Problem Identification for Highway Safety Plan

Transcription

1 Transportation Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report University of Kentucky Year 1985 Problem Identification for Highway Safety Plan Jerry G. Pigman Kenneth R. Agent University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, This paper is posted at UKnowledge. researchreports/948

2 Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Acc ession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. UKTRP Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Problem Identification for Highway Safety Plan August 1985 (FY 1986) 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author s). B. Performing Organization Report No, J. G. Pigman and K. R. Agent UKTRP , Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit Na. (TRAIS) Kentucky Transportation Research Program College of Engineering University of Kentucky 11. Controet or Grant No A-300/ Lexington, Kentucky Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Kentucky State Police Highway Safety Standards Branch inal 919 Versailles Road 14. Sponsoring Ageney Code Frankfort, Kentucky Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract An annual highway safety program is proposed each year for the State of Kentucky in order to comply with Section 402, Title 23 of the United States Code. This program includes the identification, programming, budgeting, and evaluation of safety projects. This report is the sixth in a series of annual reports which have been prepared as the problem indentification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan. In the past, the approach to problem identification has been to identify problem areas in the 18 highway safety program areas (standards). While the search for problems in each of these standard areas will continue, certain program areas were identified for emphasis. The result was an analysis of 12 problem areas, with emphasis on alcohol and occupant protection. Recommendations were made for programs which could serve as countermeasures for the highway safety problems identified and for studies to develop and evaluate such programs. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Problem Identification Alcohol Highway Safety Speed Unlimited with Kentucky State Police Accident Rates Seat Belts approval Driver Records Child Restraints 19. Security Clossif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Form DOT F !B-72) Unclassified Reproduction of completed page authorized

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4 Research Report UKTRP PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION FOR HIGHWAY SAFETY PLAN (FY 1986) by Jerry G. Pigman Transportation Research Engineer and Kenneth R. Agent Transportation Research Engineer Kentucky Transportation Research Program College of Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky in cooperation with Kentucky State Police Commonwealth of Kentucky The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Kentucky nor of the Kentucky State Police. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. July 1985

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6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS An expression of appreciation is extended to the following individuals for their contributions to the completion of this research report on the required schedule; Greg Stallard, Carla Crossfield, Margaret Hurst, Gwen Pratt, Jane Hays and Julie Dunn.

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8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Introduction 1 II. Problem Areas Investigated 1 A. County Accident Statistics 1 B. City Accident Statistics 1 3 c. Alcohol- and Drug-Related Accidents 23 D. Occupant Protection 36 E. Speed-Related Accidents and 55 mph National Maximum Speed Limit 43 F. General Accident Statistics Accident Trend Analysis 2. Pedestrian Accidents Bicycle Accidents Motorcycle Accidents School Bus Accidents Vehicle Defects. 53 III. Recommendations.n IV. References. 73

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10 INTRODUCTION An annual highway safety pro gram is prepared each year for the state of Kentucky in order to comply with Section 402, Title 23 of the United States Code. This program includes the identificatio n, programming, budgeting, and evaluation of safety projects with the objective of reducing the number and severity of traffic accidents. This is the sixth in a series of annual reports that have been included as the problem identification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). In the past, the approach to problem identification has been to identify problem areas in the 18 highway safety program areas (standards). While the search for problems in each of these standard areas will continue, certain program areas have been identified for emphasis. Currently, those areas include 1) Alco hol and 2) Occupant Protection. To identify problems in these ""program emphasis"" areas as well as any of the other ""highway standard"" areas, 12 problem identification areas were investigated: 1. County Accident Statistics, 2. City Accident Statistics, 3. Alcohol- and Drug-Related Accidents, Occupant Protection, Speed-Related Accidents and 55 mph National Maximum Speed Limit, 6. Pedestrian Accidents, 7. Bicycle Accidents, 8. Motorcycle Accidents, School Bus Accidents, Vehicle Defects, General Trend Analysis, and Accidents by Po lice Reporting Agency. The "" Records Analysis for Problem Identification and Definition (RAPID)'' computer so ftware package was used fo r summarizing the accident data into the needed categories. Except where noted otherwise, all accident analyses were for a 5-year period ( ). In this report, problems that have contributed to the number and severity of traffic accidents were identified. Problem areas associated with any of the "" highway standard"" areas were investigated, with the "program emphasis"" areas receiving particular attentio n. Recommendations were made for programs that could serve as countermeasures for the highway safety problems which were identified. Recommendations were also made for studies with the objectives of developing and evaluating such programs. PROBLEM AREAS INVESTIGATED COUNTY ACCIDENT STATISTICS As in previous problem identification reports, average accident rates were calculated for each county (Table 1). Vehicle-miles travelled was the exposure measure used in the accident rate analyses. These rates were used to identify the counties, by population category, having the highest accident rates. The rates were also used, together with other statistics, in analyses of other problem identification areas. Rates, in terms of accidents per 100 million vehicle-miles, were calculated for the categories of total accidents, fatal accidents, and injury-or-fatal accidents. Vehicle-miles-travelled data were for a 5-year period ( ). To assist in the analysis of county accident statistics, county populations in descending order were tabulated and presented in Table 2. Miles travelled in each county were determined by combining miles travelled on ro ads with known traffic volumes with those with no recorded volumes. The statewide mileage tape was used to tabulate vehicle miles travelled by county on roads with traffic volume counts. The difference between this statewide total and the total estimated miles driven in the state was then distributed to each county based on the proportion of registered vehicles in the state in each county. The total miles driven in each county was then obtained by adding the known miles driven on the state-maintained highway system and the estimated miles driven on the remaining streets and highways. Average and critical accident rates 1

