Criterion 6 Indicator 28: Total and Per Capita Consumption of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents

Transcription

1 United States Department of Agriculture Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and Per Capita of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents James L. Howard David B. McKeever E.M. (Ted) Bilek Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory Research Note FPL RN 0338 March 2016

2 Abstract of wood and paper products and fuelwood, in roundwood equivalents, increased between 1965 and 1988 from 13.3 to 19.6 billion cubic feet per year. Since 1988, it has been about 20 billion cubic feet per year. per capita increased between 1965 and 1988, 68 to 80 ft 3 per year. Since 1988 through 2011, per capita has declined 42 ft 3 per year. excluding fuelwood increased steadily between 1965 and 1988, from 12.3 to 16.8 billion cubic feet, before flattening out between 1989 and Per capita, excluding fuelwood, has been declining since So, in roundwood equivalents, wood has been increasing at roughly the pace of population while paper is moving in the opposite direction. has been increasing faster than domestic harvest as net imports of wood and paper products have increased. If continues to increase faster than domestic harvest, then an increasing proportion of the environmental and economic effects of our will be felt in forests in other countries that export products to the United States. Keywords: Roundwood, roundwood harvest, per capita, per capita harvest Conversion table English unit Contents Conversion factor SI unit inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) square feet (ft 2 ) square meter (m 2 ) cubic feet (ft 3 ) cubic meter (m 3 ) pounds (lb) kilograms (kg) tons tonne (t) ( 10 3 kg) British thermal units (Btu) megajoules (MJ) Indicator Background...1 Verbatim Montreal Process Technical Advisory Committee Notes...1 Comments and Clarifications...1 Indicator Development...1 Indicator Interpretation and Discussion...3 Assessment of Ability to Measure Underlying Concern...3 Concluding Remarks...3 Literature and Data Sources...4 Appendix Tables and Figures...5 March 2016 Howard, James L.; McKeever, David B.; Bilek, E.M. (Ted) Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and per capita of wood and wood products in roundwood equivalents. Research Note FPL-RN Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 20 p. A limited number of free copies of this publication are available to the public from the Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI This publication is also available online at Laboratory publications are sent to hundreds of libraries in the United States and elsewhere. The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader information and does not imply endorsement by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) of any product or service. In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA s TARGET Center at (202) (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C ; (2) fax: (202) ; or (3) program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender.

3 Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and Per Capita of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents James L. Howard, Economist David B. McKeever, Research Forester E.M. (Ted) Bilek, Economist Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin Indicator Background The purpose of this report is to provide information on the rationale and data provided for Indicator 28 for the U.S. National Report on Sustainable Forests Information on the rationale for the Indicator and recommended data to be developed are taken from the report of the Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) of the Montreal Process (MP) (Montreal Process Working Group 2007). Verbatim Montreal Process Technical Advisory Committee Notes Rationale The quantity of wood and wood products consumed is an indicator of the relative importance of forests as a source of raw materials. Information on the of forest products, especially when compared with production levels, helps to illustrate the balance between supply and demand. When demands for are not balanced by supplies net domestic production plus imports the imbalance creates price pressures that often have repercussions in the forest sector or elsewhere in the economy and society that may call into question long-term forest sustainability. Measurement The measures desired are the following: Volume of wood-based forest products consumed, estimated as domestic production plus imports and minus exports. Fuelwood should be included. Converting all products into a common volume-based unit (roundwood equivalent) allows for aggregation as well as comparison with indicators that measure the productive capacity of forests (2.b 2.d and 6.1a). Per capita is the calculated ratio of the volume consumed and the reported national population. Government statistics are the preferred source for population information. data should be based on indicator 6.1.a. Import and export data should be taken from official government sources, indicator 6.1.f. Conversion of product units to roundwood equivalent could be based on conversion factors derived from recent studies that take into account national circumstances. As an alternative, conversion factors reported by international organizations (for example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, or the International Tropical Timber Organization) could be used. Comments and Clarifications Additions and Clarifications to Rationale It was agreed that was equivalent to national production plus net imports. Supply was equivalent to domestic national production. (Net imports = imports.) Trade is an important element in the interpretation of this indicator. High per capita may also reflect abundant resources. It was suggested that price information be included in the interpretation of this indicator, perhaps with references to prices of other materials (e.g., substitute materials such as plastics). Additions and Clarifications to Measurement Useful data might include the following: Description of wood products available for Amount of various wood and wood products consumed Size of market (population data) Current and past data may be available from government and industry sources, product distributors, and consumer organizations. Indicator Development Data Used to Address Indicator General Description The data provided for this indicator focus on quantifying the demand () for wood and wood products in the United States and the portion that is provided by domestic production. The data are also shown on per capita.

