ud7 d7: Groove O.D For internal pressure (6) O-rings for vacuum flanges This portion may e cut off In vacuum applications, O-rings are used to seal in gases. Therefore, fitting groove surfaces should e carefully machined and finished. To select a suitale ruer material to meet vacuum grade, consult JTEKT. (7) Installation in triangular groove ud8 d8: Groove I.D For external pressure Fig O-ring protrusion When O-ring is installed on the interior angle on a shaft or flange, the A dimension of the triangular groove should e 1.3 to 1.4 times of the O-ring cross section diameter (Fig ). d8: Groove I.D : Groove width 45 (c) For internal pressure B: Seat width B A =(1.3~1.4) : O-ring cross section diameter Fig Triangular-groove dimensions Fig Fitting groove for static sealing of flat surface 11

77 2.5 Fitting groove design for O-ring 2.5 Fitting groove design for O-ring (1) Compression amount and compression rate Tale lists the JIS-standard of O-ring Compression amount and compression rate. See dimension tale for each groove dimensions corresponding to O-ring numer. Compression amounts of standards other than JIS are shown in respective dimensional tales. Fig shows the details of relation etween the shape of groove and the compression amount and compression rate. C r1 r1 (unit : mm) 1) Groove depth K Determine dimension h to otain O-ring compression rate etween 8 % and 3%. Determine the radial gap y the consideration that the doule radial gap (gap in diameter) should e less than the value shown in Fig Compression amount = h Compression rate = h x 1 (%) : O-ring cross section diameter K h 12 O-ring numer Tale O-ring compression amount and compression rate O-ring dimensions, mm Compression amount and compression rate For dynamic sealing /static sealing of cylindrical surface For static sealing of flat surface mm % mm % Cross section Bore diameter d1 Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. diameter P3 ~ P1 1.9 ± ~ P1A ~ P ~ ±.9 P2 ~ P ~ 21.8 P22A ~ P ~ ±.1 P41 ~ P5 4.7 ~ 49.7 P48A ~ P ~ 69.6 P71 ~ P ± ~ P13 ~ P ~ P15A~ P ~ P185 ~ P3 8.4 ± ~ P315 ~ P ~ G25 ~ G ~ 39.4 G45 ~ G ~ ±.1 G75 ~ G ~ G13 ~ G ~ G15 ~ G ~ ±.13 G185 ~ G ~ Tolerances of O-ring ore diameter d1 are given in the dimensional tale of the O-rings. 2) Groove width Determine groove width y the consideration that O-ring should not occupy more than 9 % of the groove space. Occupancy percentage = π x ( / 2) 2 x 1 (%) x h Fig Relation etween shape of groove and compression amount (rate)

78 (2) Extrusion into gap from fitting groove The O-ring and ackup ring extrusion into the gap from the fitting groove on cylindrical surfaces is mainly related to the gap amount of the cylindrical surface. Pressure of fluid to e sealed or O-ring hardness also influence. Fig shows the relation etween these factors. (MPa) Fluid pressure Extrusion does not occur Extrusion occurs Backup ring made of tetrafluoroethylene resin A7 A Maximum diametrical gap <O-ring test conditions> 1. Without ackup ring 2. Expansion of cylinder inner diameter due to internal pressure of cylinder is not included. 3. These results were otained after 1 thousand cycles at 2.5 Hz etween zero pressure to the pressure specified in the diagram. Expansion of cylinder inner diameter due to internal pressure of cylinder is not taken into consideration for the gap in the diagram aove. If any expansion of the cylinder inner diameter may occur, the gap should e 75% of the values shown in the diagram, taking expansion of the gap into consideration. Also, if an O-ring exceeds the values of the gaps in the figure aove, use a ackup ring. (3) Fitting groove surface roughness O-ring A9 Ruer hardness (mm) Fig O-ring and ackup ring extrusion limit values Fitting groove surface should e finished as specified in Tale elow for the O-ring to have sufficient sealing performance and long service life, and to minimize frictional resistance. Tale O-ring fitting groove surface roughness Surface roughness Location Purpose Type of pressure µm Ra µm Rz Flat surface Static Constant Cylindrical surface sealing Groove side Pulsating and ottom Dynamic With ackup rings sealing Without ackup ring Static Constant O-ring sealed sealing Pulsating contact surface Dynamic sealing Chamfer area (4) Chamfer of installation location Provide chamfers on all edges of the cylinder and piston rod to prevent O-ring damage during installation, as shown in Tale Tale Chamfer of O-ring installed area 15 to 2 Remove urrs Z When O-ring is used on piston seal, do not provide a pressure hole on the area on which the O-ring slides. If the pressure hole must e installed in the area the O-ring is slid, chamfer the pressure hole (Fig.2.5.3). For the chamfering amount, see the Tale X O-ring in a free condition O-ring cross section diameter X (min.) Z 1) Over Up to At 15 At Note 1) Dimension Z is shown when dimension X is minimum. When the pressure hole is not chamfered: The protruding part is cut off Pressure hole When the pressure hole is chamfered: Chamfered Pressure hole unit : mm Installation direction Installation direction Fig Chamfer of pressure-hole edges 13

79 2.6 Handling of O-ring (5) Material and surface finishing of fitting groove parts Cylinder material for dynamic-sealing application should e steel. The most suitale piston rod material is hardened steel. Soft materials such as aluminum, rass, ronze, Monel metal and soft stainless steel are not suitale as a sliding surface material ecause of inferior in arasion resistance. For static-sealing applications, materials should have sufficient strength to normal operation pressure and should also e resistant to pulsating pressure. Surface finishing methods to minimize friction are honing, varnishing (roller varnishing), and polishing after hard nickel plating. Hard-nickel plating is preferale for the application which requires heat resistance, arasion resistance and low-friction. Tale shows materials for fitting groove parts and their compatiility Tale Groove materials and compatiility Metal Cadmium Chrome Copper Gold Iron Lead Nickel Rhodium Silver Tin Zinc Corrosion resistance Arasion resistance Contamination resistance Metal protection Static sealing O-ring Dynamic sealing 2.6 Handling of O-ring (1) Storage The following practices are advisale to keep O-ring quality for a long time. Do not store where exposed to direct sunlight. Store enclosed indoors where temperature is less than 3 C and humidity is less than 65 %. Keep O-rings away from heat or ozone sources. O-rings should e sealed completely in packages when stored. Do not hang or suspend O-rings on hooks, wires, or strings. (2) Handling For good performance of O-ring, pay attention to the points shown elow. Avoid reuse of used O-rings. When installing an O-ring, apply sealing medium (luricant) to the O-ring and contact surface. Install an O-ring in the groove without twisting it. Do not clean O-ring equipped machine with cleaning oil or gasoline and protect O-ring from cleaning oil. Otherwise, it may e swollen, causing poor sealing performance. If an O-ring passes along the threaded surface or sharp edges on it during installation, provide any mechanism to prevent the O-ring from eing damaged. When fitting an O-ring, insert the cap onto the threaded surface as shown in Fig O-ring protection cap Fig O-ring installation jig Remarks : Excellent : Acceptale : Good : No good : Compatile : Not compatile 14