11 were calculated for each county population category (Table 3). The critical accident rate was calculated using the following formula: Ac Aa + K(SQRT(Aa/m) ) + l/(2m) in which Ac critical rate, Aa = average rate, K constant related to level of statistical significance selected (for P 0.995, K=2.576), SQRT square root, and m = annual mileage driven per county. Critical rates (in terms of accidents per 100 million vehicle-miles) were calculated for total accidents, fatal accidents, and injury-or-fatal accidents. The numbers of counties having rates above critical in each population category were determined. The total number was 44 for total accidents, 25 for injury-or-fatal accidents, and one for fatal accidents. Presented in Table 4 are numbers of accidents and accident rates for all counties grouped by population category. Counties within each population category are listed in order of descending accident rate with the critical rates identified. Those counties having the highest rates in each of the population groups were Carroll, Lewis, Mason, Jessamine, and Daviess. The highest accident rate in the state was in Daviess County, and the five highest accident rates in the state were in counties in the group with populations over 50,000. They were Daviess, Campbell, Jefferson, Kenton, and Fayette counties. The lowest accident rate in the state was in Wolfe County followed by Lyon County. Because of the use of a 5-year data base, counties identified as having critical accident rates in Table 4 should represent relatively long-term accident problems. An alternative to using total accidents is to exclude property-damageonly accidents and use only injury-orfatal accidents. All counties, by population category, having injury-orfatal accident rates at or above critical are given in Table 5. Counties having the highest rates for their population categories were Spencer, Magoffin, Marion, Calloway, and Daviess. Presented in Table 6 are fatal accident rates for counties listed by population category. Only Pike County had a fatal accident rate that was determined to be critical. A summary of the other miscellaneous accident data used in the problem identification process is presented by county in Table 7. This table includes number of accidents by county by year; percent change in the 1984 accident total from the previous 4-year average; percentages of accidents involving alcohol, drugs, and speeding; percentage of fatal accidents; percentage of injuryor-fatal accidents; and percentage of drivers using safety equipment. 2

12 TIBLE 1. ICCIJ:ENr les BY Ol.NTY ( D'.lAl FA11\L N.M3IR (]' FA11\L II{) IN.lRY T011>L ICLE ICCI!ENTS PER N.M3IR (]' N.M3IR CF N.M3IR (]'!CCI!EN1S PER FA11\L <R!CCI!EN1S PER N.M3IR (]' MILES 100 MILLI LICEI'SED RBI FATAL 100 MILL I INJ.RY 100MILLI Ol.NTY ICCI!ENTS Fm..lATI!100 MILL I ) ICLE MILES I:RII'!RS ICLES ICCI!ENTS ICLEMILES ICCI!ENTS 'BiiCLE MILES ldolr 1,821 15, ,016 Zl Allm 14, , !9! = 1,967 12, Y12 8, 7[J) 10, g) d 1, ,174 7, "!HI 'J/ 8!rrBl 5, ,643 25, , ,015 4, , Bell 4, P ,400 18,677 "5I , B:nle 12,740 45, ,843 "51, ,fil ,617 19, ,073 13,90l ?6 9: 1 11,620 56, am 6Bl 35, , Boyle 4,6'll 25,0' ,1 18, z.a; 9!6 116 lhci<bl 609 7,738 2.( , , B-eet\ Itt 1,718 17, ,2Zl 9,00J 26 4,(6 572!J.j Ere:klrrldge 16, ,460 12, !00 93 EIJ111tt 5,3al 18.10' ,371 33, , MI..- 1,310 11,004 4, , Q!ld..,ll 2,183 13, ,135 10, Q!II'""Y 4, 30, ,629 21, ,294 Cal ell 17,CID 83, ,786 53, , Q!rllsle P , Qrroll 2,235 9, "515 6,164 7, Q!r1er 2,6?6 25,000 9, ,021 15, P.6 Q!sey , , Olrlstlan 10,147 66,fi 'J/ 4Zl 30,831 35, ,141!J.j Clark 6,113 28, ,631 21, Cley ,752 "519 11,019 12, ,(J/ Cllnim 9]l 9, ,672 6, Zll 77 o-1-1, OnD!rl..-d Q!vless Zl,330 85, EllO.em 66, llironscn 1,013 3, ,477 7, " Elllatt "511 6, , 3, ,40 142!J.j Estill 1,451 14, ,719 10, Ill Fa)<rt1e Zl4, , , ,6(JI 151 FIEIIllrg 1,562 12, ,543 IO,Q(JI 16 4.Zl 3(9 97 Flo,<l 5,817 48, 'll 24,178 27, ,(9 1,760 IZl Fi""Mklln 8,785 41, ,087 32, , Fulim 1,219 8, ,726 6, Zl Gil latin BOO 4, ,161 5, QIT..-d 1,454 10, ,005 7, (JI IS<m 2,403 13,:!0! ,003 11, (hws 34, ' ,792 25,9l ,233 g;j l3'"eyscn 20,854 7, ,031 16, a-..., 1,226 11, " ,924 7, ?a! 90 B"e<rllll 39, ,482 27, I,CBI 96 flrocx:ck 731 7, B4 6, H!nlln 12,726 88, "SIB 46,022 56, l-lrl5l 41, , , !rrlscn 15,166 3, ,210 11, IZl Hrt 15,402 11, ,712 10, = 10, , ,762 33,272 Jl 1,93 2,249 1Zl l<rry 1,621 12,740 6.fll , fi1 71 Hlcknsl ,3<f.l ltlpklns 46,174 Zl ,322 34,fil e:kscn , , rJl 73 Jeff<rs:ln 150, ,793 1! ,:!HI 439, , Bssanlne 4,337 26, J 6C6 16,385 19,905 ll (B 127.blnscn 3,332 24,432 7.'iiDO , ,256 Zl l<slim 32,1 m. 41,Cllffi ,550 86, , IWtt 17,940 5.C6ffl 300 9,015 9, ,720 1, ,:ni 4,900 3,027 4,283 5,"SIO 2,296 1, 8,734 1,549 8,793 34,Q[J) 34,330 43,346 5,4fil 9,Zl ,184 8,837 6,015 4,757 8,734 38,979 8,014 4,644 6,203 6, ,93 4, ,3(9 7,'iiD Q3 4,422 4,9Al ,962 6,005 5,383 8,508 4,052 6,238 23,793 6.Zl , ,979 3, ,0'