4 Research Note FPL RN 0338 may be expressed in terms of 1) the roundwood used to make products consumed in the United States and 2) the volume or weight of actual primary products consumed in the United States. We provide measures for both roundwood consumed and primary products consumed, as well as the portions from domestic production. Specific Data Sources of roundwood, the portion from domestic production, and per capita Table 1, imports, exports, and of softwood timber products, by major product, (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) Table 2, imports, exports, and of hardwood timber products, by major product, (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) Table 3, imports, exports, and of timber products, by major product, (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) These tables require special explanation. Apparent of roundwood is given by production of roundwood from U.S. forests (total harvest) plus roundwood equivalent of products imported to the United States minus roundwood equivalent of products exported from the United States. Roundwood equivalent of imports and exports is an amount of wood used if the products were made of roundwood in the United States. Also, the roundwood used for lumber products, plywood and veneer products, and pulpwood products is the roundwood that is received at mills and includes wood that ends up as mill residue and may be redirected to burning or to making other products such as panels or pulp. Table 4 Apparent U.S. roundwood, U.S. production for domestic use, and percentage of from U.S. from domestic use by species group, (million cubic feet roundwood equivalent) Table 5 Apparent roundwood production, trade, and, and production and trade versus, (milllion cubic feet roundwood equivalent and percent) Table 6 U.S. per capita apparent roundwood production, trade, and, (milllion cubic feet roundwood equivalent) of primary products, the proportion from production for domestic use and per capita Table 7 Lumber production, imports, exports, and, by softwoods and hardwoods, Table 8 Plywood production, imports, exports, and, by softwoods and hardwoods, (3/8-in. basis) Table 9, imports, exports, and of structural panel products, by type, (million square feet, 3/8-in. basis) Table 10 Paper shipments, imports, exports, and, Table 11 Paperboard production, imports, exports, and, Table 12 Wood energy per capita by end use and in roundwood equivalent, Table 13 Wood and paper product per capita (pounds per capita), Analysis Techniques General Description This report contains data for 1965 through Some data were derived from mathematical calculations and some show conversions from different units of measurement. All data, trade, production, or are reported in roundwood equivalents measurements. Specific Steps Taken The data were compiled from official government and trade association reports by state, region, national level, and year. The data were then organized by primary product commodity over time. These primary products were then converted to their roundwood equivalents using government- or industryapproved conversion factors. Data Issues The data on roundwood equivalent of use estimates of the roundwood equivalent of imports and exports assuming the products are made of roundwood in the United States. The estimate of roundwood use may be too large for paper imports or exports to the extent that recovered paper, rather than roundwood, is used for paper production. The amount of roundwood harvest that ends up in domestically used paper products may be too low to the extent that domestic wood ends up in exported recovered paper that is used overseas then imported to the United States. For primary wood products lumber, panels, and paper the estimate of the proportion of from domestic supply is accurate when focusing on products produced in the United States, but it should be recognized that a portion of this domestic supply is made using imported logs, chips, or market pulp. So, the portion of made from domestic production that uses domestic roundwood is somewhat lower. Data are not available generally on by region. is determined by levels of end use in each region construction, manufacturing, education, and a wide range of general business activities advertising, packaging, and communications. The level of these activities is associated with population and the level of economic activity. 2

