SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AGARTALA CITY

Transcription

1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN AGARTALA CITY Transportation Collection & Storage Dump Yard Generation of MSW Compost generation Processing BY MILIND RAMTEKE, IAS CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AGARTALA MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 1

2 Introduction: Capital Agartala (new) was founded in 1838 AD by Maharaja Krishna Kishore Manikya ( AD).Agartala is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura and is second largest city in North-east India after Guwahati, both in municipal area and population. Agartala lies on the bank of Haora River and is located 2 km from Bangladesh. The Nobel laureate Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore visited the city more than once and stayed in a house called Malancha Nibas that still exists. From 1901 to 1971 the city remained in a negligible development progress with only a 8 sq km or area but from 1981 Agartala started to expand and increase its connectivity in various fields along with its city area with sq km. Haora is the most important rivers in Tripura. Agartala city lies on the banks of the Haora River, which actually originates in Baramura Hills and merges into the Titlas River across the Bangladesh border. The river basin catchment area is approximately 488sq.km. The city of Agartala is located lower elevations than areas surrounding it, specifically making it look like a saucer. Agartala is Located on NH-44. It is the Capital & Main City of Tripura State and also Administrative, Business, industrial, Educational & Health Center having Airport and Railway facility. Agartala Municipal Council(AMC):The The Agartala Municipality was instituted in 1871 AD during the reign of Maharaja Chandra Manikya ( AD). The 1st British Political Agent, Mr. A.W.B. Power appointed for hill Tipprah in 1871 AD, was offered the honour of being the Chairman of the Agartala Municipality. The Municipal Administration in Agartala was established in 1874 A.D and the city became a planned city by the then Maharaja Bir Bikra Manikya Bahadur in 1940s.This erstwhile Princely State Capital of Tripura merged with India on 15th October Pt5resent area of AMC is sq km. AMC is going to be declared as Municipal corporation very soon. Brief information of AMC: Four Zones- South, North East and Central, 2

3 Number of wards-35 Total Area Sq Km and Density of 6,251/Sq km (16,190/sq mile). No of Households is (Tentative) No of families as per ROR: Categories of Solid Waste Generation in Agartala: 1. Municipal Solid Waste & 2. Biomedical Waste Municipal Solid Waste: As per the MSW Rules-2000, Municipal Solid Waste is a trash/garbage that is discarded on day to day basis in a human settlement and includes commercial and residential waste generated in a Municipal or notified areas in either solid or semisolid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including treated biomedical waste. Rules and Guidelines to be followed by Municipalities in the field of Solid Waste Management: Municipal Solid Waste Rules 2000 Created by the Ministry of environment and Forests, GoI in 2000 Foundation stone for SWM in India National Urban Sanitation Policy Formulated by the Ministry of Urban Development GoI in 2008 Broadly covers the aspects of Urban Sanitation including SWM Service Level Benchmarks by Ministry of Urban Development GOI Guidelines mentioned in JnNURM SWM Toolkit 2012 Benchmarks to evaluate the performance of Urban Services by Urban Local Bodies Mentions various Solid waste management rules, guidelines, procedures for handling, transporting processing and disposal 3

4 Composition of Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) in Agartala City Dead Animals/ Carcasses Horticulture waste Constructi -on debris Road sweeping waste MSW Household Waste/ kitchen waste Institutional Commercial workshops waste Waste from Market/ Mandies Drain Silt Quantity and composition of daily generation of MSW in Agartala City: Sources of Solid Waste Generation Quantity ( Tentative) Waste Generated from door to door collection 20 MT/Day Waste Generated by Vegetable Markets, Fish Markets, Mandis etc 60 MT/Day Waste generated by workshops/garages/electronic waste 4.5 MT/Day Commercial waste (Hotels/shops/Institutions) 30 MT Dead Animals/Carcasses 0.5 MT Waste thrown collected by Sweeping and construction debris 125 MT Drain silt 10 MT Total daily Solid Waste Generation 250 MT/Day Agartala being a rapidly growing city, generates large quantity of Solid Waste and other waste such as bio-medical waste. As such there has not been any systematic study regarding the quantity of the Municipal Solid Waste generated in Agartala City. But from the reference of the SWM toolkit prescribed by 4

