To adjust the weights of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) using the household expenditure pattern of Samoan households and;

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2 PREFACE The 2008 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) was conducted in two rounds. The first round was conducted from 4-31 August and the second round from 1 28 September The 2008 HIES is the third such survey conducted by the Samoa Bureau of Statistics since the first one in The 2008 HIES collects information on Income and Expenditure of Sampled Households in order to provide information on the economic characteristics of all households in Samoa. The main objectives of the survey are: To adjust the weights of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) using the household expenditure pattern of Samoan households and; To provide data to determine the extent of hardship and the vulnerability on households in Samoa. The 2008 HIES took advantage of the experiences gained and lessons learned from the previous two exercises. As a result, field supervision was greatly improved and monitored despite operating on a reduced budget. The tabulation report provides summaries of some key findings together with detailed tables which we believe are of great use to our users. As common with such an undertaking, a large volume of data was collected, which unfortunately cannot be all provided in printed form. However, for specific information requirements, the Bureau is happy to assist where possible. This major exercise could not be completed successfully without the assistance of many individuals and organizations. I would like to record my appreciation to the Government of Samoa for funding this major undertaking. I would also like to thank ADB for the

3 services of Mr. David Abbott who assisted us in putting together the Poverty Report. I also express my appreciation to Mr. Gene Lorica, Data Processing Expert on CsPro from the Philippines National Statistics Office who provided the much needed expertise that enabled us to provide the tables necessary for analysis. In this regard, we also acknowledge the support of the Philippines National Statistics Office for allowing Mr. Lorica to undertake this very important part of the 2008 HIES. I also acknowledge the continuous support from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community. To the pulenu u of the selected villages, who not only provided accommodation for the enumerators for the 4 weeks, but also acted as Liaison officers, fa afetai tele le lagolago mai. We hope to continue our close working relationship in the future. Mo aiga uma na a afia I lenei galuega. Fa afetai tele le lagolago mai. O lo outou sao taua ua mafai ai ona tuufaatasia faamatalaga moomia mo le fuafuaina o atiinae talafeagai mo le manuia lautele o le atunuu. Lastly but not the least, I express my appreciation to the Steering Committee, Part - time Enumerators, The Bureau s Staff who all contributed tremendously to the successful completion of this survey. Muagututia S. Reupena. GOVERNMENT STATISTICIAN

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 SURVEY METHODOLOGY 2 3 FIELD OPERATION 3 4 SUMMARIZATION 6 5 ACCURACY OF ESTIMATES 12 6 HIGHLIGHTS 13 APPENDICES 1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE DATA PROCESSING EXPERT 16 2 STANDARD ERRORS AND COEFFFICIENT OF VARIATIION OF KEY VARIABLES 17 3 KEY DEFINITIONS 19 4 TABLES 20

5 1. Introduction The 2008 Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) is the third such survey conducted by the Samoa Bureau of Statistics since the first one in The 2008 HIES collects information on Income and Expenditure of each sampled household in order to provide information on the economic characteristics of all households in Samoa. The main objectives of this survey are: To adjust the weights of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) using the household expenditure pattern of Samoan households and To provide data to determine the extent of hardship and the vulnerability of households in Samoa This undertaking was funded by the Government of Samoa, with technical assistance provided by the Asian Development Bank through the services of Mr. David Abbott It needs to be noted that the volume of data collected makes the analysis complicated and difficult. The skills required to undertake such analysis and interpretation of data involve strong conceptual, analytical, statistical, and computing skills. With this in mind the SBS was fortunate to have access into the services of Mr. Gene Lorica, a data processing expert on CsPro from the Philippines National Statistics Office whom we also employed for the 2002 HIES and the 1999 Agriculture Census. The SBS provided counterpart staff to Mr. Lorica during his two separate four week assignments and throughout the project which provided a vehicle for the transfer of much needed skills. Terms of Reference for the Data processing expert is attached as Appendix 1 1

6 2. Survey Methodology The sampling technique used for the 2008 HIES is a stratified single stage cluster design. The first stage involved the selection of the Enumeration Area (EA) using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS) while the second stage involved the selection of a fixed cluster size. To achieve a 10% sample of households, every tenth household was selected with a cluster size of 10 for North West Upolu, Rest of Upolu, and Savaii, and a cluster size of 5 for Apia Urban Area. Due to some variation in the number of households since the last population census in 2006 in which the frame was based, and the 2008 situation, the proportions of sampled households in the frame does not come to the required sample size. The resulting proportions are: Region Apia Urban Area North West Upolu Rest of Upolu Total Number of Households Sampled Households Responding Households Proportion Sampled (%) Response Rate (%) Savaii Samoa