5 Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and Per Capita of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents Indicator Interpretation and Discussion Indicator Results What Does the Indicator Show? of wood and paper products and fuelwood, in roundwood equivalents, increased between 1965 and 1987 from 13.2 to 20.2 billion ft 3. Between 1988 and 2011 total has been between 19.9 and 12.9 billion ft 3 per year (Table 3). Over this period, U.S. wood harvest declined. In 2011, per capita had fallen to 46 ft 3, near the low point in per capita which was achieved in 1960s (Table 6). Excluding fuelwood, wood, and paper products, in roundwood equivalents, increased steadily between 1965 and 1987, from 12.2 to 18.6 billion ft 3 before falling to 12.4 billion ft 3 in 2011 (Tables 3, 6, 10, and 11). Over this period, use of softwood and hardwood roundwood increased 53% and 56%, respectively, until 1988 before declining. Fuelwood increased to a high of 3.6 billion ft 3 in 1984 and had declined to 1.4 billion ft 3 in Most of the increase in wood and paper products occurred between 1965 and The rate of growth in was significantly less between 2006 and 2011 (Fig. 1). Per capita of wood and paper products and fuelwood, in roundwood equivalents, decreased between 1965 and 2011, from 68 to 46 ft 3 per year. Since 1987 through 2011, per capita has declined by 44% to 46 ft 3 per year (Tables 4, 6, 10, and 11). Over this period, per capita harvest decreased 41% (Fig. 2). Excluding fuelwood, per capita of wood and paper products, in roundwood equivalents, has been relatively stable, averaging 63 ft 3 per year. So, in roundwood equivalents, wood and paper products has been increasing at roughly the pace of population (Tables 4, 6, 10, and 11). Fuelwood use per capita increased to 15.3 ft 3 in 1984 and declined to 5.2 ft 3 in 2011 (Figs. 3, 4). How Has It Changed Since 2006? Trends have changed significantly since of wood and paper products (including and excluding fuelwood) have continued to decrease. Per capita of wood and paper products alone has fallen to about 46 ft 3. Per capita fuelwood has continued to decline. Regional Variation and Associated Issues If per capita of wood and paper products (excluding fuelwood) is relatively uniform across the country then, for 2011, wood and paper products (in roundwood equivalent ) was highest in the North (5.1 billion ft 3 ), followed by the South (4.6 billion ft 3 ), Pacific Coast (1.6 billion ft 3 ) and Rocky Mountains (1.1 billion ft 3 ) (Fig. 5). Assessment of Ability to Measure Underlying Concern General Assessment Since the data are national in origin and the wood products industries as well as various government agencies keep consistent wood products information, the ability to measure the concern of Indicator 28 is good. Congruence of U.S. Results with TAC Recommendations Because the availability of national data for this indicator is good, the U.S. results are consistent with TAC recommendations. We were able to compile national data to measure in roundwood equivalents total and per capita of wood and wood products in roundwood equivalents. Suggested Steps for Improvement The data on roundwood equivalent of use estimates of the roundwood equivalent of imports and exports assuming the products are made of roundwood in the United States. The estimate of roundwood use may be too large for paper imports or exports to the extent that recovered paper is used for paper production rather than roundwood. The amount of roundwood harvest that ends up in domestically used paper products may be too low to the extent that domestic wood ends up in exported recovered paper that is used overseas then imported to the United States. For primary wood products lumber, panels, and paper the estimate of the proportion of from domestic supply is accurate when focusing on products produced in the United States, but it should be recognized that a portion of this domestic supply is made using imported logs, chips, or market pulp. So, the portion of made from domestic production that uses domestic roundwood is somewhat lower. Cross-Cutting Issues and Relation to Other Indicators Data from this indicator are being constructed to be consistent with indicators on (31), recycling (33), employment (44), and injury rates (45) by using consistent data sources and data categories to allow comparisons. Concluding Remarks Since 2006, many sources of wood products data have been discontinued and trade codes have changed, making yearto-year comparisons of many wood commodities difficult to impossible. This trend is very likely to continue. The primary products data were available for this indicator so we were able to derive roundwood equivalents estimates of. 3

6 Research Note FPL RN 0338 Literature and Data Sources Howard, J.L.; Westby, R.M U.S. Timber production, trade,, and price statistics, Research Paper FPL RP 676. USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. 91 p. documnts/fplrp/fpl_rp676.pdf. Montreal Process Working Group Technical Advisory Committee. Annex D Technical note on implementation; Montreal process criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests. working/an-4.pdf. Accessed 2/15/2015. National Report on Sustainable Forests United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. FS-979. June National Report on Sustainable Forests United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service. FS-979. (In Progress). USDA Forest Service U.S. timber production, trade,, and price statistics, Misc. Pub Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDC Bureau of Census Historical statistics of the United States: colonial times to 1970; part 1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce. 609 p. census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/ct1970p1-01.pdf USDC Bureau of Census National population datasets: population, population change and estimated components of population change: April 1, 2010 to July 1, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce. Accessed 2/12/2015. USDOE Energy Information Administration Annual energy review DOE/EIA-0384(2000). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. 379 p. doe.gov/ftproot/multi-fuel/ pdf USDOE Energy Information Administration Monthly energy review, January DOE/EIA-0035(2002/01). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. 193 p. USDOE Energy Information Administration Monthly energy review, January DOE/EIA-0035(2012/01). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. 191 p. 4