80 2.7 Typical O-ring failures, causes and countermeasures When leakage is oserved, investigate the causes and implement proper countermeasures. To identify the causes, it is critical to oserve the O- ring closely and evaluate the failure in all respects, such as cylinder, piston, and medium to e sealed. Tale O-ring failures, causes and countermeasures D : Dynamic sealing S : Static sealing Phenomenon D Twist Twisted and deformed Appearance Condition Major causes 1) Excessive speed 2) Eccentric movements 3) Poor surface finish on sliding face 4) Twisted installation D Partially chipped Chipped y the ore edge, threads, or sharp corner at Chipping installation Countermeasures Replace with V-packing Improve accuracy of equipment Improve sliding surface finish Install with care(coat grease.) Round all sharp edges Use an installation jig D and S Permanent set D Arasion around the circumference D and S Partial arasion Deformed into the groove's shape Worn all round the circumference Sliding surface is partially worn 1) Exposure to repeated drastic temperature changes 2) Improper adjustment of temperature, compression, and fluid 1) Poor sliding surface finish 2) Poor lurication 3) Entry of dust or other foreign materials There are damages on sliding surface Study alternative ruer materials Study groove dimensions Improve sliding surface finish Supply sufficient lurication Clean thoroughly and use filter etc Remove damages on sliding surface and improve surface finish S Hardening Hardened and cracked when ent Operating temperature is higher than the ruer's heat resistance limit Study alternative ruer materials S Swelling Softened and swollen 1) Improper ruer material 2) Cleaned with fuel oil or other incompatile cleanser Study alternative ruer materials Clean with kerosene S Scratch Scratch marks are oserved Scratched y a thread or sharp edge at installation Use an installation jig S Protrusion The outside or inside of the ring is cut off partially or around the entire circumference 1) Inappropriate determination of pressure, gap and hardness 2) Due to swelling Restudy pressure, gap and hardness Apply ackup rings Study alternative ruer materials S Tearing The squeezed portion is cut off or chipped 1) Poor chamfer 2) Groove depth is not sufficient Improve chamfer Restudy groove depth S Crack y ozone Cracks are oserved on all over the ring Left in the air in a stretched condition Do not stretch the ring Coat grease or oil to the O- ring to avoid contact with air Study alternative ruer materials Remark) Dotted line shows original O-ring shape or size. 15

81 16

82 2.8 O-ring dimensional tales (Contents) Code O-ring dimensions (Unit mm) Application Page JIS P JIS G General industrial machines Dynamic/static sealing General industrial machines Static sealing S 2. General industrial machines 118 Bore dia. d1 Static sealing Old ISO A, B C, D E JASO AS BACKUP RING JIS V Cross section dia. Cross section dia. Cross section dia. Cross section dia. Cross section dia. Cross section dia. Cross section dia Bore dia. d1 Bore dia. d Bore dia. d1 Bore dia d d1 Bore dia. Bore dia. d1 General industrial machines Automoiles Dynamic/static sealing Aircraft Static sealing and Dynamic/static sealing For dynamic / static sealing of cylindrical surface General industrial machines For Vacuum flanges

83 P 3~35 Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9, VMQ-7, FKM-7, FKM-9, O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) P 3~35 Notes d1 A A O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1 1) Cross section dia. HNBR-7, HNBR-9, ACM-7 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS).1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A O-ring No. Fitting groove dimensions ud8 For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface h ud7 For internal pressure 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS) products. For VMQ-7 and ACM-7 products, the tolerance is 1.5 times these values, and for FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7 and HNBR-9 products, 1.2 times. 2) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. h Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 2) for external pressure d7 2) for internal pressure 2.8 ±.14 P ±.14 P ±.15 P ±.15 P ± ±.16 P ±.16 P ±.17 P ±.17 P ±.17 P 1A ±.18 P ±.18 P ±.19 P ±.19 P ±.19 P ± ±.2 P ±.2 P ±.21 P ±.22 P ±.23 P ±.24 P ±.24 P 22A ±.24 P ±.24 P ±.25 P ±.25 P ±.26 P ±.28 P ± ±.1 P ±.29 P ±.29 P ±.3 P ±.31 P ±.31 P ±.33 P ±.34 P h ±.5 r1 max For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud3 For dynamic sealing ud6 ud5 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E C.1~ r1 r1 r A single component K C.1~ Matching two components Backup rings (For dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface) ud4 ud3 ud5 ud6 1 2 One ackup ring Two ackup rings unit : mm Groove dimensions for dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface Reference fitting codes 3) O-ring No d3, d5 corresponding to d4, d6 Fitting E 4) r1 Without With one With two ackup ackup ackup d3 and d5 tolerances code max. max. ring ring rings P H1 P e9 P P P P P P P 1A 1 14 P P e P P P P P P P2 2 h9 f8 24 P21 21 e7 25 H9 P P 22A P P P P e8 P P P P P P P P32 32 e7 38 P P ) The fitting code is corresponding to the d4 and d6 tolerances. 4) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. K JIS B 241 P (for Dynamic and Static Sealing)

84 P 35.5~15 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) d1 A A P 35.5~15 O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1 1) Cross section dia. JIS B 241 P (for Dynamic and Static Sealing) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9, VMQ-7, FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7, HNBR-9, ACM-7 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS).1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A O-ring No. Fitting groove dimensions For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface For internal pressure 35.2 ±.34 P ±.34 P ±.37 P ±.37 P ±.37 P ±.38 P ± ±.1 P ±.41 P ±.41 P ±.42 P ±.44 P ±.45 P ±.45 P ±.44 P 48A ±.45 P 5A ±.47 P ±.48 P ±.49 P ±.5 P ±.52 P ±.53 P ±.55 P ±.56 P ±.57 P ± ±.59 P ±.61 P ±.62 P ±.65 P ±.69 P ±.73 P ±.77 P ±.81 P ±.84 P ±.85 P ±.87 P Notes 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS) products. For VMQ-7 and ACM-7 products, the tolerance is 1.5 times these values, and for FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7 and HNBR-9 products, 1.2 times. 2) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. ud8 h ud7 h Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 2) for external pressure d7 2) for internal pressure +.25 h ±.5 r1 max. For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud3 For dynamic sealing ud6 ud5 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E C.1~ r1 r1 r A single component K C.1~ Matching two components Backup rings (For dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface) ud4 ud3 ud5 ud6 1 2 One ackup ring Two ackup rings unit : mm Groove dimensions for dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface Reference fitting codes 3) O-ring No d3, d5 corresponding to d4, d6 Fitting E 4) r1 Without With one With two ackup ackup ackup d3 and d5 tolerances code max. max. ring ring rings P P P P P P P e P P P P P P P 48A e8 P 5A 5 6 P P P h9 f8 65 H9 P P P P e7 P P P P P P P P P P e6 P P P ) The fitting code is corresponding to the d4 and d6 tolerances. 4) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. K