5 JnNURM, a city with population of 4-5 lakh and with middle level of economic activity generates MSW at the rate of 0.5 to 0.6 kg per capita per day. As per this calculation and as per the weight done at dumpyard, daily on an average MT of solid waste is being generated in the city which increases during the period of festivals such as Durga Puja. % of various types of Solid Waste in Agarala city 4% 12% Waste Generated by Household waste/kitchen Waste( door to door collection) Waste Generated by Vegetable Markets, Fish Markets, Mandis etc 50% 12% 20% Waste generated by workshops/garages/electronic waste Commercial waste (Hotels/shops/Institutions)15% 2% Dead Animals/Carcasses 0% Waste thrown on roads collected by Sweeping of roads From the above pie-diagramme it is noticed that extent of primary collection of Municipal Solid Waste (door to door collection of household garbage) under Agartala city is much less than that of the secondary collection. The secondary collection which includes the garbage generated on roads by sweeping and cleaning activity, amounts to about half of the daily generated garbage. In fact this garbage is nothing but the same garbage which is thrown by the people on the roads and inside the open drains. The quantity of the solid waste generated from the markets and mandies comprises about 20% of all the generated garbage. The reason for this is that Agartala is the main city where there are large number of big, medium and small vegetable, fish, meat etc markets. It has been also noticed that due to increasing construction activity under the city, proportion of construction debris is also increasing day by day. The extent of industrial and electronic waste is almost negligible as there are no major industries inside Agartala City. But as the city will keep of growing economically and commercially, extent of electronic waste will rise in future. 5

6 Inert waste recovery though Physical Screening and manufacturing building mate-(eco-bricks) Waste Generation Stage Primary Collection Secondary Collection & Transportation Waste Treatment Waste Waste Generation : Door to Door Collection House Holds, Commercial Waste, Street Sweeping Waste, Parks, Municipal waste from Hospitals etc. Community Collection Recovery of Bulk Generations: Market, Instutions, Hotals& Restaurants, Salughter House Waste etc. Street Sweeping Bulk Collection from Markets, Institution, Hotels and Restaurants, Boarding House etc Bins (DP containers)/refuse Compactors/ Dhalaos Transfer Station(to economize waste transportation) Recyclable waste Biological Treatment Technology -Aerobic composting, -Anaerobic Decomposition methods (Such as biomethanation) Disposal in Sanitary Landfill Drain Clearing Sludge Or Thermal Treatment Technology -Incineration, -Gasification etc. Construction and Demolition(C&D) Waste: Consists of concrete & masonry waste-non Recyclable Stages of Waste generation, collection, transport and disposal as per the Guidelines mentioned in the SWM Toolkit given by Urban Development Ministry, GoI. 6

7 Primary Collection of Municipal Solid Waste under AMC- Primary collection is the practice of waste collection from its very source of generation. Primary collection includes house to house for door to door collection, collection of waste from commercial units like shops, hotels and restaurants. House to house garbage collection under some wards of AMC is being done by NGOs using tri-cycles and auto rickshaw. Rs. 30/house per month is being charged by the NGO as user fee.efforts are going on to give the service six days in a week and to further improve the system by procuring new small auto trucks.present Coverage:30 to 40 % Secondary collection of Municipal Solid Waste under AMC: Agartala Municipal Council has placed more than 500 number of medium(1.1 cu meter) and large size(4.5 cu. Meter) Bins/containers by the side of major roads and in market and commercial areas. Daily more than 400 sweeping staff sweep the roads and market areas and garbage is collected in above said bins. Also one sweeping machine is also engaged for sweeping roads where there is footpath by the side of road. Transportation: Solid Waste thus generated is transported to the dump yard of Agartala Municipal Council which is about 15 km away from the main city of Agartala. On an average 25 vehicles of Agartala Municipal Council move daily twice or thrice for this purpose. As per the standard calculation about 40 vehicles make three trips for the Dump-yard. For this no of labours from Mechanical section of Agartala Municipal Council are engaged, majority in morning and some in after noon shift for lifting the garbage from the roadside and from the drains and also from various dustbins/containers. All the vehicles of Mechanical wing are installed with GPS enabled vehicle tracking system. 7