7 Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and Per Capita of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents Appendix Tables and Figures Table 1, imports, exports, and of softwood timber products, by major product, (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) Industrial roundwood use All products Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products Fuelwood production and Ex- a ports a Other industrial products, production and b Logs Pulpwood chips ,499 9,331 8,319 1, ,151 4, , , , ,646 9,442 8,476 1, ,272 4, , ,003 2, , ,592 9,235 8,432 1, ,075 4, , , , ,096 9,788 8,956 1, ,648 4, ,333 1, ,131 2, , ,029 9,788 8,904 1, ,663 4, ,202 1, ,049 2, , ,206 9,821 9,101 1, ,716 4, ,044 1, ,099 3, , ,402 10,348 9,302 1, ,248 4,702 1, ,686 1, ,278 2, , ,659 10,681 9,569 1, ,591 4,849 1, ,068 1, ,404 2, , ,779 10,679 9,679 1,954 1,053 10,579 4,947 1, ,072 1, ,377 2, , ,103 9,795 8,993 1, ,685 4,341 1, ,154 1, ,171 2, , ,551 8,969 8,431 1, ,849 4, ,861 1, ,164 2, , ,511 10,226 9,381 1,760 1,045 10,096 4,624 1, ,618 1, ,360 2, , ,899 11,099 9,709 2, ,909 4,966 1, ,370 1, ,469 2, , ,185 11,613 9,900 2, ,328 5,009 1, ,644 1, ,509 2, , ,506 11,679 10,096 2,355 1,182 11,269 4,877 1, ,330 1, ,451 2, , ,563 10,414 8,988 2,061 1,210 9,839 4,011 1, ,168 1, ,185 3, , ,200 10,135 8,610 1,991 1,056 9,545 3,839 1, ,971 1, ,181 2, , ,009 9,930 8,389 2,018 1,097 9,310 3,726 1, ,845 1, ,127 2, , ,122 11,419 9,527 2,469 1,172 10,824 4,577 1, ,060 1, ,389 2, , ,351 11,947 9,716 2,690 1,094 11,312 4,715 1, ,389 1, ,401 2, , ,334 12,005 9,729 2,803 1,132 11,400 4,713 2, ,599 1, ,415 2, , ,109 12,646 10,591 2,766 1,228 12,128 5,259 2, ,027 1, ,507 3, , ,748 13,184 11,235 2,843 1,408 12,671 5,629 2, ,352 1, ,546 3, , ,796 12,884 11,288 2,743 1,654 12,376 5,603 1, ,100 1, ,482 3, , ,672 12,693 11,169 2,873 1,853 12,190 5,423 2, ,083 1, ,296 3, , ,466 12,277 10,968 2,580 1,769 11,779 5,154 1, ,580 1, ,253 3, , ,900 11,509 10,402 2,344 1,734 11,011 4,785 1, ,002 1, ,118 3, , ,062 12,035 10,563 2,575 1,602 11,536 4,981 1, ,503 1, ,147 3, , ,592 12,041 10,090 2,878 1,429 11,539 4,745 2, ,575 1, ,146 3, , ,781 12,419 10,268 3,016 1,378 11,906 4,883 2, ,893 1, ,172 3, , ,639 12,441 10,158 3,230 1,427 11,961 4,603 2, ,788 1, ,149 3, , ,528 12,413 10,080 3,243 1,359 11,964 4,703 2, ,994 1, ,130 3, , ,596 12,531 10,180 3,267 1,333 12,114 4,886 2, ,188 1, ,048 3, , ,577 12,827 10,097 3,336 1,085 12,348 4,866 2, ,295 1, ,085 3, , ,872 13,310 10,389 3,551 1,113 12,827 5,128 2, ,618 1, ,118 3, , ,738 13,241 10,430 3,673 1,170 12,933 5,180 2, ,776 1, ,078 3, , ,359 13,080 10,051 3,763 1,042 12,772 4,981 2, , , , ,404 13,288 10,115 3,895 1,011 12,999 5,161 3, , ,016 3, , ,622 13,731 10,334 4, ,443 5,273 3, , ,024 3, , ,105 14,750 10,812 4, ,457 5,628 3, , ,102 3, , ,297 14,947 11,002 4, ,652 5,861 3, , ,113 3, , ,809 14,280 10,514 4, ,985 5,554 3, , ,034 3, , ,701 12,111 9,396 3, ,805 5,064 2, , , , ,591 9,981 8,304 2, ,694 4,204 1, , , , ,439 8,239 7,173 1, ,973 3,350 1, , , , ,714 8,389 7,448 1, ,123 3,575 1, , , , ,016 8,485 7,750 1, ,218 3,856 1, , , , Source: Howard 2013, Table 6a. a Includes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board. b Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. Comsumption 5