85 P 11~26 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) d1 A A P 11~26 O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1 1) Cross section dia. JIS B 241 P (for Dynamic and Static Sealing) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9, VMQ-7, FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7, HNBR-9, ACM-7 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS).1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A O-ring No. Fitting groove dimensions For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface For internal pressure 19.6 ±.91 P ±.92 P ±.94 P ±.98 P ± 1.1 P ± ±.13 P ± 1.6 P ± 1.9 P ± 1.12 P ± 1.16 P ± 1.19 P ± 1.19 P 15A ± 1.23 P ± 1.26 P ± 1.3 P ± 1.33 P ± 1.37 P ± 1.4 P ± 1.44 P ± 1.48 P ± 1.51 P ± 1.55 P ± 1.58 P ± ± 1.61 P ± 1.62 P ± 1.65 P ± 1.68 P ± 1.71 P ± 1.75 P ± 1.78 P ± 1.81 P ± 1.84 P ± 1.88 P ± 1.91 P ± 1.94 P Notes 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS) products. For VMQ-7 and ACM-7 products, the tolerance is 1.5 times these values, and for FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7 and HNBR-9 products, 1.2 times. 2) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. ud8 h ud7 h Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 2) for external pressure d7 2) for internal pressure +.25 h ±.5 r1 max. For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud3 For dynamic sealing ud6 ud5 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E C.1~ r1 r1 r A single component K C.1~ Matching two components Backup rings (For dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface) ud4 ud3 ud5 ud6 1 2 One ackup ring Two ackup rings unit : mm Groove dimensions for dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface Reference fitting codes 3) O-ring No d3, d5 corresponding to d4, d6 Fitting E 4) r1 Without With one With two ackup ackup ackup d3 and d5 tolerances code max. max. ring ring rings P P f8 e6 P P P P P P H9 P h9 P P P 15A P P P P P P P f7 2 P P P P P P P H8 P h8 235 P P P P P P P f6 P ) The fitting code is corresponding to the d4 and d6 tolerances. 4) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. K

86 P 265~4 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) d1 A A P 265~4 O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1 1) Cross section dia. JIS B 241 P (for Dynamic and Static Sealing) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9, VMQ-7, FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7, HNBR-9, ACM-7 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS).1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A O-ring No. Fitting groove dimensions For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface For internal pressure ± 1.97 P ± 2.1 P ± 2.4 P ± 2.7 P ± 2.1 P ± 2.14 P ± 2.17 P ± 2.2 P ± ±.15 P ± 2.33 P ± 2.42 P ± 2.45 P ± 2.54 P ± 2.57 P ± 2.67 P ± 2.73 P ± 2.82 P Notes 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS) products. For VMQ-7 and ACM-7 products, the tolerance is 1.5 times these values, and for FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7 and HNBR- 9 products, 1.2 times. 2) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. ud8 h ud7 h Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 2) for external pressure d7 2) for internal pressure +.25 h ±.5 r1 max. For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud3 For dynamic sealing ud6 ud5 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E C.1~ r1 r1 r A single component K C.1~ Matching two components Backup rings (For dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface) ud4 ud3 ud5 ud6 1 2 One ackup ring Two ackup rings unit : mm Groove dimensions for dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface Reference fitting codes 3) O-ring No d3, d5 corresponding to d4, d6 Fitting E 4) r1 Without With one With two ackup ackup ackup d3 and d5 tolerances code max. max. ring ring rings P P P P P P P P P h8 f P H P P P P P P P ) The fitting code is corresponding to the d4 and d6 tolerances. 4) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. K

87 G 25~3 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) d1 A A JIS B 241 G (for Static Sealing) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9, VMQ-7, FKM-7, FKM-9, HMBR-7, HMBR-9, ACM-7 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS).1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A Fitting groove dimensions ud8 For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface h ud7 For internal pressure h For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud6 ud3 ud5 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E C.1~ K r1 r1 r1 A single component C.1~ K Matching two components Backup rings (For static sealing on cylindrical surface) G 25~3 Notes O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1 1) Cross section dia. O-ring No. Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 2) for external pressure 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS) products. For VMQ-7 and ACM-7 products, the tolerance is 1.5 times these values, and for FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7 and HNBR-9 products, 1.2 times. 2) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. d7 2) for internal pressure +.25 h ± ±.25 G ±.29 G ±.33 G ±.37 G ±.41 G ±.45 G ±.49 G ±.53 G ±.57 G ±.61 G ±.65 G ±.69 G ± ±.1 G ±.77 G ±.81 G ±.85 G ±.87 G ±.91 G ±.94 G ±.98 G ± 1.1 G ± 1.5 G ± 1.8 G ± 1.12 G ± 1.16 G ± 1.19 G ± 1.23 G ± 1.26 G ± 1.3 G ± 1.33 G ± 1.37 G ± 1.4 G ± 1.44 G ± 1.47 G ± 1.51 G ± ±.13 G ± 1.61 G ± 1.68 G ± 1.73 G ± 1.81 G ± 1.88 G ± 1.94 G ± 2.1 G ± 2.7 G ± 2.14 G ± 2.2 G r1 max O-ring No. G G 3 3 G G 4 4 G G 5 5 G G 6 6 G G 7 7 G G 8 8 G G 9 9 G G 1 1 G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G 2 2 G G G G G G G d3, d5.1 1 One ackup ring Groove dimensions for static sealing on cylindrical surface Reference fitting codes corresponding to d3 and d5 tolerances h9 h8 f8 f7 e9 e8 e7 e d4, d ) Fitting code +.25 Without ackup ring G f6 29 G G ) The fitting code is corresponding to the d4 and d6 tolerances. 4) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. H1 H9 H With one ackup ring 2 Two ackup rings With two ackup rings E 4) max. unit : mm r1 max

88 S 3~15 Slim Series (for Static Sealing) Material : JIS NBR-7-1 and FKM-7 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) d1 A.1 max. Fitting groove dimensions Static sealing on flat surface ud8 2) ud7 2) h h For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud6 ud3 ud5 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) C.1~ A single component C.1~ R.5 R.5 Matching two components A.15 max. Cross section A-A. For external pressure For internal pressure S 3~4 unit : mm S 42~15 O-ring dimensions Groove dimensions O-ring dimensions Bore dia. Cross section dia. O-ring No. Bore dia. Cross section dia. d1 1) d3, d5, d8 2) d4, +.5 d6 d7 2) +.25 h.5.1 d1 1) 2.5 S S S S S S S S ±.1 S S S S S S S S ±.15 S S S S S S S S S ± S S S S S S S S Notes 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1, products. For FKM-7 products, the tolerance is 2 times these values. 2) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. O-ring No. d3, d5, d8 2).5 d4, d S S S S S ±.25 S Groove dimensions S S S S S S S S S S ±.1 S S S S ±.4 S S S S S S S S S S ± S S S d7 2) +.25 unit : mm h

