Emission Measurement and Testing of Multi Cylinder C.I. Engine Operated by Intercooled Turbocharger

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1 IJSRD - International Journal for Sientifi Researh & Development Vol., Issue, ISSN (online): - Emission Measurement and Testing of Multi Cylinder C.I. Engine Operated by ooled Turboharger Akshay Karande Dr. R. R. Arakerimath, Department of Mehanial Engineering, G.H.Raisoni ollege of Engg. & Mgmt, Pune University Wagholi.Pune, India Abstrat We know Turboharger as boosting devie whih inreases volu effii. Here is this work turboharger is modified with Wastegate valve. Wastegate operated and equipped turboharger are used to enhane the performane and redue emission. This study is mainly onerned on the effet of bypassing the exhaust whih is going to turbine. Three types of Wastegate opening are seleted that is,, and % opening. Now emissions at both outlets that is Wastegate and turbine outlet are measured. It is found that waste gate outlet has lesser emission of and HC.The use of a Wastegate operated turboharger on this test engine has learly inreased its performane ompared to its stok naturally aspirated form. As exhaust is bypassed from main exhaust line with different Wastegate opening seleted. is mainly funtioned for inrease in volu effii by ooling the intake harge so that more air to engine and whih results finally at higher engine output. As a result we found inrease in volu effii up to %. Key words: WG, DI, PPM I. INTRODUCTION A turboharger is devie as important part of all multiylinder diesel engines. Turboharger is an exhaust gas driven indution devie used in I.C. Engine to improve engine performane. This is done by foring ompressed air into the ombustion hamber allowing more fuel to be burned resulting in a large air fuel ratio, large power & the method is alled turbo harging. These devies use the energy of exhaust gases out from engine to run the turbine that in turns the air-ompressor that provides. Now a day s Wastegate operated turboharger are also beoming popular now a days. Waste gate valve bypasses the flow that is oming from exhaust so that we an vary speed of turbine. It has ertain effet of emissions that is being studied here in paper. We know that due to ompressor pressure and temperature of air is inreases. If it is possible to ool this air then density of air inrease and thus volu effii. are also used after the ompressor to enhane performane of engine. II. LITERATURE SURVEY How turboharger design has effet on engine performane and exhaust emissions was studied []. The test engine was a DI turboharged, interooled diesel engine. Attention was paid to the exhaust emissions partiulate matter (PPM) emissions of the engine that is, HC and. The engine was first equipped with a standard (Standard), whih was then replaed by a waste-gate (WG) turboharger. The engine was operated at three speeds within the entire load range. Basi performane, gaseous exhaust emissions and exhaust partile quantities were reorded. The results shows that the Wastegate TC is advantageous at high loads at low and medium speeds, where redutions of PPM emissions observed when running the engine with this TC. At rated speed, however, the Standard TC proved better than the WG one. The effet of inter ooled turboharged ondition is tested.[] Boost pressure is one the main parameter in omparing the performane indifferent onditions as it influenes the engine torque, power, and effii and exhaust emissions. The use of a given turboharger on this test engine has learly inreased its performane ompared to its stok naturally aspirated form. The inorporation of inter to the turboharger system inreases the performane even further. With the worldwide effort towards eo-friendly engines and fossil fuel shortage, the turboharger an help to have engines with enhaned engine performane, less exhaust emissions and maximum fuel eonomy. At onlusion it is mentioned that addition of the turboharger inreased the maximum output of the engine and redution in emission at the speeds above rpm and Below rpm, the turboharger is not supplied with enough exhaust energy to spin fast enough to produe above-atmospheri pressures in the intake manifold. Also HC and emissions are redued onsiderably when the engine is turboharged ompared to its stok naturally aspirated ondition. The effets of turboharger on the performane of a diesel engine using diesel fuel and biodiesel in terms of BP, torque, BSFC and thermal effii, as well as and NO emissions. [] For this aim, a naturally aspirated four-stroke DI diesel engine with diesel fuel and biodiesel, whih is rapeseed oil methyl ester, at full load ondition at the speeds between and RPM? Then, a turboharger system was installed on the given engine and the tests were onduted for both fuel ases. It was observed that emissions of in the operations with biodiesel were less than those in the operations with diesel fuel, whereas NO emission in biodiesel operation was higher. This study onludes that the use of biodiesel improves the performane parameters and dereases emissions of the turboharged engine ompared to normal diesel fuel. III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP & PROCEDURE The multi ylinder, four strokes. KW Mahindra, waterooled DI diesel engine with a bore of mm and stroke of mm and a ompression ratio of.: is used for the experiment. The engine load is applied with help of eddy urrent dynamometer. All rights reserved by