8 Research Note FPL RN 0338 Table 2, imports, exports, and of hardwood timber products, by major product, (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) Industrial roundwood use All products Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products Fuelwood production and Ex- a ports a Other industrial products, production and b Logs Pulpwood chips ,647 3,865 2, ,130 1, , ,719 3,961 3, ,286 1, , , ,520 3,717 2, ,097 1, , , ,388 3,625 2, ,065 1, , , ,409 3,692 2, ,197 1, , , , ,180 3,401 2, ,971 1, , , ,212 3,478 2, ,078 1, , , , ,272 3,568 2, ,183 1, , , , ,431 3,730 3, ,325 1, , , , ,463 3,698 3, ,273 1, , , , ,923 3,101 2, ,651 1, , , ,192 3,413 2, ,943 1, , , , ,631 3,852 2, ,042 1, , , , ,270 4,516 3, ,276 1, , , , , ,920 5,135 3, ,340 1, , , , , ,623 5,698 3, ,168 1, , , , , ,447 5,547 2, ,957 1, , , , , ,675 5,816 2, ,081 1, , , , , ,004 6,201 3, ,561 1, , , , , ,638 6,880 3, ,895 1, , , , , ,516 6,835 3, ,990 1, , , , , ,631 6,906 4, ,328 1, , , , , ,712 6,995 4, ,432 1, , , , , ,888 7,036 4, ,479 2, , , , , ,091 7,108 4, ,570 2, , , , , ,130 7,103 4, ,582 2, , , , , ,023 6,829 4, ,299 1, , , , , ,262 7,035 4, ,490 2, , , , , ,503 7,377 4, ,795 2, , , , , ,659 7,515 5, ,894 2, , , , , ,728 7,578 5, ,122 2, , , , , ,469 7,245 5, ,954 2, , , , , ,735 6,530 4, ,404 2, , , , , ,845 6,761 4, ,718 2, , , , , ,702 6,669 4, ,611 2, , , , , ,514 6,595 5, ,281 2, , , , , ,169 6,341 4, ,028 2, , , , , ,993 6,248 4, ,016 2, , , , , ,507 5,928 4,280 1, ,701 1, , , , , ,731 6,228 4,484 1, ,980 2, , , , , ,712 6,219 4,457 1, ,964 2, , , , , ,632 6,123 4,377 1, ,868 1, , , , , ,464 5,674 4, ,374 1, , , , , ,468 4,486 3, ,263 1, , , , , ,438 4,467 3, ,333 1, , , , , ,346 4,323 3, , , , , ,478 4,420 3, ,287 1, , , , ,134 Source: Howard 2013, Table 7a. a Includes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board. b Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. Comsumption 6