89 Old ISO A,B,C,D d1 1.8~75 Old ISO 361 (for General Industrial Applications) Material : JIS NBR-7-1 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) d1 A A f Cross section A-A f d1 1.8~2 unit : mm d1 21.2~75 Cross section dia. 1.8 ± ± ± ± ±.15 Dike width and height f Up to.1 Up to.12 Up to.14 Up to.16 Up to.18 Bore dia. d1 Tolerance O-ring No. 1.8 A18G 2. A2G ± A22G 2.5 A25G 2.8 A28G 3.15 A31G 3.55 A35G ± A37G ±.15 A4G A45G A48G A5G A51G A53G A56G A6G A63G A67G A69G 7.1 A71G ± A75G A8G A85G A87G 9. A9G ± A95G 1. A1G 1.6 A16G ± A112G 11.8 A118G 12.5 A125G ± A132G 14. A14G B14G 15. A15G B15G ± A16G B16G 17. A17G B17G ± B18G C18G 19. B19G C19G ± B2G C2G Old ISO: Applies to the ISO series of the old JIS standard Fitting groove dimensions (unit : mm) 1) Groove depth K Determine dimension h to otain O-ring compression rate etween 8 % and 3 %. h Compression rate = 1 (%) = 8 % ~ 3 % Determine the radial gap y the consideration that the doule radial gap (gap in diameter) should e less than the value shown in Fig Therefore: K = h gap in radial : O-ring cross section diameter 2) Groove width Determine groove width y the consideration that O-ring should not occupy more than 9 % of the groove space. π (/2) 2 Occupancy percentage = 1 (%) < 9 % h C.1~ r1 Cross section dia r1 K Radial gap h Corner radius r ± ± ±.2 unit : mm Cross section dia. 1.8 ± ± ± ± ±.15 Dike width and height f Up to.1 Up to.12 Up to.14 Up to.16 Up to.18 Bore dia. d1 Tolerance O-ring No ±.23 B212G C212G 22.4 B224G C224G ± G C236G 25. ±.25 B25G C25G 25.8 B258G C258G ± B265G C265G 28. ±.28 B28G C28G 3. ±.29 B3G C3G 31.5 ±.31 B315G C315G 32.5 ±.32 B325G C325G 33.5 ±.32 B335G C335G 34.5 ±.33 B345G C345G 35.5 ±.34 B355G C355G 36.5 ±.35 B365G C365G 37.5 ±.36 B375G C375G 38.7 ±.37 B387G C387G 4. ±.38 C4G D4G 41.2 ±.39 C412G D412G 42.5 ±.4 C425G D425G 43.7 ±.41 C437G D437G 45. ±.42 C45G D45G 46.2 ±.43 C462G D462G 47.5 ±.44 C475G D475G 48.7 ±.45 C487G D487G 5. ±.46 C5G D5G 51.5 ±.47 C515G D515G 53. ±.48 C53G D53G 54.5 ±.5 C545G D545G 56. ±.51 C56G D56G 58. ±.52 C58G D58G 6. ±.54 C6G D6G 61.5 ±.55 C615G D615G 63. ±.56 C63G D63G 65. ±.58 C65G D65G 67. ±.59 C67G D67G ±.61 ±.63 C69G C71G D69G D71G 73. ±.64 C73G D73G 75. ±.66 C75G D75G

90 Old ISO C,D,E d1 77.5~67 Old ISO 361 (for General Industrial Applications) Material : JIS NBR-7-1 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) d1 A A f Cross section A-A f Fitting groove dimensions (unit : mm) 1) Groove depth K Determine dimension h to otain O-ring compression rate etween 8 % and 3 %. h Compression rate = 1 (%) = 8 % ~ 3 % Determine the radial gap y the consideration that the doule radial gap (gap in diameter) should e less than the value shown in Fig Therefore: K = h gap in radial : O-ring cross section diameter 2) Groove width Determine groove width y the consideration that O-ring should not occupy more than 9 % of the groove space. π (/2) 2 Occupancy percentage = 1 (%) < 9 % h d1 77.5~23 unit : mm d1 236~67 unit : mm Cross section dia. 1.8 ± ± ± ± ±.15 Cross section dia. 1.8 ± ± ± ± ±.15 Dike width and height f Up to.1 Up to.12 Up to.14 Up to.16 Up to.18 Dike width and height f Up to.1 Up to.12 Up to.14 Up to.16 Up to.18 Bore dia. d1 Tolerance O-ring No. Bore dia. d1 Tolerance O-ring No ±.67 C775G D775G 236 ±1.79 D236G E236G 8. ±.69 C8G D8G 243 ±1.83 D243G E243G 82.5 ±.71 C825G D825G 25 ±1.88 D25G E25G 85. ±.73 C85G D85G 258 ±1.93 D258G E258G 87.5 ±.75 C875G D875G 265 ±1.98 D265G E265G 9. ±.77 C9G D9G 272 ±2.2 D272G E272G 92.5 ±.79 C925G D925G 28 ±2.8 D28G E28G 95. ±.81 C95G D95G 29 ±2.14 D29G E29G 97.5 ±.83 C975G D975G 3 ±2.21 D3G E3G 1 ±.84 C1G D1G 37 ±2.25 D37G E37G 13 ±.87 C13G D13G 315 ±2.3 D315G E315G 16 ±.89 C16G D16G 325 ±2.37 D325G E325G 19 ±.91 C19G D19G E19G 335 ±2.43 D335G E335G 112 ±.93 C112G D112G E112G 345 ±2.49 D345G E345G 115 ±.95 C115G D115G E115G 355 ±2.56 D355G E355G 118 ±.97 C118G D118G E118G 365 ±2.62 D365G E365G 122 ± 1. C122G D122G E122G 375 ±2.68 D375G E375G 125 ±1.3 C125G D125G E125G 387 ±2.76 D387G E387G 128 ± 1.5 C128G D128G E128G 4 ±2.84 D4G E4G 132 ± 1.8 C132G D132G E132G 412 ±2.91 E412G 136 ± 1.1 C136G D136G E136G 425 ±2.99 E425G 14 ± 1.13 C14G D14G E14G 437 ±3.7 E437G 145 ± 1.17 C145G D145G E145G 45 ±3.15 E45G 15 ±1.2 C15G D15G E15G 462 ±3.22 E462G 155 ± 1.24 C155G D155G E155G 475 ±3.3 E475G 16 ± 1.27 C16G D16G E16G 487 ±3.37 E487G 165 ± 1.31 C165G D165G E165G 5 ±3.45 E5G 17 ±1.34 C17G D17G E17G 515 ±3.54 E515G 175 ± 1.38 C175G D175G E175G 53 ± 3.63 E53G 18 ±1.41 C18G D18G E18G 545 ± 3.72 E545G 185 ± 1.44 C185G D185G E185G 56 ± 3.81 E56G 19 ± 1.48 C19G D19G E19G 58 ± 3.93 E58G 195 ± 1.51 C195G D195G E195G 6 ± 4.5 E6G 2 ± 1.55 C2G D2G E2G 615 ± 4.13 E615G 26 ±1.59 D26G E26G 63 ± 4.22 E63G 212 ± 1.63 D212G E212G 65 ±4.34 E65G 218 ±1.67 D218G E218G 67 ± 4.46 E67G 224 ± 1.71 D224G E224G 23 ±1.75 D23G E23G Old ISO: Applies to the ISO series of the old JIS standard C.1~ r1 Cross section dia r1 K Radial gap h Corner radius r ± ± ±.2