8 Disposal of SWM at present: At present all the garbage thus collected from the city is disposed in open in two Dump yards by way of landfill without proper processing. There is some facility for processing of garbage at Debendra Chandra Nagar Dump yard but it is not so scientific and sufficient. Hence most of the garbage is dumped without processing. Work for Rs Crore, 250 Tons per day solid waste processing plant has already started at Debendra Chandra Nagar Dump yard. New initiatives by Agartala Municipal Council in the sector of Solid Waste Management : New initiatives are being taken up and are planned to be implemented in near future as per the guidelines mentioned in the SWM Toolkit given by JnNURM. 1. Procurement of modern sophisticated SWM Vehicles: Agartala Municipal council recently procured modern SWM vehicles worth about Rs. Eight Crores with the assistance from the State Government which includes 3 number of 14 Cu Meter Refuge Compactors, 10 Number of 8 Cu Meter Refuge Compactors, four no of skid steer loaders, 400 no of medium containers etc. With these vehicles the collection and transportation of MSW under Agartala Municipal council shall become more efficient and economical. By one estimate, the efficient use of refuge compactors may save Rs. 50 lakh per year. 2. Procurement of two powerful heavy de-silting machines for drain clearance: Two number of powerful de-silting machines have been recently procured which will be helpful for reduction of manual cleaning of city drains to significant level. The silt is being disposed in the landfill at the Dump yard. These machines will ensure speedy cleaning of covered drains of city. 8

9 Newly Procured De-Silting Dump Tank of De-Silting Machine 3. Phasing out of old vehicles and small containers- about 20 No of old vehicles including small and medium dumper placers, old trucks and trippers will be phased out thus saving around Rs 50 lakh per year which is at present required for fuel and repair maintenance of these vehicles. Provision has been made in budget of AMC. 4. Installation of software for vehicles of SWM- Already a software has been prepared by NIC which will be helpful for online issue of fuel for vehicles, procurement of spare-parts etc thus eliminating the scope manual manipulations. The software has been prepared by NIC and shall be installed and become operational soon. 5. Uniform/dress to conservancy staff: As per the guidelines mentioned in the SWM Toolkit Agartala Municipal council has started distribution of the uniform, protective gears such as caps, boots, gum-boots, hand gloves, cloth masks etc to all the workers engaged in sweeping and garbage lifting activity. As per the norms Agartala Municipal council shall provide two sets of uniforms to all the conservancy staff of Agartala Municipal Council each year. Necessary allocation has already been done in the budget of this year for the said purpose. Newly Provided Uniform/dress to conservancy staff 9

10 6. Use of sweeping machine so as to improve cleanliness and efficiency: Agartala Municipal council has recently procured one sweeping machine to assist the sweeping staff to ensure cleaning and sweeping in proper way. Mechanical sweeping under process 7. Setting up of 250 TPD Solid Waste Processing plant at Devendra Chandra Nagar, Agartala ( Project Cost Rs Crore): Agartala Municipal Council is going to set up 250 tons per day capacity Solid Waste Processing Plant ( Composting and Scientific Landfill) Joint venture basis. Fund is made available by the State Government under SPA. Already the work has started. Plant to be operational by March There will be also generation of eco-bricks. 8. Dispensary for regular health check up of SWM workers: As per the SWM Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Urban development Government of Tripura, at least two medical check ups are mandatory for all the personnel dealing with SWM. At present no such health check ups are being done under Agartala Municipal Council. Now Agartala Municipal Council has decided to set up one OPD based dispensary which will become functional by September All the staff dealing with SWM shall be 10

11 given health cards and there shall be two health check ups mandatorily after 6 months. Necessary budget provisions have already been made in this year budget for the said purpose. 8. Start of regular, dedicated Primary Municipal waste collection system (door to door garbage collection system) in some wards.- In addition to the existing door to door garbage collection system, Agartala Municipal Council has started primary Municipal Waste collection (door to door ) system which will be on daily basis for six days in a week and mechanized vehicles such as Auto trucks shall be used for door to door garbage collection in order to save the time and increase the efficiency and effectiveness. At present this system has been started in in some uncovered wards in which the expenditure for auto rickshaw hiring shall be borne by Agartala Municipal Council and the payment of the NGOs collecting the door to door garbage shall be made through the user fee of Rs 30/household/month. The outcome/effects are under study at present. New regular Door to door garbage collection system on daily basis in ward no 3 of AMC 7. Plan for generation of awareness among citizens through IEC activities: AMC has planned for massive IEC activities on SWM through Leaflets, banners, posters, announcements, small movie clips on SWM, Newspaper adds, school programmers for maintenance of cleanliness and sanitation and for extending cooperation to AMC for Sweeping, Cleaning, lifting of garbage and also for door to door garbage collection. Effort will be to bring change in the attitude of common people so that the people may stop throwing garbage on roads and drains, water bodies and keep the garbage ion the roadside containers or give it to the AMC staff/ngo who is coming for door to door collection of garbage.. 11