13 1l'!l..E 1. KCII:ENr R'.lES BY Cll.N1Y 19E!l ll'\taj CCIMit>LEDl FAT!t. N.M'ER (J' FAT!t. I'Nl INJlR'f 101)!(_ \l3ila KCiro/TS A:R N.M'ER (J' N.M'ER (J' N.M'ER (J' KCiro/TS A:R FAT!t. CR KCiro/TS F R N.M'ER (J' MILES 100 MILLICN LI<E'HD f QS1ElHl FAT!t. 100 MILLICN INJlR'f 100 MILLICN CXlNIY NJ::Iro/TS R:RJ..ATICN (100 MILLICNl \l3ila MILES I:RI\eRS \l3ila S KCiro/TS \l3ila MILES KCiro/TS \l3ila MILES IW>c 3,19.i 30,23; ro V9 14,62; 15,6' i.eu9 1, 'Z/6 7,9.i5 10, !13 75 l.arel 6,218 ]3, ffi ,4:B ::5 1, l.lwen:b 1,4]3 14, (1; li50 7,541 8, Lee 7,754 ' 75!P 314 4,2-tl 4,<nl leslie 1,075 14, E 7,215 6, :m 91 l.elt:ter 2,272 30/HI 8.315:> '173 16,154 17,6); rn!p t.s.ls 1,)58 14, ,9.i9 8,725 a> LineD In l,!!xl 19, m 25/ 10,913 12,< L1vlrgs1on 1,010 9, ffi 6,299 7, ,1]3 8.:B ,500 17, tl L , aj2 35 M:O-ID<en 14,00'l 61, (553 6]3 43,!1Xl 49, , fot:o"a!ry 1,221 15, :15 8,:!ffi 8, :);) 1Cl1 M:iaYI 9!P 1o,o;o 3.51-tl m 7,1al 8, t-b:tl,., 11, <1() ,Cl ,1ED 86 M3g:lffln 13, ,842 7, lfs9 131 Mrlon 2,882 17, E"6B 10,600 11,350 a> M!rsholl 3, J' ,773 21,1ED llil 64 Mrtln , ; , 1 8, llm:n 4,:B1 17,1EO 6oJ:liB ,617 12, ,641 22, ]3 ]38 10,758 13,424 v 3.96 Sal Ia> Mini fee 4J3 5, ,2::5 3, :: M!rar 2,948 19, ,517 13, Mm:alfe 717 9, il 5,6l'i 6, M:rrc:e , Z/4 7,535 6,6! ED al,oi5 7-r:tm 5CE 12,071 14, ltrgm , , (5 :! t>\1> iertjerg 32,2] al,4ffi 23,312 «l l,:m 111 N91SO'I 27, ,172 al,941 5J ,1! Nldoi!S 7, all 4,4«> 5, Chlo 2,553 21,165! ,918 16,lilll Olcfllm 3,342 28, )51 16,833 21, , a.en 935 8, ,228 21, ll55 90 O.Siey :m 5,7tll :m 2,9J5 6, ICS 84 Rlrdielt:n 1,315 10,9! ,r: 13 2, F9Ty 5,015 :B, J919 lfs7 17,556 a>, I Pike 10,653 81, "!/JOI , ,0l'6 135 II , m 212 6,622 6, 774 a> FIJI""' I 6,581 15, :m 28,545 ::5,565 E 1,500!P FUe ls:ji 103 2, , R:x!«:estle 1,854 13, ,411 9, Cl fl::>m 3,683 19, ,1(5 10,188 a> RJssell 1,199 13, i\ll ,914 10,( SaJtt 4,a:T2 21, ,034 15,5:> ell>f 4, ();)8) :m 15,C56 18, ,C57 81 Slrrpsa1 14, ,855 29, lo ' = 314 4,243 4,9.i T"fi<T 3,E5 21, ,524 15, EDI 111 Tcxld , ,031 7,9J Trl 1,-tl? 9, ll55 7, il )91 10 Trl le 613 6, a9 3,! lhlon 17,821 6-C!ID ,167 12, ,..., 19,257 71, ,340 51, , lngttn 1,315 10, ,916 7,9«) ll54 ED..,..,..., 1,91fi 17,Cl fi 473 9,945 12, ) ,948 14, ,854 11,984 a> lt!ltley 4,]35 :B,l:6 ;!4.3] ,625 23, «l lt>lfe 733 6,613 6olml 107 3,832 4, ]3 35 ltxxffi:rd 3,5!13 17, l )53 12,379 13, !P 551 3,51B 1,330 Mlilg::na y 3,6)3 4,894 4, ,494 2,603 6, l 53, ,651 23,328 5, ,:9; 6,3]3 42,929 1,447 4,3Jil :B,733 7,982 4,529 1.) ! Totels 642,507 3,ED1,4:B 1, ,252,W 2,557,)!13 3, ,964 TOO 4.)5 3.:B 645 1,