7 3. Field Operation Sampling methodology was discussed earlier in which forty four villages throughout the country were selected from these enumeration areas. From these villages, a sample of Enumeration areas was selected in which samples of households were enumerated. From experiences gained in the 2002 HIES, field supervision was one area that was identified as requiring improvement. As a result, a lot of effort was put into improving the field work supervision through daily visits to selected households by enumerators and every second day visits by the supervisors. Furthermore, the survey was conducted in two rounds with both rounds covering fifty percent of the selected households throughout the country. This not only ensured the representativeness of the sample but to allocate a reasonable workload per team of enumerators. The field work was organized in two rounds. From 4 to 31 August 2008, half of the selected households were enumerated. The other half of the selected households was enumerated from 1 to 28 September Four different schedules were to be completed for each selected household. As recommended in the 2002 HIES, estimates on rental value of own occupied dwelling together with some household welfare characteristics (e.g. toilet facilities) were collected. i) Household Control Form ii) Household Form iii) Individual Questionnaire iv) Diary i) Household Control Form This form serves as a control for the other survey schedules. It identifies the location of the household, Head of household, and collects basic demographic details of each member of the household. 3

8 ii) Household Form Every selected household is required to complete this form. This form collects information on: i ) Dwelling Characteristics ii) Household Possession iii) Dwelling Tenure iv) Construction and Improvements of Dwelling v) Household Bills vi) Transport Expenses vii) Acquisition of Major Durables viii) Education, Recreation, and Sport ix) Medical and Health Expenses x) Overseas Travel xi) Special Events xii) Agriculture, Livestock, Fishing, and other Sales iii) Individual Questionnaire This schedule was to be completed for every household member 15 years and above. It collects information on: i) Wages and salaries ii) Self employment and other Business Activities iii) Previous Jobs iv) Pensions/Welfare Benefits v) Other Income vi) Loan Information vii) Contribution to Benefit Scheme The first two weeks were to collect data using the Household Control Form, the Household Form, the Individual Questionnaire, and to introduce the Two-Week Diary that every household was required to complete starting the following Sunday. 4

9 iv) Diary Every selected household was required to complete a two week diary recording their daily purchases either in cash or credit, home produce consumed, given, received or sold. The diary also recorded cash and bought goods given away, cash and bought goods received and any income received from games and gambling. During the next two weeks o f enumeration, the enumerators were to visit each household to follow up the completion of the Diary and to complete any remaining Individual Questionnaires. The enumerator was to visit every household at least on every second day to check on the completion of the Diary, check the entries made for the previous day, and to answer any queries that the households may have had regarding the completion of the Diary and other matters that may arise during the survey period. The second check was done by the supervisor. This proved very effective not only in helping the household in completing the Diary correctly but also to allow other members to record their expenses particularly those spending outside the households. This is particularly important with employed members of the household who spend money on lunch and other purchases consumed and services purchased outside the household. The Supervisor was responsible to collect and account for all survey documents before leaving the field. This arrangement was made possible by the continuous support of the Pulenuu and Sui o le Malo who not only provided accommodation and meals at reasonable costs but also acted as liaison officers and mediators in case of refusal. Due to the commitment of staff and the continuous support of the selected households, the quality of data collected is of high standard. Although some households did not complete all the required forms due to unforeseen circumstances, the overall response rate was high at 95%. 5

10 4. Summarization Procedures i) Imputation All households with completed Household Form, Household Control Form, Individual Forms, and Diary Forms were tagged as completed, i.e., the Interview Status (PISTAT) is set to 1. For households with completed Household, Household Control and Individual Forms but only one Diary Form (one week only) the missing Diary Form was imputed by copying the completed Diary Form. These cases were also tagged as completed. For some data items whose value of the entry was larger than the allocated digits in the data entry system, the correct entries were entered in the data item variable as part of the summarization program. ii) Weights Apia Urban Areas North West Upolu Rest of Upolu Savaii Only those cases or households with Interview Status = 1 (completed) have weights. 6

