Field Performance Report on PVC Pipe Campbell County

Transcription

1 Transportation Kentucky Transportation Center Research Report University of Kentucky Year 1995 Field Performance Report on PVC Pipe Campbell County L. John Fleckenstein David L. Allen University of Kentucky, University of Kentucky, This paper is posted at UKnowledge. researchreports/742

2 Research Report KTC-95-2 FIELD PERFORMANCE REPORT ON PVC PIPE CAMPBELL COUNTY by L. John Fleckenstein Senior Research Investigator and David L. Alien Chief Research Engineer Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky in cooperation with Transportation Cabinet Commonwealth of Kentucky and Federal Highway Administration U.S. Department of Transportation The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Kentucky, the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, nor the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The inclusion of manufacturer names and trade names are for identification purposes and are not to be considered as endorsements. March 1995

3 Technical Report Documentation Page ' 1. Report No. KTC Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Cata!og No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date March FIELD PERFORMANCE REPORT ON PVC PIPE, CAMPBELL COUNTY 6. Perlorming Organization Code 7. Author(s) L. John Fleckenstein and David L. Alien 8. Performing Organization Report No.6 KTC Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Umt No. (TRAIS) Kentucky Transportation Center College of Engineering University of Kentucky 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Kentucky Transportation Cabinet State Office Building 11. Contract or Grant No. Federal Aid Research Task Type ol Report and Period Covered 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Publication of this report was sponsored by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet in cooperation with the U.S. Department oft ransportation, Federal Highway Administration 16. Abstract This report documents the installation and performance of PVC pipe installed on KY 9 in Campbell County. The pipe installed was Perma-Loc, manufactured by J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc. Pipes appear to be performing well with the clean coarse sand backfill.lt is apparent the pipe is brittle at lower temperatures. and caution should be exercised during cold weather construction. lt is apparent that the contractor achieved substantial compaction around the haunches and the side ol the pipe which is helping to reduce pipe dellection. In July 1995, the pipes wiu have been installed for approximately two years. Minor changes in pipe deflection are still occurring in approximately 40 percent of the pipes. The other 60 percent appear to be stabilized. 17. KeyWords Backfill Compaction Deflection 18. Distribution Statement Unlimited 19. Security Classil. (of this report) 20. Security Classil. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price 38 Form DOT (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized 1

4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report documents the installation and performance of PVC pipe installed during construction ofky 9 in Campbell County. The pipe installed was Perma-Loc pipe manufactured by J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc.. It is apparent the pipe is brittle at lower temperatures, and caution should be exercised during cold weather construction. The pipes appear to be performing well with the clean coarse sand backfill. It is also apparent that the contractor achieved substantial compaction around the haunches and the side of the pipe which is likely helping to reduce pipe deflection. In July of 1995, the pipes will have been installed for approximately 2 years. Minor changes in pipe deflection are still occurring in approximately 40 percent of the pipes. The other 60 percent appear to be stabilized. 11

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS FORM DOT (8-72)... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS... m LIST OF FIGURES... iv INTRODUCTION... 1 CONSTRUCTION PERFORMANCE... 1 PIPE DEFLECTIONS CONCLUSIONS... 2 RECOMMENDATIONS... 2 REFERENCES... 2 APPENDIX A (Pipe Deflection Measurements)... 9 iii

6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Severely Damaged PVC Pipe Figure 2. Damaged Exterior Rib Figure 3. Impact Strength of PVC Pipe Figure 4. Installation of 1.2 m Pipe at Station Figure 5. Installation of m Pipe at Station Figure 6. Elevation Profiles Figure 7. Outlet End of PVC Pipe at Station Figure 8. Outlet End of PVC Pipe at Station Figure 9. Crack in Wall of PVC Pipe at Station IV