2 Fig. : Multi ylinder CI Engine setup Engine speifiation of urrent set up is as tabulated below. Make Mahindra Model MDI TCI Rated power. KW@ rpm Bore. Stroke. Compression ratio Type.: stroke ylinder water ooled turboharged Diesel engine Table : Engine Speifiations As per above mentioned title engine is tested for modified turboharger whih is provided with waste gate at turbine end And inter at ompressor end. Wastegate is for ontrolling emissions purpose and inter is obviously for improving volu effii and redution of NOx emissions. : - It is fitted after the ompressor as shown in figure.it onsists of oiled struture of opper pipe. We are not interested in design onsideration of inter, so information about no of turns of oil, insulating material, outer material of inter is omitted from study. After the ompressor air gets heated and thus temperature of this hot air is to be ooled with inter so that air density is inreases. Inreases in air density auses inrease in volu effii. The Wastegate:-The Wastegate is a valve that bypasses the turbine flow. When the Wastegate is opened the gases do not flow through turbine. This results in lesser power to the turbine and the turbine speed dereases, whih in its turn results in a lowered intake manifold pressure, In the long run this influenes the torque, but the effet is delayed and there is no diret onnetion between the Wastegate and the torque produed. One way the Wastegate is used is to avoid that the turbine spins to fast. Another purpose of the Wastegate is to avoid a phenomenon alled knoking. Knoking ours when the air/fuel mixture auto ignites and burns before the flame front, whih an ause damages to the engine. There is a larger risk for knoking when a turboharger is used beause of the boost pressure. Today the Wastegate is a mehanial valve opened by the differene in ompressor pressure and ambient pressure. If an eletrial valve would be used instead this would not be an issue. Wastegate fitted at urrent work is provided with three various positions. Firstly it is at % position, it means % of valve position is open that is bypasses % exhaust through Wastegate valve and remaining % is allowed towards the turbine. After rotating the turbine it is direted towards the atmosphere. Seondly it is at % position, it means % of the valve position is open that is bypasses % exhaust through Wastegate valve and remaining % is allowed towards the turbine. Lastly it is at % position, it means % of the valve position is open that is bypasses % exhaust through Wastegate valve and remaining % is allowed towards the turbine. After rotating the turbine it is direted towards the atmosphere. After rotating the turbine it is direted towards the atmosphere Emissions are measured at both the ends using Gas Analyser. Gas analyser gives in details about emissions of, HC and. Setup with Wastegate operated turboharger and installed inter at ompressor end is as shown in pitures below. All modified setup is installed at exhaust line oming from the turbine end. Fig. : Turboharger with Wastegate Valve And Installed At Exhaust Line The engine is tasted as per above three mentioned onditions of Wastegate positions, at various engine speed and at various engine load. The engine is kept firstly at % load. Then it is set at speed of RPM and this ondition three Wastegate valve positions are tested for emissions. Then keeping same % load, engine speed is hanged to RPM and same proedure is repeated of Wastegate position. Lastly again at same load speed is inreased up to RPM and same proedure for Wastegate. Now load is hanged from % to % and again engine speed is varied from RPM to RPM at this ondition Wastegate position is varied from %, % and %. At above these all onditions emissions are measured at both ends that is Wastegate outlet and turbine outlet. Wastegate outlet is treated as unused exhaust and turbine outlet is treated as used exhaust. Also at ompressor end we have inter as modifiation. The temperature of air entering at ompressor end, temperature behind the inter and temperature after the inter is measured at all these various ondition so as to alulate interooling effet and its effet on volu effii and redution of NOx emissions Another purpose of this setup to evaluate quality of air entering the engine. IV. OBSERVATION AND DISCUSSIONS As per projet title here effet of various Wastegate opening of turboharger on engine emissions is identified. Multi ylinder four stroke CI engine is available for testing. Engine is already turboharged one. Exhaust oming from All rights reserved by