14 TABLE 2. COUNTY POPULATIONS (1980 CENSUS) IN DESCENDING ORDER ============================================================================== COUNTY POPULATION COUNTY POPULATION COUNTY POPULATION Jefferson 684,793 Shelby 23,328 Monroe 12,353 Fayette 204,165 Meade 22,854 Fleming 12,323 Kenton 137' 058 Clay 22,752 Morgan 12,103 Hardin 88,917 Scott 21,813 Jackson 11,996 Daviess 85,949 Ohio 21,765 Larue 11 '983 Campbell 83,317 Taylor 21,178 Todd 11,874 Pike 81,123 Grayson 20,854 Powell 11 '101 Warren 71,828 Montgomery 20,046 Butler 11 '064 Christian 66,878 Bourbon 19,405 Green 11' 043 McCracken 61,310 Lincoln 19' 053 Pendleton 1 o, 989 Boyd 55,513 Rowan 19' 049 Garrard 10,853 Madison 53,352 Mercer 19' 011 Washington 10,764 Floyd 48,764 Knott 17,940 McLean 10,090 Hopkins 46,174 Marion 17 '910 Bath 10,025 Boone 45,842 Union 17,821 Edmonson 9,962 Pulaski 45,803 Woodford 17,773 Metcalfe 9,484 Bullitt 43,346 Mason 17,760 Trigg 9,384 Harlan 41,889 Wayne 17 '022 Clinton 9,321 Franklin 41,830 Breathitt 17 '004 Carroll 9,270 Henderson 40,849 Breckinridge 16,861 Livingston 9,219 Greenup 39,132 McCreary 15,634 Crittenden 9,207 Laurel 38,982 Hart 15,402 Fulton 8,971 Bell 34,330 Adair 15,233 Owen 8,924 Graves 34,049 Harrison 15,166 Ballard 8,798 Barren 34,009 Leslie 14,862 Lee 7 '754 Perry 33,763 Webster 14,832 Hancock 7,742 Whitley 33,396 Casey 14,818 Bracken 7,738 Muhlenberg 32,328 Simpson 14,673 Cumberland 7,289 Letcher 30,687 Lewis 14,545 Nicholas 7,157 Knox 30,239 Estill 14,495 Elliott 6,908 Calloway 30,031 Allen 14,128 Wolfe 6,698 Clark 28,322 Lawrence 14,121 Lyon 6,490 Oldham 28' 094 Rockcastle 13,973 Trimble 6,253 Nelson 27,584 Martin 13,925 Hickman 6,065 Jessamine 26,653 Russell Spencer 5,929 Marshall 25,637 Magoffin 13,515 Owsley 5, 709 Boyle 25,066 Caldwell 13,473 Carlisle 5,487 Carter 25,060 Grant 13,308 Menifee 5,117 Johnson 24,432 Henry 12,740 Gallatin 4,842 Logan 24,138 Anderson 12,567 Robertson 2,

15 TABLE 3. AVERAGE AND CRITICAL ACCIDENT RATES BY COUNTY POPULATION CATEGORY ( DATA) =============================================================================== POPULATION CATEGORY NUMBER OF COUNTIES IN CATEGORY TOTAL POPULATION TOTAL MILEAGE DRIVEN (100 MVM) UNDER 10,000 10,000-14,999 15,000-24,999 25,000-50,000 OVER 50, , ,113 1,127, ,197 1,026, TOTAL NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS ACCIDENTS PER 100 MVM CRITICAL ACCIDENT RATE (ACC/100 MVM) NUMBER OF COUNTIES AT OR ABOVE CRITICAL RATE POPULATION CATEGORY UNDER 10,000 20, ,000-14,999 41, ,000-24,999 72, ,000-50, , OVER 50, , TOTAL NUMBER OF NUMBER OF FATAL CRITICAL RATE COUNTIES POPULATION FATAL ACCIDENTS ACCIDENT RATE AT OR ABOVE CATEGORY ACCIDENTS PER 100 MVM (ACC/100 MVM) CRITICAL RATE UNDER 10, ,000-14, ,000-24, ,000-50,000 1, OVER 50,000 1, TOTAL NUMBER FATAL OR CRITICAL FATAL NUMBER OF OF FATAL INJURY OR INJURY COUNTIES AT POPULATION OR INJURY ACCIDENTS ACCIDENT RATE OR ABOVE CATEGORY ACCIDENTS PER 100 MVM (ACC/100 MVM) CRITICAL RATE UNDER 10,000 5, ,000-14,999 11, ,000-24,999 17, ,000-50,000 35, OVER 50,000 71,