9 Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and Per Capita of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents Table 3, imports, exports, and of timber products, by major product, (million cubic feet, roundwood equivalent) Industrial roundwood use All products Lumber Plywood and veneer Pulpwood-based products Fuelwood production and Ex- a ports a Other industrial products, production and b Logs Pulpwood chips ,153 13,196 11,238 1, ,281 6, ,908 1, ,137 3, , ,382 13,403 11,537 1, ,558 6, ,867 1, ,196 3, , ,160 12,952 11,380 1, ,172 6, ,648 1, ,175 3, , ,584 13,414 11,884 1, ,714 6, ,897 1, ,355 3, , ,583 13,480 11,963 1,944 1,047 12,860 5,965 1, ,783 1, ,275 3, , ,536 13,222 12,001 1,896 1,211 12,687 5, ,537 1, ,318 4, , ,737 13,827 12,237 2,107 1,017 13,327 6,182 1, ,201 1, ,535 3, , ,088 14,248 12,613 2,388 1,227 13,773 6,339 1, ,592 1, ,700 3, , ,426 14,409 12,921 2,404 1,421 13,904 6,490 1, ,667 1, ,628 3, , ,806 13,493 12,271 2,086 1,399 12,958 5,826 1, ,673 1, ,349 4, , ,672 12,070 11,102 1,664 1,266 11,500 5, ,160 1, ,338 3, , ,948 13,639 12,348 2,130 1,439 13,039 6,026 1, ,038 1, ,561 3, , ,790 14,951 12,790 2,510 1,350 13,951 6,461 1, ,882 1, ,673 3, , , ,680 16,129 13,155 2,857 1,408 14,604 6,586 1, ,221 1, ,729 3, , , ,706 16,815 13,501 2,769 1,660 14,610 6,516 1, ,969 1, ,646 4, , , ,464 16,113 12,359 2,395 1,747 13,008 5,623 1, ,745 1, ,323 4, , , ,867 15,682 11,687 2,342 1,527 12,502 5,158 1, ,254 1, ,330 4, , , ,861 15,746 11,506 2,371 1,487 12,391 5,133 1, ,219 1, ,317 4, , , ,282 17,619 13,047 2,926 1,589 14,384 6,121 1, ,551 1, ,630 4, , , ,133 18,827 13,513 3,189 1,494 15,207 6,491 1, ,116 1, ,627 4, , , ,994 18,840 13,544 3,366 1,520 15,390 6,404 2, ,271 1, ,654 4, , , ,891 19,552 14,795 3,351 1,689 16,456 7,105 2, ,830 1, ,751 4, , , ,619 20,179 15,543 3,473 1,913 17,103 7,611 2, ,274 1, ,823 4,982 1, , , ,902 19,921 15,836 3,343 2,324 16,855 7,667 2, ,014 1, ,728 5,075 1, , , ,763 19,800 15,722 3,420 2,383 16,759 7,541 2, ,115 1, ,471 5,149 1, , , ,596 19,380 15,577 3,091 2,307 16,361 7,317 1, ,637 1, ,410 5,313 1, , , ,922 18,338 14,894 2,808 2,393 15,310 6,746 1, ,841 1, ,255 5, , , ,324 19,070 15,280 3,090 2,344 16,026 6,983 1, ,383 1, ,288 5, , , ,095 19,418 15,011 3,465 2,143 16,334 6,887 2, ,595 1, ,293 5,423 1, , , ,440 19,934 15,306 3,632 2,139 16,800 7,052 2, ,935 1, ,328 5,576 1, , , ,367 20,019 15,430 3,917 2,265 17,082 6,815 2, ,877 1, ,321 5,972 1, , , ,997 19,658 15,258 3,899 2,239 16,918 6,886 2, ,053 1, ,291 5,753 1, , , ,332 19,061 14,790 3,864 2,136 16,519 7,103 2, ,270 1, ,224 5,183 1, , , ,422 19,588 14,899 3,979 1,812 17,065 7,298 2, ,638 1, ,276 5,187 1, , , ,574 19,980 15,032 4,231 1,825 17,438 7,629 2, ,035 1, ,322 4,962 1, , , ,253 19,836 15,631 4,622 2,039 18,214 7,384 2, ,892 1, ,290 5,983 1, , , ,528 19,421 14,907 4,700 1,807 17,800 7,052 3, ,699 1, ,225 5,780 1, , , ,398 19,536 14,878 4,877 1,738 18,016 7,217 3, ,012 1, ,256 5,699 1, , , ,129 19,658 14,614 5,064 1,535 18,143 7,177 3, ,023 1, ,257 5,557 1, , , ,836 20,978 15,296 5,744 1,602 19,438 7,671 3, ,028 1, ,393 5,692 1, , , ,009 21,166 15,459 5,802 1,646 19,616 7,883 3, ,231 1, ,403 5,679 1, , , ,441 20,403 14,891 5,408 1,446 18,853 7,552 3, ,602 1, ,337 5,679 1, , , ,165 17,785 13,560 4,345 1,726 16,180 6,921 2, , ,122 4,860 1, , , ,059 14,467 11,549 3,187 1,779 12,957 5,395 1, , ,548 1, , , ,878 12,670 10,478 2,453 1,661 11,270 4,576 1, , , , , ,060 12,792 10,660 2,523 1,791 11,392 4,569 1, , , , , ,494 12,905 11,094 2,469 2,058 11,505 4,950 1, , , , ,400 Source: Howard 2013, Table 5a. a Includes pulpwood and the pulpwood equivalent of wood pulp and paper and board. b Includes cooperage logs, poles and piling, fence posts, hewn ties, round mine timbers, box bolts, excelsior bolts, chemical wood, shingle bolts, and miscellaneous items. Comsumption 7