11 iii) Household Size There are two household Size data item: HHMEM Number of household members including visitors HSIZE Number of household members excluding visitors iv) Weekly Household Income Weekly Household Income (WINC) is the sum of the following: 1) Weekly Individual Primary Income (WPINC) - total amount earned for the job - estimated value of drawings from business - gross amount received/earned for other job - other amount received/earned for other job 2) Weekly Individual Other Income (WPOTHINC) - total amount received as benefit payment - total amount received as pension payment - total amount received as lump sum pension payment - interest, rent for the house, rent for the land, from partnership as nonworking shareholder, as non-working proprietor, director fees, remuneration for committees, child support for dependent children, and royalties. 3) Weekly Income from Entrepreneurial Activity (WENTREP) - net income from agricultural (crop farming) activity - net income from agricultural (livestock raising) activity - net income from fishing activity - net income from selling home-made produce - net income from making handicrafts 7

12 4) Weekly Value of Gifts Received, both In-cash or In-kind (GIFTS) - sum of value of items received/or paid for by others reported in the household form, value of own produced received as gift (diary), cash received (diary), and value of item bought received as gift (diary) 5) Weekly Value of Own Produced Consumed (WUSED) - value of home grown used (diary) 6) Weekly Value of Own Produced Given Away as Gift (WGIVE) - value of home grown given away as gifts (diary) 7) Weekly Remittance Received, both In Cash and In-kind (WREMITS) - remittance received both in-cash and in-kind from overseas and domestic sources. 8) Weekly Rental Value of the dwelling unit (RENTALVALUE) - estimated value of own or own-like dwelling unit v) Weekly Household Other Receipts Other Receipts is the sum of receipts reported in Section 5.1 of Individual Form and Total Loans made in year 2007 and after. The receipts considered as other receipts in section 5.1 are the following: - Life insurance - Sale of motor vehicle - Sale of other assets - Inheritance - Matrimonial settlement - Others 8

13 vi) Weekly Household Expenditure Weekly Household Expenditure is the sum of the following: 1) Weekly expenditure on food 2) Weekly expenditure on alcoholic beverages 3) Weekly expenditure on tobacco 4) Weekly expenditure on clothing 5) Weekly expenditure on housing, water charges, domestic fuel and energy 6) Weekly expenditure on house furnishings, equipment and household maintenance 7) Weekly expenditure on medical or health 8) Weekly expenditure on transportation 9) Weekly expenditure on leisure, entertainment and culture 10) Weekly expenditure on education 11) Weekly expenditure on restaurants and hotels 12) Weekly expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services 13) Weekly expenditure on handicraft Generally, the weekly item expenditure gathered in Household Form was computed by annualizing the entry and dividing it with 52 (no. of weeks in a year). Annualize means that the entry was multiplied by a multiplier depending on the period covered reported, i.e., multiplied by 12 for monthly, 4 for quarterly, 26 for fortnightly, and 52 for weekly. Expenditure items reported in the household form were merged or fused into the corresponding entries in the diary form depending on the frequency that those items were bought or paid, i.e., annually, monthly, fortnightly, or weekly. The main reason for merging the expenditure entries in the household and diary form is to facilitate the generation of statistical tables. Below is the summary of how expenditure items reported in the household form is merged or fused into their corresponding item in the diary form. 1) Case I - Regular Fixed Monthly Payment If there is entry in the household form, the annualized value divided by 52 is used replacing the corresponding entry in the diary form. The rationale is that item expenditure is fixed and even if there is entry in the diary form, there is no 9

14 substantial effect if the entries in household form and diary form are to be merged or fused. If there is no entry in the household form but with entry in the diary form, the amount is considered as payment for one month, hence the amount is multiplied by 12 then divided by 52. Applied to: - Section 3.3 House rent - Section 3.9 Insurance Policy Premium - Section 5.1 Household Bills 2) Case II Regular Weekly Expenditure If there is entry in the household form and with corresponding entry in the diary form, the annualized value in the household form is added to the entry in the diary form and then divided by 54 (i.e., one year and two weeks) to get the weekly expenditure. In case the entry is in the household form only, the annualized value is divided by 52 (one year) to get the weekly expenditure. If there is no entry in the household form but with entry in the diary form, the amount is considered as expenditure for two weeks, hence the amount is divided by 2 to get the weekly expenditure. Applied to: - Section 14.2 Contributions to Church, Village, or School 3) Case III Regular Monthly Payment but Amount is not Fix If there is entry in the household form and with corresponding entry in the diary form, the annualized value in the household form is added to the entry in the diary form and then divided by 56 (i.e., one year and one month) to get the weekly expenditure. In case the entry is in the household form only, the annualized value is divided by 52 (one year) to get the weekly expenditure. If there is no entry in the household form but with entry in the diary form, the amount is considered as expenditure for one month, hence the amount is multiplied by 12 then divided by 52 to get the weekly expenditure. 10