91 JASO JASO F 44 (for Dynamic and Static Sealing) 1.9 Material : JASO classes 1-A, 2, 3, 4-C, 4-D, 4-E and 5 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) 1.9 Notes d1 A A O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1.1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A Cross section dia. O-ring No. Fitting groove dimensions For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface For internal pressure 1) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. 2) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. ud8 h ud7 h Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 1) d7 1) for external for internal pressure pressure 2.8 JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 ±.12 JASO 17 JASO 18 JASO Classes 3 and 4-D ±.24 JASO 11 JASO 111 JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 JASO ±.36 JASO JASO JASO ± JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO ±.15 JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D JASO ±.3 JASO JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 JASO ±.45 JASO JASO JASO h ±.5 r1 max For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud3 For dynamic sealing ud6 ud5 ud4 ud3 ud5 O-ring No. d3 d5 Tolerances of d3 and d5 d4 ud6 JASO JASO JASO JASO 16 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO d6 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E C.1~ r1 r1 r A single component K C.1~ Matching two components Backup rings (For dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface) Tolerances of d4 and d One ackup ring +.25 Without ackup ring With one ackup ring 2 Two ackup rings Groove dimensions for dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface With two ackup rings E 2) max. K unit : mm r1 max

92 JASO JASO F 44 (for Dynamic and Static Sealing) 2.4 Material : JASO classes 1-A, 2, 3, 4-C, 4-D, 4-E and 5 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) 2.4 Notes d1 A A O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1.1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A Cross section dia. O-ring No. Fitting groove dimensions ud8 For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface h ud7 For internal pressure 1) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. 2) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. h Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 1) d7 1) for external for internal pressure pressure 9.8 JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO ±.12 JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D 13.8 JASO ± JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 JASO ±.36 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO ±.15 JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D JASO ±.3 JASO JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 JASO ± ±.7 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO ±.25 JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D 52.6 JASO ± JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 JASO ±.75 JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO ±.4 Classes 3 and 4-D ±.8 Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 ± h ±.5 r1 max For static sealing on cylindrical surface ud4 ud3 For dynamic sealing ud6 ud5 ud4 ud3 ud5 O-ring No. d3 d5 Tolerances of d3 and d5 d4 ud6 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO 215 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO d6 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E C.1~ r1 r1 r A single component K C.1~ Matching two components Backup rings (For dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface) Tolerances of d4 and d One ackup ring +.25 Without ackup ring With one ackup ring 2 Two ackup rings Groove dimensions for dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface With two ackup rings E 2) max. K unit : mm r1 max

93 JASO JASO F 44 (for Dynamic and Static Sealing) 3.5 Material : JASO classes 1-A, 2, 3, 4-C, 4-D, 4-E and 5 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) Notes d1 A 3.5 A O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1.1 max..15 max. Cross section A-A Cross section dia. O-ring No. Fitting groove dimensions ud8 For external pressure Static sealing on flat surface h ud7 For internal pressure 1) For a static sealing application on a flat surface, design the groove according to dimension d8 for use under external pressure, or according to dimension d7 for use under internal pressure. An O-ring for use under external pressure can thus have its ore surface in close contact with the inner wall of the groove during use. Likewise an O-ring for use under internal pressure can thus have its circumferential surface in close contact with the outer wall of the groove. 2) Eccentricity E means the difference etween the maximum value and minimum value of dimension K. h Groove dimensions for static sealing on flat surface d8 1) d7 1) for external for internal pressure pressure +.25 h ±.5 r1 max. For static sealing on cylindrical surface 128 The eccentricity can also e defined as doule the coaxiality measurement. 129 ud4 ud3 For dynamic sealing ud6 ud5 ud4 ud3 ud5 O-ring No JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO JASO ±.15 JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D JASO JASO ±.3 JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and JASO JASO ±.45.8 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO JASO ±.25 JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D JASO JASO ±.5 JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and ±.1 JASO JASO ±.75 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO JASO ±.4 JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D 94.6 JASO JASO ± JASO JASO Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 JASO JASO ± 1.2 JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO JASO Classes 1-A and 2 JASO JASO ±.6 JASO JASO Classes 3 and 4-D JASO JASO ±1.2 Classes 4-C, 4-E and 5 ±1.8 d3 d5 Tolerances of d3 and d5 d4 ud6 Fitting groove design (unit : mm) Eccentricity E d6 C.1~ r1 r1 r A single component K C.1~ Matching two components Backup rings (For dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface) Tolerances of d4 and d One ackup ring +.25 Without ackup ring With one ackup ring 2 Two ackup rings Groove dimensions for dynamic sealing and static sealing on cylindrical surface With two ackup rings E 2) max. K unit : mm r1 max

94 Note d1.7 max. for Aircraft Hydraulic Applications (Dynamic Sealing and Static Sealing) AS AS ~(2.62) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9 and FKM-7 Fitting groove dimensions (unit : mm) O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) C.1~.2 Radial gap Cross section dia. Corner radius h r1 K r1 r1 Over Up to max ) Groove depth K Determine dimension h to otain O-ring compression rate etween 8 A % and 3 %. h Compression rate = 1 (%) = 8 % ~ 3 % A.12 max. Determine the radial gap y the consideration that the doule radial gap Cross section A-A (gap in diameter) should e less than the value shown in Fig Therefore: K = h gap in radial : O-ring cross section diameter 2) Groove width Determine groove width y the consideration that O-ring should not occupy more than 9 % of the groove space. 1.2~(1.78) π (/2) 2 Occupancy percentage = 1 (%) < 9 % h unit : mm O-ring dimensions Reference No. O-ring No. Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) AS 28775A 1.2 ±.7.74 AS 1 ± ± AS ± ±.12 AS ± ±.1 AS ± AS 92 ± AS ± AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ±.12 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS 23 ± AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ±.25 AS AS AS AS AS 37 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1 and NBR-9 products. For FKM-7 products, consult JTEKT (1.78)~(2.62) O-ring dimensions Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) O-ring No ± ±.25 AS AS AS AS AS AS 43 ± AS AS AS AS AS AS 49 ± AS ± AS AS ± AS ± ±.12 AS ± AS ± AS AS ± AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ±.12 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS 119 AS 12 AS 121 ±.15 AS 122 AS 123 AS 124 AS 125 AS 126 AS 127 AS 128 AS 129 AS 13 AS 131 AS 132 AS 133 ±.25 AS 134 AS AS AS 137 unit : mm Reference No. AS 28775A AS 138