7 INTRODUCTION The Kentucky Transportation Center was requested by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet to monitor the field performance of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe on KY 9 in Campbell County (Project NO. FSP C-DE-STPM 0020 (804)). Included in this report are construction and performance information. A video tape is also provided showing the final inspection of the pipe with a Cues Mini Camera. CONSTRUCTION Prior to installation, on December 11, 1992 the PVC pipe was inspected in the stockyard at the construction site on KY 9 shortly after delivery. Approximately 19 out of 65 pipe sections had been slightly to significantly damaged during delivery (Figures 1 and 2). The Resident Engineer indicated that several of the pipes had fallen off the truck during unloading. The pipes were fairly brittle at the time they were being unloaded due to the cold temperatures (approximately -9'C ( 15'F)). Figure 3 was derived from the Uni-Bell Handbook (1) and extrapolated to colder temperatures. Figure 3 indicates the impact strength of the pipe could be as much as 40 percent lower when comparing strength properties at 23'C and -9'C (73c4'F and 15'F). The construction project was postponed due to unstable embankment conditions and only a portion of the pipes were installed. Prior to the project being postponed, six cross drains had been installed. The pipes were backfilled with a clean sand slightly over the crown of the pipe (Figures 4 and 5).. Since the final fill elevations were not achieved, the fill heights were established by survey (Figure 6). The maximum fill height obtained during construction was approximately 4 meters (12 feet) at Station PERFORMANCE The cross drains were monitored during construction, and have been visually inspected several times since installation. The pipes were last inspected in December 1994 with a Cues Mini Camera. A majority of the cross drains appear to performing well.. Significant distress was observed in one of the cross drains. The distress was observed in a 0.61 m (24 inch) cross drain at Station Distress was observed toward the outlet end of the cross drain. During a visual inspection shortly after installation, approximately 2.4 meters (8 feet) of pipe on the outlet end was unsupported (Figure 7). It was apparent that the pipe had not been cut off and/or the fill around the pipe had eroded. In October, 1993, at a later inspection, it was apparent that this section of pipe had been covered during the reshaping of a sliding embankment (Figure 8). It appears that in this process the pipe was bent down causing the pipe to crack and deflect approximately 8.3 percent (Figure 9). 1

8 Pipe Deflections Pipe deflection measurements have been taken on the six cross drains since installation (Appendix A). Pipe deflections were monitored at 29 locations. In approximately 67 percent of the pipes that were monitored, the vertical dimension was greater than the horizontal after installation. It is apparent that the pipe was compressed horizontally during the backfilling around the sides and haunches of the pipe. The average pipe deflection recorded was percent. CONCLUSIONS It is apparent the pipe is brittle at lower temperatures, and caution should be exercised during cold weather construction. The pipes appear to be performing well with the clean coarse sand backfill. It is also apparent that the contractor achieved substantial compaction around the haunches and the springline of the pipe. This has helped to keep pipe deflection at a minimum. In July of 1995, the pipes will have been installed for approximately 2 years. Minor changes in pipe deflection are still occurring in approximately 40 percent of the pipes. The other 60 percent appear to be stabilized. RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that these pipes continue to be monitored for long-term performance. It is recommended that this pipe be used as an alternative to concrete, steel, aluminum, and polyethylene pipe. It is also recommended that future installations be monitored for short-and long-term performance. REFERENCES 1. "Handbook of PVC Pipe, Design and Construction", Third Edition, Uni-Bell PVC Pipe Association, Dallas, September 1991, pp

9 Figure 1. Severely Dalllaged PVC Pipe Figure 2. Damaged E:rterior Rib 3

10 Figure 3. Effect of Cool Temperatures on Impact Strength of PVC Pipes ,..., e_., 0,) 60 ::......, ::J ti:1 ::... 0,) s ,..., 20 u e_., 0,) 10 ::... 0,) 0.. s 0 20 Values vary widely... due to compounding % of Rated Impact Strength

11 Figure 4. Installation of 1.2m Pipe at Station Figure 5. Installation of m Pipe at Station

12 Figure 6. Elevation Profiles Station 1 oo + 72 (0.61 m pipe diameter) (Installed ) , Station (1.22 m pipe diameter) (Installed ) , 2o 0 " , c " oc ",0 DISTANCE jmoltlrs) Station (0.61 m pipe diameter) (Installed ) , Station (0.46 m pipe diameter) (Installed ) , DISTANCE (moirr.) 20" " Station (0.61 m pipe diameter) (Installed ) , \ Station (0.76 m pipe diameter) (Installed ) , 20 o--,oc---720o---,o----7,,c---,.---- DISTANCE (mcuar11) , ,.-----,.-----:20" DISTANCE (moidr ) 6