15 Applied to: - Section 13.1 Remittance Sent 4) Case IV Not Regular Expenditure If there is entry in the household form the value is considered as expenditure for one year hence it is divided by 52 to get the weekly expenditure. In case the expenditure is found only in the diary form, the same treatment is applied, i.e., divide the amount by 52 to get the weekly expenditure. These are for the items that are not regularly bought or paid for such as cars, appliances, etc. Applied to: - Section Utilities Connection/Reconnection Fees - Section Vehicle Purchase - Section Vehicle Parts, Accessories, Repairs - Section Vehicle Hire - Section Vehicle Registration - Section House Furnishings/Fittings - Section Household Appliances - Section Education/Recreation/Sports Fee/Subscription - Section Medical and Health Services - Section Medical and Health Services - Section Overseas Travel - Section Overseas Travel - Section Special Events 11

16 5. Accuracy of Estimates. Accuracy and reliability of estimates in a survey such as HIES are measured by computing the sampling errors, specifically standard errors and coefficient of variations. Although survey estimates are subject to both sampling and non sampling errors, only sampling errors can be calculated. Non sampling errors are minimized by means of quality control and operational control measures in all phases of the survey. In practice, estimates with coefficient of variations (CV) of less than 20% are considered as statistically accurate. On the other hand, those estimates with (CV) more than 20% are indicative and should not be used at face value. Standard errors and Coefficient of Variations for key variables are attached as Appendix 2 12

17 6. HIGHLIGHTS Seventy eight percent (78%) of households have a male head of household Twenty seven percent (27%) of persons 15 years and over were employed full time, part time, or self employed. Average household income for Samoa was $694/week with the highest in the Apia Urban Area of $807/week and lowest in the Rest of Upolu Region of $600/week. Table 1: Household Weekly Income and Expenditure Region Number of Households Weekly Income Weekly Expenditure Total Average Total Average Total 25,123 17,428, ,096, Apia Urban Areas 5,496 4,433, ,433, North West Upolu 7,891 5,709, ,922, Rest of Upolu 5,775 3,465, ,086, Savaii 5,960 3,820, ,653, Average household expenditure for Samoa was $840/week with the highest in the Apia Urban Area of $989/week and lowest in the Rest of Upolu Region of $708/week 13

18 Table 2: Distribution of Total Expenditure by Major Group by Region Samoa ALL ITEMS 21,096, FOOD 7,796, ALCOHOL 155, TOBACCO 288, CLOTHING 183, HOUSING 2,546, FURNITURE 693, HEALTH 179, TRANSPORTATION 1,607, RECREATION 2,047, EDUCATION 358, HOTEL 175, MISCELLANEOUS 4,959, HANDICRAFT 107, % of total expenditure was on food. 23.5% of total expenditure was on miscellaneous, 41% of which was on money given away as gifts, 30% for contribution/donations to the church and village and 13% for communication. 9.7% of total expenditure is on recreation, leisure and culture, 79% of which was expended on special events (saofai, maliu, faaipoipoga etc). 14

19 Table3: age of Household Weekly Income from Source of Income by Region Proportion Samoa Apia Urban Areas North West Upolu Rest of Upolu Savaii Total Primary Income Other Income Value of Own Produced Consumed Income from Entrepreneurial Activity Value of Own Produced Given Away as Gifts Value of remittances received (cash/kind) Value of Items received as gift Rental value of dwelling unit Most of the income received (42%) was from Primary income. Value of own produced accounted for about 14%. The lowest income earning households (10% of total number of households) received 1.9% of total income while the highest 10% of households received 33.8% of total income. 15

20 APPENDICES 1 Terms of reference of Data Process Expert. Mission 1 i) review the data processing capacity of SBS, identify gaps and weaknesses; ii) Generate a data entry system and develop programs that will ensure the completeness and consistencies of data in all encoded questionnaires; iii) Set up data entry screens, edit checks and any other requirement for data entry; iv) Provide training to the national counterpart and all staff involved in data entry; v) Prepare a report presenting findings, results, conclusions and recommendation for future work. Mission 2 i) Assist with preparation and production of final tables using weights derived from sample data as required by the tabulation plan provided by SBS; ii) Provide training to the national counterpart and staff involved in the final phase of the data processing of the survey; iii) Prepare a report presenting findings, results, conclusions and recommendation for future work. 16