16 TABLE 4. ACCIDENT RATES BY COUNTY AND POPULATION CATEGORY (IN DESCENDING ORDER WITH CRITICAL RATES IDENTIFIED)(l9BO DATA) ============================== ============================================================ ACCIDENT RATE ACCIDENT RATE NUMBER OF (ACCIDENTS NUMBER OF f ACCIDENTS COUNTY ACCIDENTS PER 100 MVM) COUNTY ACCIDENTS P R 100 MVM) POPULATION CATEGORY UNDER 10,000 POPULATION CATEGORY 15,000-24,999 Carroll 2,236 Mason 4, * Fulton 1, * Marion 2, * Clinton * Taylor 3, * Owen 317* Harrison 2, * Lee * Bourbon 3, * Spencer * Rowan 3, * Owsley * Montgomery 3,603 SOB* Bracken * Mercer 2, * Trimble wa :e 1, * Hancock Jo r, nson 3, * Menifee Lo an 3, * Edmonson 1, Un ron 2, Ballard 1, Gra son 3, Trigg 1, Mea ae 2, Crittenden 1, cla 2, Metcalfe Ada r r 1, Elliott Woodford 3, Livingston 1, Shelby 4, Hiclonan Breckenridge 1, Cumberland Knott 1, Nicholas HcCreary 1, Carlisle 171 Ohio 2, Robertson Breathitt 1, Gallatin Lincoln 1, Lyon Scott 4, Wolfe 107 Hart 1, * POPULATION CATEGORY 10,000-14,999 POPULATION CATEGORY 25,000-50,000 Lewis 1, * Jessamine 4, * Fleming 1, * Boyle 4, * Estill 1, * Franklin * Allen 1, * Henderson 10: * Anderson 1, * Calloway 4, * Magoffin 1,330 Clark 6, * Garrard 1, * Perry * Pendleton 1, * Boone 12: * Green 1, * Nelson 4, * washin ton 1, * Hopkins 8, * Caldwe y1 2, Harlan 5, Webster 1, Huhlenberg 4, Morgan Bell 4, Russell 1, Floyd 5, Jackson Greenup 4, Martin Graves 4, Butler 1, Pulaski 6, Larue 1, Barren 5, McLean Oldham 3, Monroe Laurel 6, Henry 1, Bullitt 5, Leslie 1, Knox 3, Lawrence 1, Letcher 2, sim son 2, Carter 2, Tod a Marshall 3, Bath Whitley 4, Powell Grant 2, POPULATION CATEGORY OVER 50,000 Casey Rockcastle 1, Daviess 20,330 BBO* Cam bell * Jef erson 150: * Kenton 32, * Fayette 54, * Bo d 11, Me tracken 14, Warren 19, Pike 10, Madison 11, Christian 10, * Critical accident rate. Hardin 12, *

17 TABLE 5. INJURY OR FATAL ACC IDENT RATE BY COUNTY AND POPULAT ION CATEGORY WITH CR ITICAL RATES IDENTIFIED! ( DATA) NlJ!BER OF ACC IDENT RATE NlJ!BER OF ACCI DENT RATE FATAL OR INJURY (ACCIDENTS FATAL OR INJURY (ACCI DENTS COUNTY ACCI DENTS PER 100 MVMJ COUNTY ACC IDENTS PER 100 MVMJ POPULAT ION CATEGORY UNDER 10,000 POPULATION CATEGORY 15, 00D-24,999 Spencer * Edmonson * Marl on * ll811erd 387 Bourbon * Men ifee 137 Mason 123* Tr imble Rowan * Owen Herr I son * El liott Meade * Cerro II Johnson Hancock Logan Livingston 85 Knott Owsley Montgomery Metcel fe Toy lor Cl i nton Grayson Lee 136 Cloy Crittenden Mercer Hickman UnIon Fu lton McCreary Trigg 70 Breck I nr I dge 509 Cerllsle Breothltt 572 Bracken Wood ford Robertson Wayne Nicholes 114 Ado lr 86 Gallotln Ohio Cumber land She! by 1, Lyon Linco ln Wo lfe Scott Hort POPULATION CATEGORY 10,000-14,999 POPULATION CATEGORY 25,00D-50,000 Magottln 131* Lewis 128* C.llowoy 1, * Allen * Jessamine * Morgon * Her I an 1, * Garrard * Floyd 1, * McLean * Henderson 2, * Anderson 98 Nelson 1, * Fleming Boyle * Pendleton 330 Oldhom 1, Leslie 372 Perry 1, Green Muhlenberg 1, Esti ll Clork 1, Martin Fron k lin 1, Lewrence Bell 1, Webster Boone 2, Russe ll Hopkins 2, Larue 424 Greves 1, Butler 340 Greenup 1, Jl!lckson rren 1, Henry Letcher 89 Gel dwell Puloskl 1, Todd Bul l Itt 1, Monroe Certer Woshlngton Knox 852 Cosey 271 Laurel 1,454 Simpson Marsholl th Whi tley Powe ll Gront POPULATION CATEGORY OVER-50, 000 Rockcostle Devless 3, * KenTon 6, * Campbe ll 3, * Foyette 10, * Jefferson 27, Pike 3, McCracken 2, Warren 4, Boyd 2, Hard in 3, Chr istian 2, Mad ison 2, *Cr itical accident rete