95 for Aircraft Hydraulic Applications (Dynamic Sealing and Static Sealing) AS AS 568 (2.62)~(3.53) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9 and FKM-7 Fitting groove dimensions (unit : mm) O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) C.1~.2 Radial gap ) Groove depth K Determine dimension h to otain O-ring compression rate etween 8 A % and 3 %. h Compression rate = 1 (%) = 8 % ~ 3 % A.12 max. Determine the radial gap y the consideration that the doule radial gap Cross section A-A (gap in diameter) should e less than the value shown in Fig Therefore: K = h gap in radial : O-ring cross section diameter 2) Groove width Determine groove width y the consideration that O-ring should not occupy more than 9 % of the groove space. π (/2) 2 Occupancy percentage = h 1 (%) < 9 % unit : mm O-ring dimensions Reference No. O-ring No. Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) AS 28775A 2.62 ± AS AS AS AS 142 ± AS AS 144 Note d1 (2.62) max. ±.38 ±.58 ±.76 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1 and NBR-9 products. For FKM-7 products, consult JTEKT r r1 K h AS 145 AS 146 AS 147 AS 148 AS 149 AS 15 AS 151 AS 152 AS 153 AS 154 AS 155 AS 156 AS 157 AS 158 AS 159 AS 16 AS 161 AS 162 AS 163 AS 164 AS 165 AS 166 AS 167 AS 168 AS 169 AS 17 AS 171 AS 172 AS 173 AS 174 AS 175 AS 176 AS 177 AS 178 Cross section dia. Over Up to Corner radius r1 max 2.95~(3.53) O-ring dimensions Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) O-ring No ± ±.12 AS AS AS ±.15 AS AS AS ± AS AS 924 ± AS ± AS 932 AS 21 AS 22 AS 23 AS ±.12 ±.15 ±.25 AS 25 AS 26 AS 27 AS 28 AS 29 AS 21 AS 211 AS 212 AS 213 AS 214 AS 215 AS 216 AS 217 AS 218 AS 219 AS 22 AS 221 AS 222 AS 223 AS 224 AS 225 AS 226 AS 227 AS 228 AS 229 AS 23 AS 231 AS 232 AS 233 AS 234 AS 235 AS 236 AS 237 AS AS 239 ± AS AS 241 AS 242 AS 243 AS 244 AS 245 AS 246 AS 247 unit : mm Reference No. AS 28775A

96 for Aircraft Hydraulic Applications (Dynamic Sealing and Static Sealing) AS AS 568 (3.53)~(5.33) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9 and FKM-7 Fitting groove dimensions (unit : mm) O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) C.1~.2 Radial gap Corner Cross section dia. K h radius r1 r1 r1 Over Up to max ) Groove depth K Determine dimension h to otain O-ring compression rate etween 8 A % and 3 %. h Compression rate = 1 (%) = 8 % ~ 3 % A.12 max. Determine the radial gap y the consideration that the doule radial gap Cross section A-A (gap in diameter) should e less than the value shown in Fig Therefore: K = h gap in radial : O-ring cross section diameter 2) Groove width Determine groove width y the consideration that O-ring should not occupy more than 9 % of the groove space. (3.53)~(5.33) π (/2) 2 Occupancy percentage = 1 (%) < 9 % h unit : mm O-ring dimensions Reference No. O-ring No. Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) AS 28775A 3.53 ± AS ±.38 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ± AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ±.76 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ± 1.14 AS AS ± AS ±.12 AS AS 311 Note d1.7 max. 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1 and NBR-9 products. For FKM-7 products, consult JTEKT unit : mm Reference No. AS 28775A (5.33) O-ring dimensions Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) O-ring No ± AS 312 ± AS AS AS AS AS AS ±.15 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS 329 ± AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ±.38 AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS 358 ±.58 AS 359 AS 36 AS 361 AS 362 AS ±.76 AS 364 AS 365 AS 366 AS 367 AS 368

97 for Aircraft Hydraulic Applications (Dynamic Sealing and Static Sealing) AS AS 568 (5.33)~6.98 Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9 and FKM-7 Fitting groove dimensions (unit : mm) O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) C.1~.2 Radial gap ) Groove depth K Determine dimension h to otain O-ring compression rate etween 8 A % and 3 %. h Compression rate = 1 (%) = 8 % ~ 3 % A.12 max. Determine the radial gap y the consideration that the doule radial gap Cross section A-A (gap in diameter) should e less than the value shown in Fig Therefore: K = h gap in radial : O-ring cross section diameter 2) Groove width Determine groove width y the consideration that O-ring should not occupy more than 9 % of the groove space. π (/2) 2 Occupancy percentage = h 1 (%) < 9 % unit : mm O-ring dimensions Reference No. O-ring No. Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) AS 28775A 5.33 ± AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS 376 ± AS AS AS AS AS AS 382 Note d1 (5.33)~(6.98) 6.98 ± max. ± 1.14 ± 1.52 ±.38 ±.58 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1 and NBR-9 products. For FKM-7 products, consult JTEKT r r1 K h AS 383 AS 384 AS 385 AS 386 AS 387 AS 388 AS 389 AS 39 AS 391 AS 392 AS 393 AS 394 AS 395 AS 425 AS 426 AS 427 AS 428 AS 429 AS 43 AS 431 AS 432 AS 433 AS 434 AS 435 AS 436 AS 437 Cross section dia. Over Up to Corner radius r1 max unit : mm Reference No. AS 28775A (6.98) O-ring dimensions Cross section dia. Bore dia. d1 1) O-ring No ± AS AS 439 ± AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS AS ±.76 AS AS AS AS 454 AS 455 AS 456 AS 457 AS 458 AS 459 AS 46 AS ± 1.14 AS 462 AS 463 AS 464 AS 465 AS 466 AS 467 AS 468 AS 469 AS 47 AS 471 AS AS 473 ± AS AS 475

