UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

Transcription

1 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT STATISTICAL TABLES ON THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 2018

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3 UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT STATISTICAL TABLES ON THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 2018 GENEVA, 2018

4 Notes This is an unedited publication. The term dollars ($) refers to United States dollars unless otherwise stated. The term billion signifies 1,000 million. Annual rates of growth and changes refer to compound rates. Exports are valued f.o.b. (free on board) and imports c.i.f. (cost, insurance, freight) unless otherwise specified. Use of a dash ( ) between dates representing years, e.g , signifies the full period involved, including the initial and final years. An oblique stroke (/) between two years, e.g. 1991/92, signifies a fiscal or crop year. Two dots (..) indicate that the data are not available, or are not separately reported. A hyphen (-) indicates that the amount is nil or negligible. Details and percentages do not necessarily add up to totals, because of rounding. UNCTAD/LDC/2018/Stats iv

5 List of Tables 1. Development indicators, , selected years Committee for Development Policy reviews: 2012, 2015 and Indicators on area and population, Real GDP growth, , selected years Real GDP per capita growth, , selected years Gross fixed capital formation, gross domestic savings and external resource gap in LDCs, , selected years Share of value added in main economic sectors in LDCs, , selected years Foreign direct investment inflows, , selected years Migrant remittance inflows to LDCs, , selected years Selected indicators on foreign debt burden, , selected years Selected indicators on education, Employment by sector in LDCs, , selected years Total merchandise exports: Levels and annual average growth rates, , selected years Total merchandise imports: Levels and annual average growth rates, , selected years Product composition of merchandise exports, Product composition of merchandise imports, Main markets for merchandise exports of LDCs: share in Main sources of merchandise imports of LDCs: share in Total services exports: Levels and annual average growth rates, , selected years Total services imports: Levels and annual average growth rates, , selected years LDC merchandise and services export specialization, Total net ODA disbursements to LDCs by country and as percentage of GNI, , selected years Gross aid disbursement to LDCs by sector, , selected years Net ODA from individual DAC member countries to LDCs, , selected years Access to electricity in LDCs, , selected years v

6 Abbreviations DAC GDP GNI HDI LDC MPI ODA ODC Development Assistance Committee gross domestic product gross national income Human Development Index least developed country Multidsimensional Poverty index official development assistance other developing country vi

7 groups and product classifications used in these tables LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES Geographical/structural classification Unless otherwise specified, in this Report the least developed countries (LDCs) are classified according to a combination of geographical and structural criteria. The small island LDCs that are geographically in Africa or Asia are thus grouped with the Pacific islands to form the island LDCs group, due to their structural similarities. Haiti and Madagascar, which are regarded as large island States, are grouped together with the African LDCs. African LDCs and Haiti: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia. Asian LDCs: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Lao People s Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Yemen. Island LDCs: Comoros, Kiribati, Sao Tome and Principe, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Vanuatu. Export specialization UNCTAD has classified the LDCs under six export specialization categories, according to which type of exports accounted for at least 45 per cent of total exports of goods and services in * The group composition is as follows: Agricultural and food exporters: Guinea-Bissau, Malawi, Solomon Islands, Somalia. Fuel exporters: Angola, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Yemen. Manufactures exporters: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Haiti, Lesotho. Mineral exporters: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Sierra Leone, Zambia. Mixed exporters: Benin, Burundi, Kiribati, Lao People s Democratic Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Senegal, Sudan, Togo, United Republic of Tanzania. Services exporters: Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kiribati, Nepal, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu. * No merchandise exports data are available for South Sudan. Other developing countries (ODCs): All developing countries (as classified by the United Nations) that are not LDCs. vii

8 Product classification Goods: The figures provided below are the codes of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), revision 3. Primary commodities: Sections 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, division 68 and groups 667 and 971. Agriculture and food: Sections 0, 1, 2, and 4, excluding divisions 27 and 28. Minerals: Divisions 27, 28, 68, and groups 667 and 971. Fuels: Section 3. Manufactures: Sections 5, 6 (excluding division 68 and group 667), 7 and 8. Labour-intensive and resource-intensive manufactures: Divisions 61, 63, 64, 65, 82, 83, 84, 85, 66 (excluding group 667). Low-skill- and technology-intensive manufactures: Divisions 67, 69 and groups 785, 786, 791, 793, 895, 899. Medium-skill- and technology-intensive manufactures: Divisions 62, 71, 72, 73, 74, 77 (excluding group 776), 81, and groups 781 to 784, 893, 894. High-skill- and technology-intensive manufactures: Section 5, divisions 75, 76, 87, 88 and groups 776, 792, 891, 892, 896, 897. Section 9 (Commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere in the SITC) has been included only in the total of exports of goods and services, but not in the goods classification above, except for group 971 (Gold, nonmonetary (excluding gold ores and concentrates)), which has been included in Minerals. viii