18 TABLE 6. FATAL ACCIDENT RATE BY COU NTY AND POPULAT ION CATEGORY <IN DESCEND ING ORDER WITH CR ITICAL RATES IDENT IFIEDl <l DATAl COUNTY NUMBER OF FATAL ACC IDENTS ACC IDENT RATE (ACC IDENTS PER 100 MVMl COUNTY NUMBER OF FATAL ACCIDENTS ACC IDENT RATE <ACC IDENTS PER 100 MVMl POPULAT ION CATEGORY UNDER 10,000 POPULAT ION CATEGORY 15,0D0-24,999 E I I 1 ot t Spencer Men lfee 0 ws I e y Edmonson Brecken Lee Livin gston Cumber le nd Ballard Nicholas Owen Hlckman Hancock Clinton Crittenden Carro I I Trimble Metcalfe Carlisle Trigg F u I ton Gallatin Robertson Lyon Wo I fe I I I I 15 8 I I II 9 I 0 I 5 I I I I I I 58 I 54 I. 32 McCrear y Cla y Knott Bourbon Union Mar 1 on Breathitt Adair Me ade Grayson Ohlo To yl or Mercer Mason Harrison Logan Lincoln Wa yne Breckenridge Rowan Jo hnson Hart Montgomer y Woo dford She I by Scott I 4 I I I I 3 0 POPULAT ION CATEGORY 10, ,999 POPULAT ION CATEGORY 25,000-50,000 Le wl s Mogoffln Monroe Martln Allen Leslle Jeckson Garrard Casey Po we I I Woshlngton Fleming Mor gen Russell Lar ue Co I d we I I Est ttl Le wrence We bster Pen dleton Green Mcle an Todd Both Anderson Henry Rockcastle Butler Slmpson Grant * I Cr1tlcal accident rate I Nelson Jessamtne Per ry Knox Her len Co I Iowa y F I oyd Graves Be I I Muhlenberg Carter Hopklns Ol dham Letcher Boyle Pulaskl B ul 11 tt Cl ark Marshall Franklin Barren Boone Greenup Henderson La urel Whitley POPULAT ION CATEGORY OVE R 50,000 P 1 ke Chrlstlan Jefferson Davless Hardln Madlson Campbe I I Ken ton Fayette Warren McCracken Boyd I *

19 .. TABLE 7, MISCELLANEOUS ACCIDENT OATA FOR EACH COUNTY - = = = = = = == === = PERCENT OF PERCENT OF PERCENT OF PERCENT DRIVERS PERCENT OF NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS BY YEAR ACCIDENTS ACCIDENTS PERCENT INJURY <R USING ACCIDENTS PERCENT INVOLVING INVOLVING FATAL FATAL SAFETY INVOLVING COUNTY AVERAGE CHANGE ALCOHOL DRUGS ACCIDENTS ACCIDENTS BELTS SPEEDING Adolr Allen Anderson Sa liard Barren 1,153 1,093 1,130 1,292 1,292 1, ,7 0.2 o.ss Bath , Bell , ,3 11,3 Boone 2,528 2,442 2,342 2,560 2,868 2, B Bourbon , Boyd 2, 373 2,224 2, 359 2,444 2,220 2, o. 5 0, , Boyle , ,9 6.3 Bracken ,7 Breoth1t1" Breckenridge o Bull Itt 9B1 1,01 1 1,033 1,015 1,284 1, , But I er o. I 0,69 26,0 1.2 Coldwell ,4 1, ,8 7,9 Collowoy o. 5 0, s. 1 Campbell 3,819 3,347 3,140 3,221 3,493 3, , ,0 4.1 Carlisle Corroll , Garter o. 1 1, Casey , I Olr tstian 1,949 1,928 1,977 2, 123 2, 170 1, I Clark 1,121 I, 211 1,217 1,236 1,328 1, , Cloy 501 Clinton Cr lttenden , , CIJ'nberland , Davless 4,067 3,900 3,981 4, 170 4,212 4, ,8 Edmonson o , Elliott o Estill ,8 0.3 Fayette 11 '015 10,709 10,578 10,382 11,622 10,671 +8,9 8, , ,4 Fl emlng , , Floyd 1,160 1, 113 1,122 1, 134 1,288 1, , franklin 1, 793 1, 790 1, 722 1,652 1,829 1, , , ,5 1 o. 1 fulton ,5 5.9 Gallotln , Garrard o. 1 ' Grant , , Graves , , Grayson , Green o. 1 0, ,8 Greenup ,51 24, Hancock ,7 Hard In 2,135 2,247 2,479 2,727 3, 138 2, , Harlan 1,033 1, ,124 1, o. 7 0,89 29, ,5 4, ,60 40, ,

20 ... TABLE 7. MISCELL ANEOUS ACCIDENT DATA FOR EACH COUNTY (continued) === = = = == === = == = ===== = PERCENT OF PERCENT OF PERCENT OF PERCENT I:RI VERS PERCENT OF N li4ber Of ACC I DENTS BY YEAR ACCIDENTS ACCIDENTS PERCENT INJURY OR USING ACCIDENTS PERCENT INVOLVING INVOLVING FATAL FATAL SAFETY INVOLVING COUNTY AVERAGE CHANGE ALCOHOL!:RUGS ACCIDENTS ACCIDENTS BELTS SPEEDING Harrison Hart 319 Henderson 2,158 2,088 1,979 2,001 2,174 2, Henry Hickman Hopkins 1,699 1,650 1,682 1,752 1, 951 1, Jackson Jefferson 31,049 29,571 28,484 29,292 32,208 29,599 +a.s Jessamine Johnson Kenton 6,964 6,338 6,015 6,165 6,676 6, Knott o Knox Larue 273 laurel 1,150 1,196 1,238 1,291 1,403 1, Lawrence Lee Lesl le Letcher I Lewis Uncal n Livingston 220 Logan lyon o.o McCracken 2,698 2,848 2,907 2, 748 2,868 2, McQ-eary Mclean Mad I son 2,201 2,202 2,272 2,447 2,551 2, Magoftln Marlon Marshall PAartln Mason Meade , Men I fee , Mercer s. 7 Metcalfe o. 1 1, o. 'l r.bnroe M::mtgomery M:Jrgan Muhlenberg 926 1,005 1,010 1, Nelson Nicholas Ohio Oldham , Owen Owsley Pendleton o o o.o