12 Some other related initiatives under Agartala Municipal council 1. Collection, Transportation and disposal of bio- Medical ( hazardous waste) 2. Sewerage system under North Zone 3. Mechanical Septage collection and treatment of septage at Sewerage Treatment Plant 4. Construction of ILCS for EWS families 5. Rs. 200 Crore Drainage Project under 13 th Finance Commission Grant 1. Collection, Transportation and disposal of Bio- Medical ( Hazardous waste): Agartala Municipal Council is collecting bio-medical waste from all the Government/private hospitals, nursing homes, medical colleges, pathology laboratories on daily basis. Necessary safety norms are being followed for this purpose. Some user fee is being charged for this. The bio-medical waste which is collected is incinerated in the Diesel incinerator of Agartala Municipal council located at Hapania. Collection Transportation Incineration 2. Sewerage Scheme at North Zone of Agartala Municipal Council under JNNURM Currently, the City of Agartala does not have an underground sewage collection and sewage treatment system. The untreated sewage finds its way into several drainage channels of the city and eventually finds its way into the Haora River, Khatakhal River, and Akhaura channel. As an impact of this, the 12

13 water quality is affected severely, which is also confirmed by monitoring the physic-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the river water upstream and downstream of the City of Agartala. The Central Pollution Control Board identified the river stretch along the City of Agartala for the Haora River to be one of the grossly polluted stretches in minor river basins in India and has recommended immediate conservation measures. The Tripura Pollution Board carried out assessments and recommended the implementation of a comprehensive sewerage collection and sewage treatment system for the City of Agartala. Agartala Municipal council has taken up Rs Crore Scheme under progress JNNURM for North Zone of Agartala Municipal Council to be operational by December Almost 70 % work completed. 95 km sewer line network covering entire North Zone of AMC, 3500 manholes, 9 pumping stations, 11 lifting stations, one Sewerage Treatment Plant with 8 million liter per day sewerage processing capacity. The scheme may be functional by March The components are- 1. Sewerage House Connections and pipelines 2. Sewage Pumping Stations 3. Sewage Treatment and Disposal Facilities 13

14 3. Mechanical Septage collection and treatment of septage at Sewerage Treatment Plant: Mechanical collection of septage Proposed treatment of septage in STP i. AMC has set up the target to clean septic tanks mechanically per year using cess-pool machines. For this AMC is going to procure two number of split type cess-pools which can enter inside narrow lanes and gullies of the city. Also two conventional cess pools are going to be procured shortly thus taking the total number of cess-pools to six from the present two upto December If one cess-pool can clear 4-5 septic tanks per day then six cesspools can clear septic tanks per day. Thus the target of mechanical clearance of septic tanks in a year can be achieved. For making the cess-pool services sustainable from the current loss making practice, a proposal to raise the charge of cess-pool services to Rs. 1500/trip from that of the Rs. 900/trip. AMC is going to start online booking and payment for cess pool services very shortly. 14

15 ii. iii. iv. Treatment of the septage thus collected shall be done in the 8 Million Liters per Day(MLD) Capacity Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) which is going to be operational by March 2014 under the JnNURM Sewage Scheme under ward no 2 of AMC where pure water will be generated out of this septage which can be used for horticulture/agricultural purpose.. Simultaneously AMC is taking steps for massive public awareness through print, electronic media, small movies clips on SWM, various mass programmes, by pamphlets, leaflets etc especially during the coming Durgapuja period. Proposal for legal action against those who put the septage and overflow of the septic tanks into the storm-water drains thus violating Tripura Building Rule Integrated Low Cost sanitation (ILCS) Scheme implementation under AMC: Integrated Low Cost sanitation is scheme for urban poor under Ministry of HUPA, Government of India. Already a DPR for construction of ILCS units across the city of Agartala has been approved by the Government of India in 2012 and till date more than 3500 ILCS units have already been constructed under this scheme. Agartala Municipal council is trying hard to complete the target of construction of no of Integrated Low Cost Sanitary Latrines by the end of March 2014, which will help to eliminate the practice of dry latrines and open air defecation from Agartala City and shall help significantly to reduce the contamination level of the rivers and water bodies. Old Dry Latrine New ILCS Latrine 15

16 5. Drainage Project under 13 th Finance Commission Grant: Work has already started under Agartala Municipal Council for construction of RCC covered drains worth of Rs. 200 Crore under Agartala Municipal Council area under 13 th FC grant in aid. Covering of the drains shall cerate space for foothpaths and shall ease congestion and traffic on the road. Also it will help to prevent throwing of garbage and plastic materials into the open drains by careless people thus chocking the drains and contaminating and blocking the flow of storm water drainage. *************** OUR GOAL To make City of Agartala fully clean and green by effective contribution and active participation of all the stake-holders under Agartala Municipal council. ******************************* 16