3 engine is passed through turbine whih makes it to rotate. Turbine rotates ommon shaft whih is onneted to ompressor. Now exhaust oming out from the turbine whih is going to atmosphere is used for the further work whih is modified setup with new turboharger and Wastegate setup. Also after ompressor the inter is fitted for mediation purpose. Use of inter improves the volu effii and redues NO emissions. Now Wastegate fitted is modified setup for turboharger. This Wastegate provided with faility of bypassing the exhaust through turbine. Wastegate fitted provides faility of bypassing the exhaust at various positions. For further mentioned work we have seleted three types of opening as stated below, ) % position of Wastegate At this position % of total exhaust is bypassed, it means % of Wastegate valve is open and % ) % position of Wastegate At this position % of total exhaust is bypassed, it means % of Wastegate valve is open and % ) % position of Wastegate At this position % of total exhaust is bypassed, it means % of Wastegate valve is open and % Engine is maintained at fix RPM and above three onditioned are tested and emissions at both ends that is passing through Wastegate and whih is not passing through Wastegate valve. For mentioned work engine speed is maintained at RPM, RPM, RPM.Also engine is maintained at %and % load. This is done with dynamometer provided. The observations taken at this all onditions whih is tabulated below. For inter we passed the water through the oiled struture and ompressor air allowed to pass over the oiled pipe struture whih ontains old water.so thus air got ooled by onvetion. To study exat interooling effet mass flow rate of water is varied. Three onditions of mass flow rate are taken into onsideration first one is without water, seond one with ml/ se and third one ml/ se. how an this different mass flow rate an affet interooling phenomenon is studied. At Constant Speed of RPM Lo ad Wastegate position X=% X=% Used exhaust emission H C.... Unused exhaust emission H C..... S r. Sr. No. before X=% X=% X=% At Constant Speed of RPM At Constant Speed of RPM.. Table : Turbine Reading % inre S ase in r. after effii before after Table : ooling Reading (RPM) % inre ase Sr. in No befor after effii after e befor e % inre ase in effii % inre ase in effii All rights reserved by

4 Table : ooling Reading (RPM) Graphial presentation of above observations is presented below All above graphs explains the effet on emissions for urrent Wastegate modifiation. Graph and to explains about HC and emission at rpm and %, % load. It shows ontinuous redution in emission when opening is inreased gradually from % to %.also it an be seen that emissions are less at unused (Wastegate outlet) omparatively than used (turbine outlet). Graph and to explains about HC and emission at rpm and %, % load. It shows ontinuous redution in emission when opening is inreased gradually from % to %.also it an be seen that emissions are less at unused (Wastegate outlet) omparatively than used (turbine outlet). Graph and to explains about HC and emission at rpm and %, % load. It shows ontinuous redution in emission when opening is inreased gradually from % to %.also it an be seen that emissions are less at unused (Wastegate outlet) omparatively than used (turbine outlet). Table and table explains about how volu effii inreases at RPM and RPM. It shows that there is onsiderable inrease in volu effii. Experiments shows maximum of to % inrease in volu effii. Graph : Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening Graph : HC Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening Graph : Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening Graph : Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening Graph : HC Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening All rights reserved by

5 Graph : HC Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening Graph : HC Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening Graph : Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening Graph : Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening V. NCLUSION Current work represents effet of Wastegate operated turboharger on engine emissions at various speed and load onditions and effet of inter on engine performane whih is mentioned below. ) When engine speed and load kept onstant and Wastegate opening hanged from % to %, it is found that both HC and emissions are dereasing ontinuously. ) It is also onluded that Wastegate outlet (Unused) has less emissions than turbine outlet (Used). ) When engine load is kept onstant and speed is inreased gradually it is found in redution in emissions of, HC and. ) When load is inreased and speed ondition kept same again there is redutions of, HC and ) Also it is found that when load kept onstant and speed inreases and Wastegate position being %, then Wastegate outlet has fewer emissions than turbine outlet. ) Due to inter volu effii is inreased by up to - %. As RPM inreases the volu effii also inrease up to ertain extent.so it is onludes inter is more effetive at higher speeds. REFERENCES [] Seppo A. Niemi, Mika J. Laurén, Timo T. Murtone, Effet of Waste-Gate Turbo harging on the Exhaust Partiulate Matter of an Off-Road Diesel Engine, SAE Tehnial Paper --, [] Murat Karabektas, the effets of turboharger on the performane and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel, Renewable Energy me, Issue, April, Pages [] Rajoo, Srithar and Mohd Noor, Alias and Abdul Aziz, Azhar (), Performane Analysis of Turboharger Effet on Engine in Loal Cars. Projet Report. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. [] Capobiano, M. and Marelli, S., "Waste-Gate Turboharging Control in Automotive SI Engines: Effet on Steady and Unsteady Turbine Performane," SAE Tehnial Paper --,, doi:./--. [] M. Ghazikhani,M. Davarpanah,S.A. MousaviShaegh, An experimental study on the effets of different opening ranges of waste-gate on the exhaust soot emission of a turbo-harged DI diesel engine, Energy Conversion and Management,me, Issue, Otober, Pages [] [MassimoCapobiano, Silvia Marelli, Turboharger turbine performane under steady and unsteady flow: test bed analysis and orrelation riteria,energy Proedia me,, Pages Graph : HC Emissions At Various Wastegate Opening All rights reserved by