21 2 Standard Errors and Coefficient of Variation for key Variables i) National Expenditures Weekly Average Estimate Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] CV(%) Total Expenditure Food Alcohol Tobacco Clothing Housing Furniture Medical Transportation Education Recreation Restaurant/Hotels Miscellaneous Handicraft Weekly Total Estimate Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] CV(%) Total Expenditure 21,096, , ,000, ,200, Food 7,796, , ,414, ,178, Alcohol 155, , , , Tobacco 288, , , , Clothing 183, , , , Housing 2,546, , ,320, ,771, Furniture 693, , , , Medical 179, , , , Transportation 1,607, , ,411, ,804, Education 358, , , , Recreation 2,047, , ,855, ,239, Restaurant/Hotels 175, , , , Miscellaneous 4,959, , ,602, ,315, Handicraft 107, , , ,

22 ii) National Income Weekly Average Estimate Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] CV(%) Total Income Primary Income Other Income Value of Own Produced Consumed Income from Entrepreneurial Activity Value of Own Produced Given Away Value of Remittance Received Value of items Received as Gifts Rental Value Total Weekly Estimate Std. Err. [95% Conf. Interval] CV(%) Total Income 7,428, , ,400, ,500, Primary Income 7,326, , ,667, ,985, Other Income 437, , , , Value of Own Produced Consumed 2,175, , ,064, ,287, Income from Entrepreneurial Activity 1,224, , ,002, ,446, Value of Own Produced Given Away 255, , , , Value of Remittance Received 1,883, , ,666, ,100, Value of items Received as Gifts 2,358, , ,035, ,680, Rental Value 1,766, , ,587, ,945,

23 3 Key Definitions: i) Weekly Household Income (WINC) is the sum of the following: Weekly Individual Primary Income (WPINC) + Weekly Individual Other Income (WPOTHINC) + Weekly Income from Entrepreneurial Activity (WENTREP) + Weekly Value of Gifts Received, both In-cash or In-kind (GIFTS) + Weekly Value of Own Produced Consumed (WUSED) + Weekly Value of Own Produced Given Away as Gift (WGIVE) + Weekly Remittance Received, both In Cash and In-kind (WREMITS) + Weekly Rental Value of the dwelling unit (RENTALVALUE) + Weekly Household Other Receipts ii) Weekly Household Expenditure is the sum of the following: Weekly expenditure on food + Weekly expenditure on alcoholic beverages + Weekly expenditure on tobacco + Weekly expenditure on clothing + Weekly expenditure on housing, water charges, domestic fuel and energy + Weekly expenditure on house furnishings, equipment and household maintenance + Weekly expenditure on medical or health + Weekly expenditure on transportation + Weekly expenditure on leisure, entertainment and culture + Weekly expenditure on education + Weekly expenditure on restaurants and hotels + Weekly expenditure on miscellaneous goods and services + Weekly expenditure on handicraft 19

24 4 Tables Demography 1.1 Household Size by Region and Sex of Household Head 1.2 Population by Age as of Last Birthday by Main Daily Activity and Sex, by Region. 1.3 Persons 15 Years and over who received Income by Age Group, Sex and Region. 1.4 Persons Main Daily Activity by Highest Level of Educational Attainment and Region 1.5 Persons Highest Level of Education by Age, Sex and Region. 1.6 Persons Marital Status by Age, Sex and Region. 1.7 Persons 15 Years and Over by Occupation Sub group, Age Group, Sex and Region. 1.8 Annual Income of Persons 15 Years and Over by Occupation, Sex and Region. Income and Expenditure 2.1 Household Weekly Income and Expenditure 2.2 Household Expenditure Pattern by Major item Group. 2.3 Average Weekly Income and Expenditure by Income s by Region. 2.4 Average Weekly Income and Expenditure by Income s (Samoa) 20

25 2.5 Household Total Income Distribution by Income by Region 2.6 Household Weekly Income by Income by Region 2.7 Household Total Income Distribution by Income 2.8 Household Weekly Income by Income 2.9 Total Weekly Expenditure by Income by Region 2.10 Total Weekly Expenditure by Income 2.11 Total Weekly Expenditure by Expenditure Group by Region Total and age Distribution of Weekly Expenditure by Major Item Group by Region Total and age Distribution of Weekly Expenditure by Major Item Group by Region age of Household Weekly Income by Source of Income by Region Total Household Weekly Income by Source of Income by Region age Distribution of Total Weekly Expenditure on Major Expenditure Group by Income Total and age Distribution of Value of Items Bought in Cash or Credit by Major Group by Region Total and age Distribution of Total Expenditure by Major Group by Region 2.19 Total Expenditure by Type of Expenditure by Major Group: Samoa 21