98 Backup Rings P 3~165 JIS B 247 P, G Backup ring shape and dimensions d W P 3~34 Applied O-ring No. P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6 P 7 P 8 P 9 P1 P 1A P11 P 11.2 P12 P 12.5 P14 P15 P16 P18 P2 P21 P22 P 22A P 22.4 P24 P25 P 25.5 P26 P28 P29 P 29.5 P3 P31 P 31.5 P32 P34 Section A Backup ring No. Spiral (T1) T Z 1) 3 ±5 Enlarged view of section A Dimensions d W 3) T Z 4) W d Bias-cut (T2) D T Cut 1) 22-3 W Endless (T3) Remark) All rings material is tetrafluoroethylene resin. Spiral ring Bias-cut and Endless ring 2) Backup ring No. T1 P 3 3 T2 P 3 T3 P T1 P 4 4 T2 P 4 T3 P T1 P 5 5 T2 P 5 T3 P T1 P T2 P 6 T3 P ± ±.4 T1 P T2 P 7 T3 P T1 P 8 8 T2 P 8 T3 P T1 P 9 9 T2 P 9 T3 P T1 P 1 1 T2 P 1 T3 P T1 P 1A 1 T2 P 1A T3 P 1A 1 14 T1 P T2 P 11 T3 P T1 P T2 P 11.2 T3 P T1 P T2 P 12 T3 P T1 P T2 P 12.5 T3 P T1 P T2 P 14 T3 P ± ±.8 T1 P T2 P 15 T3 P T1 P T2 P 16 T3 P T1 P T2 P 18 T3 P T1 P 2 2 T2 P2 T3 P T1 P T2 P 21 T3 P T1 P T2 P 22 T3 P T1 P 22A 22 T2 P 22A T3 P 22A T1 P T2 P 22.4 T3 P T1 P T2 P 24 T3 P T1 P T2 P 25 T3 P T1 P T2 P 25.5 T3 P T1 P T2 P 26 T3 P T1 P T2 P 28 T3 P ± ± 1.5 T1 P T2 P29 T3 P T1 P T2 P 29.5 T3 P T1 P 3 3 T2 P 3 T3 P T1 P T2 P 31 T3 P T1 P T2 P 31.5 T3 P T1 P T2 P 32 T3 P T1 P T2 P 34 T3 P Notes 1) The cut angle for P3 to P1 is 35 ~ 4. 2) The dimensions shown in the "Bias-cut and Endless ring" column are the dimensions of endless rings. Bias-cut rings are produced y cutting endless rings. 3) In the case of ias-cut and endless ring, the deviation of ring thickness W (within one piece) shall e.5 mm max. 4) The clearance Z is shown when the ackup ring is installed on a shaft toleranced to mm /.5 mm. d D Dimensions T unit : mm Bias-cut Endless d D T ± ±.1 P 35~165 Applied O-ring No. P 35 P 35.5 P 36 P 38 P 39 P 4 P 41 Backup ring No. Spiral ring Bias-cut and Endless ring 2) Dimensions d W 3) T Z 4) Backup ring No. Dimensions T1 P T2 P 35 T3 P T1 P T2 P 35.5 T3 P T1 P T2 P 36 T3 P T1 P T2 P 38 T3 P T1 P T2 P 39 T3 P T1 P 4 4 T2 P 4 T3 P T1 P ± ± 1.5 T2 P 41 T3 P P 42 T1 P T2 P 42 T3 P P 44 T1 P T2 P 44 T3 P P 45 T1 P T2 P 45 T3 P P 46 T1 P T2 P 46 T3 P P 48 T1 P T2 P 48 T3 P P 49 T1 P T2 P 49 T3 P P 5 T1 P 5 5 T2 P 5 T3 P P 48A T1 P 48A 48 T2 P 48A T3 P 48A P 5A T1 P 5A 5 T2 P 5A T3 P 5A 5 6 P 52 T1 P T2 P 52 T3 P P 53 T1 P T2 P 53 T3 P P 55 T1 P T2 P 55 T3 P P 56 T1 P T2 P 56 T3 P P 58 T1 P T2 P 58 T3 P P 6 T1 P 6 6 T2 P 6 T3 P P 62 T1 P T2 P 62 T3 P P 63 T1 P T2 P 63 T3 P P 65 T1 P T2 P 65 T3 P P 67 T1 P T2 P 67 T3 P P 7 T1 P 7 7 T2 P 7 T3 P P 71 T1 P T2 P 71 T3 P P 75 T1 P T2 P 75 T3 P P 8 T1 P 8 8 T2 P 8 T3 P P 85 T1 P ± ± 1.5 T2 P 85 T3 P P 9 T1 P 9 9 T2 P 9 T3 P P 95 T1 P T2 P 95 T3 P P 1 T1 P 1 1 T2 P 1 T3 P P 12 T1 P T2 P 12 T3 P P 15 P 11 T1 P 15 T1 P T2 P 15 T2 P 11 T3 P 15 T3 P P 112 P 115 P 12 P 125 T1 P 112 T1 P 115 T1 P 12 T1 P T2 P 112 T2 P 115 T2 P 12 T2 P 125 T3 P 112 T3 P 115 T3 P 12 T3 P P 13 P 132 P 135 P 14 P 145 P 15 P 15A T1 P 13 T1 P 132 T1 P 135 T1 P 14 T1 P 145 T1 P 15 T1 P 15A T2 P 13 T2 P 132 T2 P 135 T2 P 14 T2 P 145 T2 P 15 T2 P 15A T3 P 13 T3 P 132 T3 P 135 T3 P 14 T3 P 145 T3 P 15 T3 P 15A P 155 T1 P T2 P 155 T3 P ±.8 6. ± 2. P 16 T1 P T2 P 16 T3 P P 165 T1 P T2 P 165 T3 P unit : mm Bias-cut Endless d D T ± ± ±