10 Research Note FPL RN 0338 Table 4 Apparent U.S. roundwood, U.S. production for domestic use, and percentage of from U.S. from domestic use by species group, (million cubic feet roundwood equivalent) Hardwoods U.S. production for domestic use Percentage of from U.S. production for domestic use U.S. production for domestic use Percentage of from U.S. production for domestic use U.S. production for domestic use Percentage of from U.S. production for domestic use ,331 8, ,865 3, ,196 11, ,442 8, ,961 3, ,403 11, ,235 7, ,717 3, ,952 11, ,788 8, ,625 3, ,414 11, ,788 8, ,692 3, ,480 11, ,821 8, ,401 3, ,222 11, ,348 8, ,478 3, ,827 11, ,681 8, ,568 3, ,248 11, ,679 8, ,730 3, ,409 12, ,795 8, ,698 3, ,493 11, ,969 7, ,101 2, ,070 10, ,226 8, ,413 3, ,639 11, ,099 8, ,852 3, ,951 12, ,613 9, ,516 4, ,129 13, ,679 9, ,135 4, ,815 14, ,414 8, ,698 5, ,113 13, ,135 8, ,547 5, ,682 13, ,930 7, ,816 5, ,746 13, ,419 8, ,201 5, ,619 14, ,947 9, ,880 6, ,827 15, ,005 9, ,835 6, ,840 15, ,646 9, ,906 6, ,552 16, ,184 10, ,995 6, ,179 16, ,884 10, ,037 6, ,921 16, ,693 9, ,108 6, ,800 16, ,277 9, ,103 6, ,380 16, ,509 9, ,829 6, ,338 15, ,035 9, ,035 6, ,070 15, ,041 9, ,377 6, ,418 15, ,419 9, ,515 6, ,934 16, ,441 9, ,578 6, ,019 16, ,413 9, ,245 6, ,658 15, ,531 9, ,530 5, ,061 15, ,827 9, ,761 6, ,588 15, ,310 9, ,669 5, ,980 15, ,241 10, ,595 6, ,836 17, ,080 10, ,341 6, ,421 16, ,288 10, ,248 5, ,536 16, ,731 10, ,928 5, ,658 16, ,750 11, ,228 5, ,978 16, ,947 11, ,219 5, ,166 17, ,280 10, ,123 5, ,403 16, ,805 8, ,374 3, ,179 11, ,694 7, ,263 2, ,957 9, ,973 6, ,333 2, ,306 8, ,123 6, ,189 2, ,312 8, ,218 6, ,287 2, ,505 9, Sources: Tables 1, 2, and 3. 8

11 Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and Per Capita of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents Table 5 Apparent roundwood production, trade, and, and production and trade versus, (milllion cubic feet roundwood equivalent and percent) Industrial roundwood (1) Trade and trade versus Fuelwood (2) (3) = (1)+(2) (4) (5) Net imports (6) = (4) (5) (7) = (3)+(6) Percent of from U.S. production for domestic use (8) = ((3) (5))/(7) as a percent of (9) = (4)/(7) [100% (8)] Net imports as a percent of (6)/(7) ,280 4,800 12, , ,580 4,650 12, , ,880 4,500 12, , ,215 4,350 12, , ,490 4,200 12, , ,625 4,050 12, , ,225 3,900 13, , ,555 3,825 13, , ,725 3,975 12, , ,275 3,825 13, , ,295 3,910 13, , ,020 4,035 13, , ,330 3,760 13, , ,170 3,780 12, , ,565 3,975 12, , ,285 3,975 12, , ,530 3,955 12, , ,940 4,040 11, , ,310 4,290 11, , ,725 4,075 11, , ,770 4,065 11, , ,565 4,270 10, , ,605 3,760 11, , ,535 3,375 11, , ,245 3,380 11, , ,350 3,225 11, , ,220 3,065 11, , ,775 3,200 10, , ,670 3,225 10, , ,045 3,170 11, , ,305 3,790 10, , ,610 4,390 9, , ,400 4,980 8, , ,040 5,005 9, , ,340 4,825 9, , ,095 4,510 9, , ,980 4,265 10, , ,370 4,075 10, , ,570 4,325 9, , ,370 4,190 10, , ,990 3,890 10, , ,055 3,595 11, , ,085 2,865 10, , ,560 2,785 10, , ,455 2,915 10, , ,605 2,975 9, , ,705 2,675 10, , ,090 2,685 10, , ,375 2,665 11,040 1,090 12, ,355 2,820 10, , ,530 2,270 10,800 1, ,385 12, ,745 2,230 10,975 1, ,205 12, ,775 2,010 10,785 1, ,160 11, ,790 1,920 10,710 1, ,235 11, ,755 1,835 10,590 1, ,195 11, ,225 1,745 10,970 1, ,270 12, ,620 1,655 11,275 1, ,325 12,

