Effect of Improved Stoves on Wood Consumption, Particulate Matter, and Carbon Monoxide Production

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Fernanda Romero, Víctor José rboleda, Jonathan rturo Guerra,

1 Effect of Improved Stoves on Wood Consumption, Particulate Matter, and Carbon Monoxide Production Bert Kohlmann, María Fernanda Romero, Víctor José rboleda, Jonathan rturo Guerra, Mildred Linkimer, lejandra rroyo, Ricardo Romero, Sam Bentson January 2018 Seattle

2 INTRODUCTION

Honduras Twelve rural communities were studied in the departments of Comayagua and Yoro in Honduras. Fifty measurements were done for traditional and improved cookstoves.

3 Honduras Twelve rural communities were studied in the departments of Comayagua and Yoro in Honduras. Fifty measurements were done for traditional and improved cookstoves. Panama Nine rural communities were studied in the province of Coclé in Panamá. Fifty measurements were done for traditional and improved DMK cookstoves. FIELD WORK (HONDURS PNM)

Compare the efficiency of the improved DMK with the Patsari and

4 DMK Stove Evaluate the efficiency of the improved DMK stove as used in the dry tropics of Panama (wood use and smoke). Compare the efficiency of the improved DMK with the Patsari and Perfecrion stoves used in Mexico and Costa Rica, respectively. MODEL IMPROVEMENT (DMK - PNM)

5 COMPRISON OF THE IMPROVED DMK STOVE WITH THE PTSRI ND PERFECTION STOVES

6 FIELD-METHODOLOGY (IP METER) verage PM Concentration verage CO Concentration 171 ug/m3 3,2 ppm verage PM Concentration verage CO Concentration 8 ug/m3 0,4 ppm

7 LB-METHODOLOGY (PEMS)

8 WBT (WTER BOIL TEST) ND PEMS (PORTBLE EMISSIONS MESUREMENT SYSTEM CO and CO2 emmissions. PM emmissions. Wood consumption. Cooking time.

9 WBT (WTER BOIL TEST) ND PEMS (POSTBLE EMISSIONS MESUREMENT SYSTEM 1) Cold start 2) Hot start 3) Simmer

10 RESULTS ND DISCUSSION

11 y ijklmnp = µ + α + β + γ + δ + θ + αβ + βγ + βδ + βθ + b( α) + ε i j k l m ij jk jl jm in ijklmnp observed response model fixed variable general effect fixed effect of mean fixed the of wood country fixed effect the wood stove effect of the model stove of presence/absence the location user of soot fixed interaction effect interaction between between between country interaction wood and wood stove wood between stove model stove model wood and model and stove soot location model presence/absence and type of user random effect of the type of wood within the country error term

12 PM, CO, ND WOOD CONSUMPTION STTISTICS IMPROVED VERSUS TRDITIONL PM µ/pm³ Carbon Monoxide ppm Honduras Panama 0 Honduras Panama

13 WOOD CONSUMPTION BY I-DMK ND OTHER MODELS DURING WBT Consumo de leña (g) B B 200 Típo de estufa mejorada

14 TIME SPN DURING THE WBT COLD STRT HOT STRT SIMMER Tiempo (minutos) B B Tíiempo (minutos) Tíempo (minutos) Tipo de estufa mejorada Típo de estufa mejorada Típo de estufa mejorada

15 CRBON MONOXIDE (CO) EMMISSIONS COLD STRT HOT STRT SIMMER CO (g) B B Tipo de estufa mejorada CO (g) Tipo de estufa mejorada CO (g) Tipo de estufa mejorada

16 CRBON DIOXIDE (CO2) EMMISSIONS COLD STRT HOT STRT SIMMER CO2 (g) Tipo de estufa mejorada CO2 (g) Tipo de estufa mejorada CO2 (g) Típo de estufa mejorada

17 PRTICULTE MTTER (PM) EMMISSIONS COLD STRT HOT STRT SIMMER PM (mg) B B Tipo de estufa mejorada PM (mg) B Tipo de estufa mejorada PM (mg) B Tipo de estufa mejorada

18 CO, CO2, PM EMMISSIONS, RH, POT TEMPERTURE DMK WBT CO2 (ppm) Duración de la prueba (min) CO (ppm) CO2 CO background cold start hot start simmer PM (ug/m3) Temp ( C ), RH (%) Duración 60 de 80 la prueba 100 (min) PM Pot Temp RH backgroun d cold start hot start

19 HOLISTIC EVLUTION OF THE IMPROVED WOOD-STOVES Stove type Time to Boil Wood Consumption (g) CO Emmissions (g) CO2 Emmissions (g) PM Emmissions (mg) Holistic Evaluation DMK Patsari CR

20 CONCLUSIONS Improved stoves performed way better than traditional ones in Honduras and Panama regarding PM, CO, and wood consumption parameters. DMK and PERFECTION tend to heat-up faster. DMK and PERFECTION have a better combustion process and therefore a lower CO production. There are no differences in CO2 production. Regarding PM production, DMK showed the highest values. The most efficient stove was the PERFECTION; however it is difficult to acquire and expensive. DMK and PTSRI represent a more practical and accesible model. The study, development, and technology transfer of this improved technology represents an advancement towards the sustainability of rural community in Central merica by diminishing wood consumption and toxic gases and improving thermal efficiency

21 THNK YOU!

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