Heavy Metal Emissions from Danish Road Transport

Transcription

1 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Heavy Metal Emissions from Danish Transport 13th joint TFEIP/EIONET meeting May 2012, Bern, Switzerland Transport expert panel, Senior adviser Morten Winther Department of Environmental Science Aarhus University

2 Disposition Background: National study made in order to improve the Danish inventory for road transport HM Inventory overview Emission types Emission components Vehicle categories (sources) Methodology Results Final remarks

3 Inventory overview Emission types Fuel Engine oil abrasion

4 Inventory overview Emission components: As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn (UNECE metals)

5 Inventory overview Vehicle categories (gasoline, diesel, LPG) (gasoline, diesel) : 4 size categories (COPERT III), and gasoline : urban and coaches Mopeds Motorcycles

6 Methodology - fuel Metal content: Literature review and key experts Gasoline, diesel: µg/kg fuel Fuel consumption factors: COPERT data for Denmark Fleet and mileage data: Danish inventory

7 Methodology engine oil Metal content: Literature review and key experts Gasoline, diesel: µg/kg oil Functions for consumption of engine oil (l/1000 km) & vans, trucks & buses, motorcycles Fleet and mileage data: Danish inventory

8 Methodology tyre wear Metal content of brake material mg/kg: Literature review No distinction per vehicle type (except Zn) Wear rates from Danish Tyre Trade Organisation, vans, trucks (4 size categories), urban buses, coaches, mopeds, motorcycles: mg/vkm Speed corrections: EMEP/EEA (2009) Airborne fraction of worn material: PM 10 ~ 5 % of total wear PM size distributions: EMEP/EEA (2009) Fleet and mileage data: Danish inventory

9 Methodology brake wear Metal content of brake material mg/kg: Literature review & vans, trucks, buses Airborne fractions of worn material: EMEP/EEA (2009), vans, (4 size categories), urban buses, coaches, mopeds, motorcycles: mg/vkm Speed corrections: EMEP/EEA (2009) Fleet and mileage data: Danish inventory

10 Methodology road abrasion Metal content of asphalt mg/kg: Literature review Airborne fractions of worn material: EMEP/EEA (2009), vans, trucks & buses, : mg/vkm Fleet and mileage data: Danish inventory

11 Results per emission type Almost all Hg emissions come from fuel usage. Engine oil: Largest shares are noted for Cd (83 %). Substantial emission shares of Cr (33 %), Zn (28 %) and Ni (25 %). abrasion 82% As Fuel 9% Cu 9% 1 5% Cd abrasion Hg Fuel 83% 37% abrasion 12% Cr 2% Ni Fuel 16% 33% : Most important emissions are Se (58 %), Zn (33 %) and Ni (15 %). Fuel abrasion abrasion abrasion 1 Fuel 3% 25% : Most important source of emissions for Cu (100 %), Pb (96 %), As (82 %), Ni (46 %), Zn (39 %) and Cr (37 %). For Se the emission share is 40 %. 10 Pb abrasion Fuel 2% 4 Fuel 10 Se Fuel abrasion 2% 46% 39% Fuel Zn abrasion 15% 28% abrasion: the most important emission species are Cr (12 %) and Ni (11 %). 96% 58% 33%

12 Results per vehicle type As Cd Cr are the most important source category, followed by vans, trucks, buses and 6% 2 25% 48% 14% 2 4% % 4% 55% Cu Hg Ni 2% 16% 4% 7% 2 35% 6 18% % Pb Se Zn 35% 62% 6% 22% 2% 46% 19% 6% 5 24% 24%

13 Results new vs previous inventory for road transport Emission component Previous inv. Fuel Engine oil abrasion Total New:Previou s % diff. As Cd Cr Cu Hg Ni Pb Se Zn The emission difference between the new and the previous inventory for Pb is huge (around %) due to the emissions from brake wear. For Cu and Zn, large emission differences of around 600 % are noted. is a very dominant emission source for Cu also. For Zn, brake and tyre wear and engine oil are all important sources of emissions.

14 Results road transport share of revised Danish inventory transport is a key source for Cu (95 %), Zn (54 %) and Pb (53 %), and of some relevance for Cr (15 %). For the remaining emission components, road transport is only a small source of emission.

15 Final remarks This presentation has shown the Danish HM inventory for road transport in In subsequent work, estimates of HM emissions are made back to 1990 stratified into COPERT IV inventory layers. The basis data for fuel/engine oil have been implemented in COPERT IV (October 2011).

16 References Winther, M., Slentø, E. (2010): Heavy Metal Emissions for Danish Transport. National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark. 99 pp. NERI Technical Report no. 780.

17 Thank you for your attention!