2 nd International Conference on Timber Bridges. Ryan Woodward Ted Zoli. Las Vegas, Two Bridges Built Using Black Locust Wood

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1 2 nd International Conference on Timber Bridges Ryan Woodward Ted Zoli Las Vegas, 2013 Two Bridges Built Using Black Locust Wood

2 Squibb Bridge Brooklyn, NY TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 2

3 12-6 CL CL. Underslung Suspension Bridge: Highly efficient form Material palette from BBP Small dia. Black Locust Steel cables & connections PLAN HOTEL/RESIDENTIAL (BEYOND) 5% SQUIBB PARK (BEYOND) DRIVEWAY FURMAN STREET VIEW A-A TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 3

4 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 4

5 Black Locust Timber: Sustainable Small diameters harvested young Fast growth Locally sourced Rot resistant no coating required Strong Low shrinkage (11.4% vol.) Galvanized steel cables & hardware TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 5

6 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 7

7 Ratios of dry to green clear wood properties Modulus of Rupture Modulus of Elasticity Compression Parallel to Grain (ASTM D2555) TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 8

8 Locust Borer (Megacyllene robiniae) Lunch TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 9

9 Timber Piles standard and proprietary connections TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 10

10 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 11

11 Structural Systems - Triakonta: TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 12

12 Turning a Black Locust Log, Cornell University, 2010 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 13

13 Structural Systems Prestressed Segmented Arch: TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 14

14 Annular band connections on communication towers up to 40 m tall. TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 15

15 Capped end connections Modular kit-of-parts Simple fabrication & erection TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 16

16 Four Bar Linkage TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 17

17 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 18

18 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 19

19 Squibb Bridge Brooklyn, NY TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 20

20 TA Footbridge Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 21

21 Pressure treated wood deck, on unpainted steel beams Advanced corrosion, significant section loss TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 22

22 Elevation Elevation Elevation Axial Axial force force in in lattice lattice members members (kips) (kips) AASHTO STR-I Strength-I combo Combination Axial Axial force force in in chords chords & arch arch rib rib (kips) Axial force in lattice members (kips) Axial force in chords & arch rib (kips) TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 23

23 Chord ear (kips) Shear (kips) T1 T4 T7 T10 T13 T16 T19 Top Chord Max. Shear (kips) Shear (kips) Shear (kips) TA Footbridge Peg Shear Diagrams Peg Shear Diagrams Top Chord V0 VAB VBC VCD VD Sect Yield modes of failure for doweled connections (Timber Framers Guild) Mode V (peg shear failure) (Miller, Schmidt, & Bulleit) Peg Shear Diagrams Top Chord V0 VAB VBC VCD VD TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD Section - Top Chord CL BRIDGE

24 B1 B3 B5 B7 B Bottom Chord Max. Shear (kips) No. of Pegs A21 A23 A25 A27 T1 T4 T7 T10 T13 T16 T19 T22 T25 T28 A1 A3 A5 A7 A9 A11 A13 A15 A17 A19 A21 A23 A25 A27 Arch Rib Max. Shear (kips) Top Chord Max. Shear (kips) No. of Pegs No. No. of Pegs of Pegs B21 B23 B25 B27 B1 B3 B5 B7 B9 B11 B13 B15 B17 B19 B21 B23 B25 B27 T22 Shear Bottom (kips) Chord T25 Max. Shear (kips) T28 No. of Pegs No. of Pegs T1 T4 T7 T10 T13 T16 T19 T22 T25 T28 T Max No. o N Peg Shear Diagrams Top Chord Axial force in lattice members (kips) Axial force in chords & arch rib (kips) AASHTO 0Axial 1.0 force 2 STR-I in combo lattice members (kips) 1 Axial force in chords & arch rib (kips) -2 AASHTO Strength-I Combination V0 VAB VBC VCD VD Section - Top Chord CL BRIDGE (SYMM.) s) No. 2.5of Pegs force per 2.0peg anel point Panel Point 3.5 Max Shear Force per shear plane (kips) No. of Pegs 3 Figure 6 TA Bridge: maximum shear force per peg shear plane and no. of pegs at each panel point. 2 Computed shear force per peg shear plane 1 0 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 25

25 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 26

26 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 27

27 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 28

28 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 29

29 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 30

30 TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 31

31 Testing Full-Size Members for Squibb Bridge (Univ. of Maine) 150 mm diameter x 1.83 m logs (6 dia. x 72 ) 50 mm x 200 mm x 2.49 m beams (4 x 10½ x 98 ) TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 32

32 TA Foot bridge Squibb Bridge FPL Black Locust FPL White Oak Mean (ksi) COV (%) PTL Mean (ksi) COV (%) MC (%) COV (%) Mean COV (%) Compression Strength: Two rounds of testing Compression Parallel to Grain n Ultimate Compressive Strength Modulus of Elasticity Moisture Content Specific Gravity 20 3, ,321 * 1, Grn , ,434 * 1, Grn , ,051 * 1, , ,424 * 1, * PTL = lower 5% at 75% confidence (ASTM D2915) TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 33

33 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 Counts Counts & Weibull Probability Compression Strength: Two rounds of testing Squibb Block ABridge TA Block Footbridge B Combined Weibull Block A Weibull Block B Weibull UCS (psi) UCS (psi) Use caution drawing comparisons. It may not be reasonable to combine the data sets. TWO BRIDGES BUILT USING BLACK LOCUST WOOD 34

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