Solution Sheet 1.

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Amie Green
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1 Solution Sheet 1

2 Oxidation Stability of Fuels Implication Significance Sufficient oxidation stability of any fuels is a basic requirement to guarantee a failure free operation of the fuel injection equipment The oxidation stability is a very important fuel property to describe the aging behavior of fuels A product with poor oxidation control will suffer in the field, and the consequences will eventually lead to the following: 1. Acidity increase leading to rusting/ corrosion 2. Oil thickening leading to loss of viscosity control 3. Sludging leading to filter or nozzle blocking Sheet 2

3 Traditional Oxidation Methods Fuel fame/blends gasoline jet Greases Oil Biodiesel EN C/8 hours Lubricating greases ASTM D942 DIN hours/400 hours RBOT turbine oils ASTM D C/delta p = 175 kpa Gasoline ASTM D525 ISO C/6 hours TOST steam turbine oils ASTM D943 max hours Diesel/gasoil ASTM D2274 EN C/16 hours Jet ASTM D873 Diesel/gasoil ASTM D5304 Each Product has its own method: Difficult to operate Inaccurate (D2274) Very long test procedures Cleaning Dangerous (D525) Sheet 3

RSSOT Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test Determination of: Oxidation stability of middle distillate fuels (diesel fuels and heater oils with up to 100 % biodiesel) according to ASTM D7545 and EN 16091

4 RSSOT Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test Determination of: Oxidation stability of middle distillate fuels (diesel fuels and heater oils with up to 100 % biodiesel) according to ASTM D7545 and EN Oxidation stability of spark ignition fuels according to ASTM D7525 Procedere: A 5 ml sample is introduced into a pressure vessel which is charged with oxygen to 700 kpa/500 kpa The pressure vessel is heated to 140 C The test is finished, when the break point/ induction period is reached Sheet 4

5 Test Principle: Induction Period/Break Point Pressure kpa p max p max -10 % 800 Induction period Time min. Definition: Pressure in the test apparatus, which is 10 % below the maximum pressure of the actual test run Sheet 5

Benefits at a Glance Safety approved by Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Correlation to EN 15751, ASTM D525 Compared to the traditional methods PetroOxy is: Faster Smaller More

6 Benefits at a Glance Safety approved by Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Correlation to EN 15751, ASTM D525 Compared to the traditional methods PetroOxy is: Faster Smaller More precise Easy to use Easy to clean Offers 10 programs to measure (for gasoline, diesel, biodiesel and blends, grease, custom modes) Memory of 20 results in the unit PC software delivered with the unit For exporting results to PC For real time curve acquisition Small portable instrument Sheet 6

7 Traditional Methods vs. PetroOxy Standards Traditional methods EN (biodiesel), EN (blends), ASTM D2274/ISO (diesel) PetroOxy Standards ASTM D7545, EN 16091, IP 595 (diesel, biodiesel, blends) EN 14112/EN have residues inside tubes that requires frequent change EN is a long test (spec is 20 h minimum according to EN 590) Precision is poor for low % of biodiesel (below 5 %), (not applicable for blends with biodiesel content < 2 %) ASTM D2274/ISO is 16 h, so very long test ASTM D2274/ISO has an extremely poor precision (R = 50 %) ASTM D2274/ISO is impossible to correlate to any other oxidation stability method Cleaning is a problem for both types of units Fast product release/optimization Short test time: approx. 1 hour Safe handling: only 5 ml sample volume Applicable for all diesel blends down to 0 % FAME Very good repeatability: 2.2 min for a test time of 1 hour Very good reproducibility: 6.5 min for a test time of 1 hour Easy cleaning: just wipe the cell with a soft tissue Sheet 7

8 Return on Investment Test ratio (compared to EN 15751) Test value (EUR) Cost saving (EUR per day) Return on investment 1 : Approx. 2 months Sheet 8

9 Traditional Method vs. PetroOxy Standard (Gasoline) Traditional method ASTM D525 PetroOxy Standard ASTM D7525 ASTM D525 is a dangerous test (50 ml sample, 100 C, 700 kpa) Cleaning is a problem Safe handling: only 5 ml sample volume Easy cleaning: just wipe the cell with a soft tissue Most units in the market need a PC to record pressure curve Short test time for fast product release/optimization Some problems with ethanol blends with no end point 360 min ATSM D525 = 19 min PetroOxy Very good repeatability (2.28 min) and reproducibility (5.97 min) Sheet 9

10 Return on Investment Test ratio (compared to ASTM D525) Test value (EUR) Cost saving (EUR per day) Return on investment 1 : Approx. 2 months Sheet 10

11 Measuring Petroleum - App Take an interactive trip through the entire petroleum production process and get a complete overview of all Anton Paar solutions, measured samples and applicable standards. Desktop-Version Download from itunes or GooglePlay Sheet 11

Instruments for the Analysis of Petroleum Products. Oxidation Stability

Instruments for the Analysis of Petroleum Products Oxidation Stability What is Oxidation Stability? Oxidation stability describes the resistance of a material towards oxygen. This is a basic requirement