13 Figure 7. Outlet End of PVC Pipe at Station Figure 8. Outlet End of PVC Pipe at Station

14 Figure 9. Crack in Interior Wall of Pipe at Station

15 APPENDIX A (PIPE DEFLECTION MEASUREMENTS) 9

16 (Station ) 24.5 r "' 0.).c u c: '-' 0:: [.I,J E- [.I,J - Cl /"' l c > s:: :::; r-:,..., r. '"' " " 22.0 L TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) -- lx: VERTICAL --2X: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 10

17 (Station ) c.-.. > s:..c u '"' c::: 23.5 t 58.4 c::: "' r.rj - '"' E- r.rj '"' - : Q G ui 22.0 l :...;,..; ZOO TIME SINCE INSTALlATION (days) -- 1 Y: VERTICAL -+- ZY: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 11

18 24.5 (Station ) "' 0) :: :r / c > s: r r. r. ;;; 22.5 l "" ' loo TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) lz: VERTICAL -+- 2Z: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 12

19 49.0 (Station ) "' '-'! -= u c: ;::, 0::: ClJ 47.0 E- +- ClJ ::;: < - Cl > :::: r-:: ""' -;::: "' -(") "'.::! ' TIME SINCE INSTALlATION (days) -- C3: VERTICAL -- C4: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 13

20 49.0 (Station ) "' Q.)..<:: u c: ;::., ll.l E- ll.l - Cl '- r -'. r- ("; - ("; ("; (/; 45.0 ' ' TIMESmCE INSTALLATION (days) D3: VERTICAL -+- D4: HORIZONTf\1-14

21 (Station ) 49.0 r >..._ c "' :u s: ;; C"=i.s r-: ;::: 0:: CIJ r. E- r. z CIJ < ;:; - Q r. ;;i TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) ---El: VERTICAL --E2: HORIZONTAL 15

22 49.0 (Station ) , "' 48.0.c '-' :.::, "' 0:: UJ 47.0 E- UJ f\&. \ > s: 5 "' 2 "- - ;::;..., " Ul 45.0 ' ' TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) F3: VERTICAL --F4: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 16

23 (Station ) > "' c "'... :::: u...,..::: 0: ;::., c::: C!.l r. (") E- C!.l - :2: < Cl " (") (": ;;; ;;; 45.0 L.,.:...:, TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) --G3: VERTICAL -+- G4: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 17

24 (Station ) 49.0 r Cl s;: "' T s: "...,....c r-l u c r-l :.:=.. Cl:! E- UJ UJ "' ;:l ::::: - < 0 - "',....., "' ,V "' - Ul TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) --Hl: VERTICAL -+- H2: HORIZONTAL 18

25 (Station ) , "' 3d u > tr--!:: r-; c: r=: '-' \. 0::: w f- '"' '"' < - - Cl '"' '"' w :!:._ r-, L ;....;...:....J TIME SINCE INSTALlATION (days) -- I3: VERTICAL --+- I4: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 19

26 49.0 (Station ) 124.5,..._ "' <U.c u :.=, = 48.0 r "' ij;j 47.0 f- ij;j ;:;s -< c > $: C=J.,... (""; (") -(") :::: ' TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) ' K3: VERTICAL --K4: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 20

27 49.0 (Station ) > c <U "' s: '-'..c c: ;=., t=: ;:::: 0:: ClJ 47.0 If r. E- ClJ..!:: ::;; - :::; < -Cl ;;... ".., :!: TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) --03: VERTICAL : HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 21

28 (Station ) "' t.l.:: '-' c:: v UJ E- UJ :::; ' c > ::: r-: "" r: r: " " ui '" ,:.._ ' ' TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) --P3: VERTICAL -- P4: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 22

29 (Station ) 49.0 r , "'..c '-'.s 0::: UJ E- UJ , \ c > :::: ("!1...;: t"'i ;;: (;' " - ::; "1!:E ' '-' : " TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) -- Q3: VERTICAL -+- Q4: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 23