9 1. Development indicators, , selected years GNI per capita (current dollars) a Income level Human Development Index (HDI) b Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) c Value Rank Annual average growth Value Afghanistan Low income Angola Lower middle income Bangladesh Lower middle income Benin Low income Bhutan Lower middle income Burkina Faso Low income Burundi 770 Low income Cambodia Lower middle income Central African Republic 730 Low income Chad Low income Comoros Low income Democratic Republic of the Congo 870 Low income Djibouti Lower middle income Eritrea Low income Ethiopia Low income Gambia Low income Guinea Low income Guinea-Bissau Low income Haiti Low income Kiribati Lower middle income Lao People's Democratic Republic Lower middle income Lesotho Lower middle income Liberia 710 Low income Madagascar Low income Malawi Low income Mali Low income Mauritania Lower middle income Mozambique Low income Myanmar Lower middle income Nepal Low income Niger 990 Low income Rwanda Low income Sao Tome and Principe Lower middle income Senegal Low income Sierra Leone Low income Solomon Islands Lower middle income Somalia 88 Low income South Sudan 546 Low income Sudan Lower middle income Timor-Leste Low income Togo Low income Tuvalu Upper middle income Uganda Low income United Republic of Tanzania Lower middle income Vanuatu Lower middle income Yemen 935 Low income Zambia Lower middle income LDCs Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators database, accessed August 2017; United Nations, Undata National accounts main aggregates database (accessed September 2017); UNDP, Human Development Report 2018 (accessed September 2017); World Bank Economies Income classification (accessed September 2017) Notes: a Gross National Income (GNI) current $ Atlas method, World Bank, World Development Indicators database (accessed November 2018). b HDI: below 0.550: Low human development ; between and 0.699: Medium human development. See Technical notes 1 at hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/ hdr2018_technical_notes.pdf c MPI : higher values indicate population multidimentionally poor. See Technical notes 5 at d GNI : Eritrea, Somalia, South Sudan and Yemen data is from the United Nations Statistics Division and data is from 2016 only ( Introduction.asp). 1

10 2. Committee for Development Policy (CDP) reviews: 2012, 2015 and 2018 Economic Human Economic Vulnerability Assets Vulnerability Index a (EVI) Index b (HAI) Index a (EVI) Human Assets Index b (HAI) Economic Vulnerability Index a (EVI) CDP 2012 review CDP 2015 review CDP 2018 review Human Assets Index b (HAI) Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Equatorial Guinea graduated graduated Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People s Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Samoa Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia Sudan Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs c) Source: United Nations Committee for Development Policy (CDP) database, 2012, 2015 and 2018 reviews. Notes. a EVI: higher values indicate higher vulnerablity.see explanotory notes at b HAI: lower values indicate weaker human asset development. See explanotory notes at publications/2008cdphandbook.pdf c Total LDCs: weighted average by GDP current value, with 2017 values for 2018 review (UNCTADstat database, November 2018). 2

11 3. Indicators on area and population, 2018 Land area a Thousand square kilometers Area Per cent of arable land and land under permanent crops Per cent Per cent of land area covered by forest Per cent Population Density c Urban c population below $1.90 Poverty: a day bc Population per square kilometer of land area Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Sources:FAO, FAOSTAT (data for 2015, accessed November 2018); United Nations/DESA/Population Division (accessed November 2018); World Bank, World Development Indicators database (accessed November 2018). Notes: a Land area: country area excluding Inland water. b Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population), refers to latest data c Total values for LDCs, African LDCs and Haiti, Asian LDCs, Islands LDCs and ODCs: weighted average by population size. Per cent 3

12 4. Real GDP growth, , selected years (Annual average growth rates, per cent) average a 2018 b Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan c Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Sources: UNCTAD secretariat calculations based on data from United Nations World Economic Situation and Prospects 2018 and Update as of mid Notes: a Data for 2017 are partly estimated. b Data for 2018 are baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model. c Sudan include South Sudan until

13 5. Real GDP per capita growth, , selected years (Annual average growth rates, per cent) average a 2018 b Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan c Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Sources: UNCTAD secretariat calculations based on data from UN World Economic Situation and Prospects 2018 and Update as of mid Notes: a Data for 2017 are partly estimated. b Data for 2018 are baseline scenario forecasts, based in part on Project LINK and the UN/DESA World Economic Forecasting Model. c Sudan include South Sudan until South Sudan and Tuvalu are not included in the analysis due to insufficient data. 5