12 Research Note FPL RN 0338 Table 5 Apparent roundwood production, trade, and, and production and trade versus, (milllion cubic feet roundwood equivalent and percent) con. Industrial roundwood (1) Trade and trade versus Fuelwood (2) (3) = (1)+(2) (4) (5) Net imports (6) = (4) (5) (7) = (3)+(6) Percent of from U.S. production for domestic use (8) = ((3) (5))/(7) as a percent of (9) = (4)/(7) [100% (8)] Net imports as a percent of (6)/(7) ,615 1,565 10,180 1, ,155 11, ,530 1,480 10,010 1, ,185 11, ,390 1,390 10,780 1, ,345 12, ,925 1,300 10,225 1, ,225 11, ,745 1,215 9,960 1, ,245 11, ,035 1,125 10,160 1, ,405 11, ,560 1,055 10,615 1, ,350 11, , ,155 2, ,300 12, , ,146 1, ,042 13, , ,365 1, ,020 13, , ,113 1, , , ,484 1, , , ,438 1,944 1, , , ,386 1,896 1, , , ,614 2,107 1,017 1,090 13, , ,931 2,388 1,227 1,161 14, , ,210 2,404 1, , , ,566 2,086 1, , , ,474 1,664 1, , , ,703 2,130 1, , ,790 1,000 13,530 2,510 1,350 1,160 14, ,155 1,525 14,455 2,857 1,408 1,449 15, ,501 2,205 15,426 2,769 1,660 1,109 16, ,359 3,105 15,186 2,395 1, , ,687 3,180 14,647 2,342 1, , ,506 3,355 14,683 2,371 1, , ,047 3,235 16,126 2,926 1,589 1,337 17, ,513 3,620 16,988 3,189 1,494 1,695 18, ,544 3,450 16,850 3,366 1,520 1,846 18, ,795 3,096 17,740 3,351 1,689 1,661 19, ,543 3,076 18,461 3,473 1,913 1,560 20, ,836 3,066 18,684 3,343 2,324 1,019 19, ,722 3,041 18,763 3,420 2,383 1,037 19, ,577 3,019 18,596 3,091 2, , ,894 3,028 17,922 2,808 2, , ,280 3,044 18,324 3,090 2, , ,011 3,084 18,095 3,465 2,143 1,323 19, ,306 3,134 18,440 3,632 2,139 1,493 19, ,430 2,937 18,367 3,917 2,265 1,652 20, ,258 2,739 17,997 3,899 2,239 1,661 19, ,790 2,542 17,332 3,864 2,136 1,729 19, ,899 2,523 17,422 3,979 1,812 2,166 19, ,032 2,542 17,574 4,231 1,825 2,406 19, ,631 1,622 17,253 4,622 2,039 2,583 19, ,907 1,621 16,528 4,700 1,807 2,893 19, ,878 1,520 16,398 4,877 1,738 3,139 19, ,614 1,515 16,129 5,064 1,535 3,529 19, ,296 1,540 16,836 5,744 1,602 4,142 20, ,459 1,550 17,009 5,802 1,646 4,156 21, ,891 1,550 16,441 5,408 1,446 3,962 20, ,560 1,605 15,165 4,345 1,726 2,919 18, ,549 1,510 13,059 3,187 1,779 1,408 14, ,478 1,400 11,878 2,453 1, , ,660 1,400 12,060 2,523 1, , ,094 1,400 12,494 2,469 2, , Sources: : USDC BOC 1975, Table L 72 86; : USDA FS 1988, Table 4; : Howard 2013, Table 5a. 10

13 Criterion 6 Indicator 28: and Per Capita of Wood and Wood Products in Roundwood Equivalents Table 6 U.S. per capita apparent roundwood production, trade, and, (cubic feet roundwood equivalent) Population (millions) Industrial roundwood (1) per capita Fuelwood (2) (3) = (1)+(2) (4) Trade per capita (5) Net imports (6) = (4) (5) per capita (7) = (3)+(6)

14 Research Note FPL RN 0338 Table 6 U.S. per capita apparent roundwood production, trade, and, (cubic feet roundwood equivalent) con. Population (millions) Industrial roundwood (1) per capita Fuelwood (2) (3) = (1)+(2) (4) Trade per capita (5) Net imports (6) = (4) (5) per capita (7) = (3)+(6) Sources: Howard 2013, Table 1 (population), Table 5. 12