21 .. N TABLE 7, MISCELLANEOUS ACCIOENT DHA FtR EACH COUNTY (continued) --- s PERCENT CF PERCENT CF PERCENT CF PERCENT trivers PERCENT OF NLMBER CF ACC I OENTS BY YEAR ACC IOENTS ACCIOENTS PERCENT INJlRY tr USING ACCIOENTS PERCENT INVOLVING INVOLVING FATAL FATAL SAFETY INVOLVING COUNTY B AVERAGE CHANGE ALCOHOL trugs ACC IOENTS ACCIOENTS BELTS SPEEDING Perry 1,063 1, , ,6 0,4 0,85 24,5 1,8 15,6 Pi ke 2,207 2,093 2,177 1,993 2, 183 2,118 Powel l ,9 8, , Puloskl 1, ,291 1,403 1,436 1, ,4 0, I Robertson o.o 0, Rockcastle , Rowan no , , Russe ll , Scott ,55 22,6 5,0 8,9 She I by ,4 0,4 0, Simpson , Spencer ,3 0, Toy lor ,7 0,3 0, Todd , Trigg , ,8 Trimble o.o Lnlon I Warren 3,850 3,699 3, 796 3,923 3,989 3, ,4 {), Wzlsh I ngton ,3 Wayne 351 Webster , Whitley WOlfe o.o , WOodford ,3 0, ,5 0,2 1, , o ,2

22 CITY ACCIDENT STATISTICS Accident statistics were analyzed for cities using 1980 through 1984 accident data. The primary group of cities included in th e analysis were th ose having a population over 2,500 that were incorporated and had a police agency. Incorporated cities were eliminated if they did not have a police agency. Incorporated cities in Jefferson County, such as St. Matthews, Jeffersontown, and Shively, were included separately from Louisville because of a desire to analyze accidents for each police reporting agency. Th erefore, for Louisville, only the population of the city area was included instead of a metropolitan area population. Presented in Table 8 is a summary of detailed accident statistics for cities having populations more than 2, 500 that are incorporated and have police agencies. Included in th is table were 110 cities. Rates were calculated in terms of accidents per 1,000 population, because th e total number of vehicle-miles traveled in each city was not known. Rates were calculated for all accidents as well as fatal, pedestrian, bicycle, and motorcycle accidents. The percentages of accidents involving speeding and alcohol also were determined. As suppl emental information, accident statistics for all incorporated cities were summa rized in Table 9. Included for 438 cities were popul ation, number of accidents, and accident rate. Average and critic al accident rates by population category were calculated and are shown in Table 10. Only th ose cities having populations more than 2,500_ that were incorporated and had a police agency were incl uded. Critic al fatal accident rates were not tabulated because no cities were found to have rates that exceeded the critical rate. Total accident rates for cities by population category are listed in Table 11. They are tabulated in order of descending acc ident rates and critical rates are identified. A total of 35 cities were identified as having total accident rates above critical. Louisvill e, Bowling Green, Florence, Pikeville, and Paintsville had th e highest total accident rates in their respective population ranges. Fatal accident rates, by city and population category, are listed in Table 12. They also are tabulated in order of descending fatal accident rates and there were no cities with rates above critical. Louisville, Henderson, Florence, Central City, and Springfield had th e highest fatal accident rates in th eir respective population ranges. 13

23 TABLE 8, ACC IDENT DATA FOR CITIES OVER 2,500!INCORPORATED CITIES WITH POLICE AGENC IES! 1198Q-1984 ACCI DENT DATA l... PEDESTRIAN BICYCLE-RELATED PERCENT OF PERCENT OF MOTOR VEH ICLE MOTOR VEH I CLE MOTORCYCLE ACCI DENTS ACC IDENTS ALL ACCI DENTS FATAL ACCI DENTS ACC IDENTS ACCI DENTS ACCI DENTS INVOLVING INVOLVING CITY POPULATION NlJ.IBER RATE* NlJ.IBER RATE** NlJ.IBER RATE** NlJ.IBER RATE** NlJ.IBER RATE** SPEED ING ALCOHOL lou isville 298,694 87, , , lexi ngton 204, , , Owensboro 54,450 15, , I Covi ngton 49,585 15, , ,5 3.9 Bow I I ng Green 40,450 15, , , ,6 Paducah 29,315 10, Ashl 8nd 27,064 7, , Hopkinsvi lle 27,318 6, FrankforT 25,973 6, Henderson 24,834 7, , Richmond 21' 705 6, Newport 21,587 6, , Mad i sonvi lle 16,979 4, , , Sh ively 16,645 5, , , ,2 Ft. Thomas 16,012 2, , I 8.3 Jeffersontown 15,795 3, Florence 15,586 7, , El l zobethtown 15,380 5, , ,6 WI nchester 15,216 3, ,2 Rode 11 If 14,519,_. 3, ,9..,. Erlanger 14,466 4, , 2 St. Motthews 14,409 4, , I Murray 14, 248 3, , Glasgow 12,958 3, ,0 Danvi lle 12,942 3, , , M I dd I esboro 12,251 2, , , Georgetown 10,972 2, Mayf ield 10,705 2, Somerset 10,649 3, o , , Nlcholosvllle 10,319 2, , , ,9 C.mpbel lsvl l le 9, 768 2, , 1 Independence 9, 164 1,554 38, , , ,3 Flatwoods 8, 354 1' ,6 0 o.oo 8 1, , Berea 8, 226 1, , , Corb in 8,075 2, Maysvi lle 7,983 2, , , Pllr Is 1, , ,0 7.6 Morehead 7,789 1, II Frankl in 7,738 1' Bellevue 7,678 1, I 0, Russel lvi lle 7,520 2, Fort Ml tchel l 7,294 1, , I Herrodsburg 7,265 1, , Edgewood 7,243 1' ,4 7, , , , *Acc idents Per 1,000 Population **Acc idents Per 10,000 Populotlon ,9 4.3