14 6. Gross fixed capital formation, gross domestic savings and external resource gap in LDCs, , selected years (Per cent of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation Gross domestic savings External resource gap average average average Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Dem. Rep. of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Dem. Rep Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan a Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018) Notes: a Sudan includes South Sudan until

15 7. Share of value added in main economic sectors in LDCs, , selected years (Per cent of GDP) Agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing Manufacturing Industry Non-manufacturing Services Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan a Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018). Notes: a Sudan includes South Sudan until

16 8. Foreign direct investment inflows, , selected years (Millions of dollars) Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan a Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018) Notes: a Sudan includes South Sudan until

17 9. Migrant remittance inflows to LDCs, , selected years Millions of dollars average Countries with remittances > 10 per cent of GNI in average Percentage of GNI a Nepal Haiti Gambia Liberia South Sudan Comoros Senegal Lesotho Yemen Countries with remittances between 5 per cent and 10 per cent of GNI in 2017 Togo Guinea-Bissau Tuvalu Mali Kiribati Bangladesh Sao Tome and Principe Countries with remittances < 5 per cent of GNI in 2017 Uganda Myanmar Burkina Faso Timor-Leste Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Madagascar Benin Niger Rwanda Vanuatu Mozambique Bhutan Cambodia Afghanistan Mauritania Solomon Islands Sierra Leone Burundi Ethiopia Bhutan Sierra Leone Myanmar Ethiopia United Republic of Tanzania Lao People's Democratic Republic Malawi Guinea Zambia Sudan Angola Central African Republic Chad Eritrea Somalia LDCs b African LDCS and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Source: UNCTAD secretariat based on World Bank, Data and analysis on migration and remittances, (accessed November 2018); World Development Indicators database; and UNSD, UNdata database (accessed November 2017). Notes: a GNI, Atlas method (current US$). World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. b LDC aggregates excluding Central African Republic, Chad, Eritrea and Somalia for which data is unavailable. 9

18 10. Selected indicators on foreign debt burden , selected years External debt stocks External debt stocks (% of exports of (% of GNI current $) a goods, services and primary income) average Countries with debt stocks > 100 per cent of GNI in average Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income) average Bhutan Djibouti Mozambique Countries with debt stocks between 50 per cent and 100 per cent of GNI in 2017 Lao People's Democratic Republic Mauritania Sao Tome and Princip Gambia Zambia Liberia Cambodia Senegal Countries with debt stocks < 50 per cent of GNI in 2017 Eritrea Sierra Leone Niger Vanuatu Uganda Somalia Central African Republic Rwanda United Republic of Tanzania Malawi Ethiopia Togo Chad Lesotho Angola Benin Madagascar Mali Solomon Islands Haiti Yemen Comoros Burkina Faso Myanmar Guinea-Bissau Sudan Nepal Bangladesh Burundi Guinea Democratic Republic of the Congo Afghanistan Timor-Leste Kiribati South Sudan Tuvalu LDCs b African LDCS and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Source: UNCTAD secretariat based on World Bank, World Development Indicators (WDI) database (accessed November 2018). Notes: a Countries sorted by descending order b LDC aggregates excluding Kiribati, South Sudan and Tuvalu for which data is unavailable. 10

19 11. Selected indicators on education, 2017* Primary completion rate Net primary school enrolment rate (per cent of primary school-age population) Net secondary school enrolment rate (per cent of secondary school-age population) Youth literacy rate (per cent of people aged 15-24) Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Sources: UNESCO, UIS database (accessed November 2018). Notes: * 2017 or latest year available since 2006; LDCs group and ODCs weighted by primary or secondary school-age population and by group age population. 11

20 12. Employment by sector in LDCs, , selected years (Percentage of total employment) 12 Employment in agriculture Employment in industry Employment in manufacturing Employment in services Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs a African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Source: ILOstat - Trends Econometric Models, ILO estimates and projections (accessed November 2017). a LDC aggregates excluding Kiribati and Tuvalu which data is unvailable.

21 13. Total merchandise exports: Levels and annual average growth rates, , selected years Total merchandise exports (millions of dollars) average Annual average growth rates (per cent) average Afghanistan Angola Bangladesh Benin Bhutan Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Haiti Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Myanmar Nepal Niger Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Somalia South Sudan Sudan a Timor-Leste Togo Tuvalu Uganda United Repubvlic of Tanzania Vanuatu Yemen Zambia LDCs African LDCs and Haiti Asian LDCs Island LDCs ODCs Source: UNCTAD, UNCTADstat database (accessed November 2018). Notes: a Sudan includes South Sudan until