99 Backup Rings P 17~G 3 Backup ring shape and dimensions d W Section A P 17~36 Applied O-ring No. Backup ring No. Spiral (T1) T Z JIS B 241 1) 3 ±5 Enlarged view of section A Dimensions d W 3) T Z 4) W P, G Bias-cut (T2) Endless (T3) Notes 1) The cut angle for P3 to P1 is 35 ~ 4. 2) The dimensions shown in the "Bias-cut and Endless ring" column are the dimensions of endless rings. Bias-cut rings are produced y cutting endless rings. 3) In the case of ias-cut and endless ring, the deviation of ring thickness W (within one piece) shall e.5 mm max. 4) The clearance Z is shown when the ackup ring is installed on a shaft toleranced to mm /.5 mm. d D T Cut 1) 22-3 Remark) All rings material is tetrafluoroethylene resin. Spiral ring Bias-cut and Endless ring 2) Backup ring No. P 17 T1 P17 17 T2 P 17 T3 P P 175 T1 P T2 P 175 T3 P P 18 T1 P18 18 T2 P 18 T3 P P 185 T1 P T2 P 185 T3 P P 19 T1 P19 19 T2 P 19 T3 P P 195 T1 P T2 P 195 T3 P P 2 T1 P2 2 T2 P 2 T3 P P 25 T1 P25 25 T2 P 25 T3 P P 29 T1 P29 29 T2 P 29 T3 P P 21 P 215 P 22 P 225 P 23 P 235 P 24 T1 P21 T1 P215 T1 P22 T1 P225 T1 P23 T1 P235 T1 P T2 P 21 T2 P 215 T2 P 22 T2 P 225 T2 P 23 T2 P 235 T2 P 24 T3 P 21 T3 P 215 T3 P 22 T3 P 225 T3 P 23 T3 P 235 T3 P P 245 T1 P T2 P 245 T3 P ±.8 6. ± 2. P 25 T1 P T2 P 25 T3 P P 255 P 26 P 265 P 27 T1 P255 T1 P26 T1 P265 T1 P T2 P 255 T2 P 26 T2 P 265 T2 P 27 T3 P 255 T3 P 26 T3 P 265 T3 P P 275 P 28 P 285 P 29 T1 P275 T1 P28 T1 P285 T1 P T2 P 275 T2 P 28 T2 P 285 T2 P 29 T3 P 275 T3 P 28 T3 P 285 T3 P P 295 P 3 P 315 P 32 P 335 P 34 P 355 T1 P295 T1 P3 T1 P315 T1 P32 T1 P335 T1 P34 T1 P T2 P 295 T2 P 3 T2 P 315 T2 P 32 T2 P 335 T2 P 34 T2 P 355 T3 P 295 T3 P 3 T3 P 315 T3 P 32 T3 P 335 T3 P 34 T3 P P 36 T1 P36 36 T2 P 36 T3 P W d D Dimensions T unit : mm Bias-cut Endless d D T ±.15 P 375~4 G 25~3 Applied O-ring No. Backup ring No. Spiral ring Bias-cut and Endless ring 2) Dimensions d W 3) T Z 4) Backup ring No. Dimensions unit : mm Bias-cut Endless d D T P 375 T1 P T2 P 375 T3 P P 385 T1 P ±.8 6. ± 2. T2 P 385 T3 P P 4 T1 P 4 4 T2 P 4 T3 P G 25 T1 G T2 G 25 T3 G G 3 T1 G 3 3 T2 G 3 T3 G G 35 T1 G T2 G 35 T3 G G 4 T1 G 4 4 T2 G 4 T3 G G 45 T1 G T2 G 45 T3 G G 5 T1 G 5 5 T2 G 5 T3 G G 55 T1 G T2 G 55 T3 G G 6 T1 G 6 6 T2 G 6 T3 G G 65 T1 G T2 G 65 T3 G G 7 T1 G 7 7 T2 G 7 T3 G G 75 T1 G T2 G 75 T3 G G 8 T1 G 8 8 T2 G 8 T3 G G 85 T1 G ± ± 1.5 T2 G 85 T3 G G 9 T1 G 9 9 T2 G 9 T3 G G 95 T1 G T2 G 95 T3 G G 1 T1 G 1 1 T2 G 1 T3 G G 15 T1 G T2 G 15 T3 G G 11 T1 G T2 G 11 T3 G G 115 T1 G T2 G 115 T3 G G 12 T1 G T2 G 12 T3 G G 125 T1 G T2 G 125 T3 G G 13 T1 G T2 G 13 T3 G G 135 T1 G T2 G 135 T3 G G 14 T1 G T2 G 14 T3 G G 145 T1 G T2 G 145 T3 G G 15 T1 G T2 G 15 T3 G G 155 T1 G T2 G 155 T3 G G 16 T1 G T2 G 16 T3 G G 165 T1 G T2 G 165 T3 G G 17 T1 G T2 G 17 T3 G G 175 T1 G T2 G 175 T3 G G 18 G 185 T1 G 18 T1 G T2 G 18 T2 G 185 T3 G 18 T3 G G 19 T1 G T2 G 19 T3 G G 195 T1 G T2 G 195 T3 G G 2 T1 G ±.6 6. ± 2. T2 G 2 T3 G G 21 T1 G T2 G 21 T3 G G 22 G 23 G 24 G 25 G 26 G 27 T1 G 22 T1 G 23 T1 G 24 T1 G 25 T1 G 26 T1 G T2 G 22 T2 G 23 T2 G 24 T2 G 25 T2 G 26 T2 G 27 T3 G 22 T3 G 23 T3 G 24 T3 G 25 T3 G 26 T3 G G 28 T1 G T2 G 28 T3 G G 29 T1 G T2 G 29 T3 G G 3 T1 G 3 3 T2 G 3 T3 G ± ± ± ±

100 V 15~1 55 O-ring shape and dimensions (unit : mm) JIS B 241 V (for Vacuum Flanges) Material : JIS NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9, VMQ-7, FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7, HNBR-9, ACM-7 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS) Fitting groove dimensions d1 A.1 max. h A.15 max. Cross section A-A ug1 ug2 V 15~1 55 Note O-ring dimensions Bore dia. d1 1) Cross section dia. O-ring No. Groove dimensions G1 G ±.2 V ±.24 V ±.33 V ±.37 V ±.49 V ±.61 4 ±.1 V ±.72 V ±.83 V ±.97 V ±1.18 V ±1.36 V ±1.7 V ±2.2 V ± ±.15 V ±2.68 V ±2.99 V ±3.3 V ±3.6 V ±3.92 V ±4.24 V ±4.54 V ± ±4.83 V ±5.12 V ±5.44 V ±6.6 V ±6.67 V unit : mm h.2 1) The tolerance of ore diameter d1 shows the specified values in JIS B 241 for NBR-7-1, NBR-9, NBR-7-2, EPDM-7, EPDM-9 and SBR-7 (Not standardized in the JIS) products. For VMQ-7 and ACM-7 products, the tolerance is 1.5 times these values, and for FKM-7, FKM-9, HNBR-7 and HNBR- 9 products, 1.2 times. 142

101 3 Application Examples of Oil Seals and O-Rings 3.1 Automoile Automatic transaxle Manual transaxle Engine Electric power steering Driving wheel Driven wheel 3.2 Motorcycle Engine 3.3 Rolling mill roll necks Rolling earing Oil-film earing 3.4 Rolling stock axles Doule row tapered roller earing Doule row cylindrical roller earing 3.5 Geared motor Hydraulic motor

102 3. Application Examples of Oil Seals and O-Rings 3.1 Automoile Automatic transaxle Bonded piston seal BPS Bonded piston seal BPS Bonded piston seal BPS Helix seal MHSA...XRT Helix seal with side-lip MHSA...SXLT Helix seal with side-lip MHSA...SXRT Manual transaxle Helix seal Friction damper FC MHSA...XRT Helix seal with side-lip Helix seal with side-lip MHSA...SXRT MHSA...SXLT 144

103 Engine Plug tue gasket MHR Valve stem seal Helix seal Helix seal VSHS MHSA...XRT MHSA...XLT Electric power steering Dust seal MHA...J 145

104 3. Application Examples of Oil Seals and O-Rings Driving wheel Mud-resistant seal with integrated sleeve Ball joint oot Doule lip seal D HRSD...FJ XHM...J Driven wheel HR seal with side-lip HR...S 146

105 3.2 Motorcycle Engine Valve stem seal VSS Clutch Ruer covered seal with minor lip Crankshaft MHSA Ruer covered seal with minor lip Drive shaft Pressure-resistant seal MHSA GMHSA...P 147

106 3. Application Examples of Oil Seals and O-Rings 3.3 Rolling mill roll necks Rolling earing Scale seal WR..RJ Scale cover H..J Water seal XMHE O-ring Large-size oil seal YS Oil-film earing MORGOIL seal MS...NJ Seal inner ring H..JM Water seal XMHE Scale seal WR 148

107 3.4 Rolling stock axles Doule row tapered roller earing Metal ring integral seal with reinforcement ring Metal ring integral seal with reinforcement ring GHMAH...S GHMAH...S Doule row cylindrical roller earing Metal ring integral seal with minor lip GHMS2A... Metal ring integral seal with minor lip GHMS2A