24 TABLE 8, ACCIDEKT DATA FOR CITIES OVER 2,500 (l r«:orpor ATEO CI TIES WITH POLICE AGEJ«:IESl ( ACCIOEKT DATAl (COtfTNl 0 ) = = -- = = === = = = == = === -- = PEDESTR IAN B! CYCLE-RELATED PERC EKT OF PERCEKT OF MOTOR VEHICLE MOTOR VEH I C LE MOT ORCYCLE ACCIDENTS ACCIDENS ALL ACCIDENTS FATAL ACCIDENTS ACCIDENTS ACCIDEKTS ACCI DEKTS INVOLVING INVOLVING CITY POPULATION Nlf.l BER RATE* Nlf.l BER RATE** Nlf.l BER RATE** NlJ.lBER RATE** NlJ.1BER RATE** SPEEDING ALCOHOL El sm ere 7,203 1, ,2 2 0, , ,0 7,8 Pr lnceton 7,073 1,482 41,9 3 0, , , 7 5,6 Dayton 6,979 21,2 1 0, , Lebanon 6,590 1, , ,7 7 2,1 16 3,8 6,1 Versail l es 6, 427 1, , , 0 9 2, 8 14 Bard sto wn 6,155 2,167 70,4 8 2, , ,2 2,5 7,2 Cyn thian a 5,881 1, , , 4 2 o , Mt, Starl in 5, 820 2,055 70,6 1 0, ,3 3 1,0 16 3, Mon ticel lo 5,667 1, o ,2 5 1,8 13 4,6 3,2 4,0 VI lla Hil ls 5, ,7 1 0,36 3 1, 1 0 o.o 2 0, ,1 Pikevil le 5, 583 2, ,8 4 1, , 4 11 Wil l iamsburg 5,560 1,061 38,2 4 1,44 9 3,2 7 2, ,1 4,3 Hazard 5, 371 1,804 67,2 1 0, ,6 1 0,4 11 4, ,7 Shel b yvil le 5,329 1, , , ,1 2,2 4,6 Cen tral City 5,214 1, , ,4 2 0, Hil l view 5, ,38 5 1, ,8 1,4 La wr en ceb urg 5, , , Q 4,6 5.0 Ludlow 4, ,8 0 o.oo 14 5,7 14 5, ,8 9,9 AI ex and rl a 4, ,7 2 0, , ,7... Gr een vil le 4, ,9 3 1, '-" Le ltch tl el d 4, 533 1, ,7 1 0, , , ,8 Taylor Mil l 4, ,33 7 3,1 4 1,8 12 9,1 8,2 Fo rt Wr lght 4, 481 1, , , 2 Shepherd sv Il l e 4,454 1,550 69,6 4 1, Highl and Heights 4, 435 1,220 55,0 2 0, ,0 4 1,8 10 2, Pro vid en ce 4, o.oo ,8 3.3 Doug las Hil ls 4, ,00 0 0, o.o 5.8 5,3 ScottsvI lle 4, , ,2 4,0 Preston sb urg 4,011 1, ,8 London 4,002 1,896 94,8 1 0, , , ,5 Mt. l'kl sh I ngton 3, ,2 2 1,00 8 4,8 0 o.o 10 5, , 6 carrol lton 3, ,0 0 o.oo ,6 2,8 8,7 Russel l 3,824 1, ,3 2 1, , Pain tsvil l e 3,815 1,852 97,1 2 1, ,8 2,9 Wilmore 3, ,3 1 o , ,6 Morgan ti el d 3, , Cumber land 3, ,6 3 1, o ,6 9,8 8,9 Co l 1111b 1 a 3, ,8 5 2, ,5 6 3, ,5 Ben ton 3, 700 1,027 55,5 0 0,00 1 o ,6 12 6, ,8 V1n e Grove 3, o.oo , ,6 Park HI I I s 3, o.oo 3 1, , 7 Grayson 3, , ,8 3 1,8 5 2,9 2,6 4,7 Marlon 3, o , 2 3 1, 8 2, Lancaster 3, , Barbo urvi lle 3, ,8 4 2,40 8 4,8 4 2, ,0 3, *Accid en ts Per 1,000 POpul ation **Ac cid en ts Per 10,000 POpul ation ,4 9,4 45, , , , , ,3 4,1 19 9,5 4, , ,5 7, ,9 0,9 3, ,0 4,8 4,9 4, 4 5, 4 5, 5 3, ,8 4,3 0, ,3 3,5 7,8 3, 9 5, 1 3, ,3 5,4 7,2 4,4 4,5 4,1 5, ,3 5,8 15 7, ,