30 25.0 (Station ) '""' ;\..c "' u c :.::, c:: C1J 23.0 f- C1J \ & <' ["' -r r ("; -u: ' loo TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) ' A V: VERTICAL Note: -+- AH: HORIZONTAL Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 24

31 25.0 (Station ) 63.5,..._ "' 0..c: u c: ::: ::: U.J 23.0 E- U.J :2: _.-/ / \ \ c > $ 5 r-: ;::: '2 '"' - (; '"' ' ' TIMES1'\fCE INSTALLATION (days) BV: VERTICAL Note: -- BH: HORIZONTAL Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 25

32 (Station ) 25.0, c.-- ;.-..._ $ r.c "' u 0::: r ;::.,,._ \.. 0::: 58.4 (": C.Ll 23.0 (": ::2: - < (": ('; (/) _,..: loo TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) --CV: VERTICAL Note: -+-CH: HORIZONTAL Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 26

33 25.0 (Station ) I "' <U.c u.s r.u <r.: \ \ c $ ' - r.-"- r. '"' - -("; (f; 21.0 ' TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) DV: VERTICAL -+- DH: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 27

34 18.0 (Station ) r \:" """" \ > "' s: J::! 1:"'1 w..., c :::, 1:"'1 ;.. 0:: [.I.J r. - :::;:: -< Cl '"' - - '"' (") ;,;; TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) -- 1P: VERTICAL --2P: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 28

35 (Station ) 18.0 r r45.7 "' u t'l.c u -l c: t'l v 0:: t.i.i E- t.i.i :2: --< Cl ;:; \ > :s: - ""' ::l "' -"' "' ;;; 16.0 l ' ;_ "'-----.j4q zoo TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) -- 10: VERTICAL --20: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 29

36 18.0 (Station ) ,45.7 '"' '"' t::.c ;::, 0::: CIJ E- CIJ :2: < ' > ::::: C'l..., C'l ;;c " --" "...,!! L : : : ' TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) -- 1T: VERTICAL --2T: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed.. 30

37 18.0 (Station ) ) "'.c u c '-' 0:: r.ij f- r.ij < -Cl c > ;s: r-:, r. r TIME SINCE INSTALlATION (days) -- lv: VERTICAL --lh: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 31

38 24.0 (Station ) :: UJ E UJ :::; ::: :; s: ;::: r. n ;:; n....!::: ' 100 zoo TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) lb: VERTICAL --la: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 32

39 24.0 (Station ) _... "'..<:: " , / c > r-: r-: r: r: ;:; r:,.., ' ' TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) ' B: VERTICAL -+- 2A: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 33

40 (Station ) :: "' '-' -= 5 u..s '-' :::= r. (.lj [Ij ::::E <r.: - Q " Cii c :;: "' :....:.....;..; TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) -- 3B: VERTICAL --3A: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 34

41 ., "' c g 23.0 ;::, 0:: c.r.j tu ;:;; 22.5 < - Cl (Station ) c ;;: ::: t'1 ;::; r. '"' -"'.., '"'!:! ' TIME SINCE INSTALL\TION (days) B: VERTICAL -- 4A: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 35

42 (Station ) > s: "" r. r. -" ('I)...,.!!! ' zoo TilYIE SINCE INSTALLATION (days) B: VERTICAL -+-SA: HORIZONTAL Note: Measurements for day 0 are assumed. 36

43 30.0 (Station ) "' u <::: 29.5 := :: UJ 29.0 E- UJ - :E < > :::: 1:"1 _, 1:"1 ;;:l -;:; "' :::: - "' "'..., "' 28.0 ' TIME SINCE INSTALlATION (days) Y5: VERTICAL -+- Y6: HORIZONTAL 37

44 30.0 (Station ) 76.2,... OJ "'..<::: c:: '--' w &- w ::;: _ '..Ill s: ;s: t"l..., t"l ;:::l c; "' ;:; :: -:::.., "'... "' 28.0 ' ' TIME SINCE INSTALLATION (days) Z5: VERTICAL --Z6: HORIZONTAL 38