26 Household Characteristics 3.1 Number of Households by Type of House and Main Material used for roof (main house) by Region 3.2 Number of Households by Type of House and Main Material used for walls (main house) by Region 3.3 Number of Households by Type of House and Main Material used for floor (main house) by Region. 3.4 Number of Households by main Source of Cooking Facilities by Region 3.5 Number of Households by main Source of Lighting by Region 3.6 Number of Households by main Source of Drinking Water by Region. 3.7 Number of Households by main Type of Toilet Facilities by Region. 22

27 Table 1.1: Household Size by Region and Sex of Household Head Region and Sex of Household Head Total Apia Urban Areas North West Upolu Rest of Upolu Savaii Household Size Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female All Ages 25,123 19,628 5,495 5,496 4,178 1,319 7,891 6,211 1,681 5,775 4,535 1,241 5,960 4,705 1, , ,680 1, ,296 1, ,458 2, , ,323 2, , ,022 2, ,447 1, ,833 1, ,575 1,

28 Table 1.2: Population by Age as of last Birthday by Main Daily Activity and Sex, by Region Region / Age Samoa Total Full-time paid employment Part-time paid employment Self employed Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 109,622 55,313 54,309 24,503 15,536 8, ,183 2,714 1,469 18,068 17, ,466 2, ,972 9,819 9,153 1, ,160 2, ,295 7,507 6,788 3,825 2,272 1, ,051 2, ,311 5,691 5,621 3,930 2,462 1, ,990 1, ,687 5,438 5,249 3,476 2,310 1, ,949 1, ,611 5,235 5,376 3,241 2,115 1, ,735 1, ,631 4,925 4,706 3,111 1,837 1, ,780 1, ,630 4,209 4,421 2,363 1, ,545 1, ,489 3,450 3,039 1,499 1, ,437 1, ,180 2,658 2, ,091 2,134 1, ,498 1,631 1, and over 6,026 2,517 3, Not reported Region / Age Samoa Domestic Duties Full-time student Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 41,025 7,845 33,180 13,937 6,487 7,450 1, ,504 1,485 2, , ,875 12,502 5,789 6, ,603 1,198 4,405 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and over 2, , ,796 1,105 1, Not reported

29 Table 1.2: Population by Age as of last Birthday by Main Daily Activity and Sex, by Region Region / Age Apia Urban Areas Total Full-time paid employment Part-time paid employment Self employed Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 23,152 11,701 11,451 7,898 4,914 2, , ,997 1,957 2, ,137 1,818 1,319 1, ,554 1,416 1,138 1, ,262 1,083 1,180 1, ,151 1,055 1, , , , , , and over 1, Not reported Domestic Duties Full-time student Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported Region / Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 8,522 2,887 5,635 3,317 1,568 1, ,748 1,277 1, , and over Not reported

30 Table 1.2: Population by Age as of last Birthday by Main Daily Activity and Sex, by Region Region / Age North West Upolu Total Full-time paid employment Part-time paid employment Self employed Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 34,987 17,524 17,463 9,986 6,199 3, , ,822 4, ,065 3,191 2, ,212 2,521 2,691 1,717 1, ,702 1,802 1,900 1, ,459 1,729 1,729 1,583 1, ,617 1,766 1,851 1, ,093 1,754 1,340 1, ,618 1,267 1, ,997 1, , , and over 1, Not reported Domestic Duties Full-time student Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported Region / Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female North West Upolu Total 12,470 2,618 9,852 4,140 1,948 2, , , ,678 1,741 1, , , , , , , , , , and over Not reported

31 Table 1.2: Population by Age as of last Birthday by Main Daily Activity and Sex, by Region Total Full-time paid employment Part-time paid employment Self employed Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Region / Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Rest of Upolu Total 26,616 13,673 12,943 3,932 2,598 1, ,205 6, ,090 1, ,940 2,667 2, ,410 1,786 1, ,032 1, ,899 1,496 1, ,493 1,345 1, ,319 1,171 1, ,354 1,171 1, ,995 1, , , , and over 1, Not reported Domestic Duties Full-time student Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported Region / Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Rest of Upolu Total 9, ,652 3,676 1,740 1, ,375 1,566 1, , , , , and over Not reported

32 Table 1.2: Population by Age as of last Birthday by Main Daily Activity and Sex, by Region Total Full-time paid employment Part-time paid employment Self employed Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Region / Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Savaii Total 24,867 12,415 12,453 2,688 1, ,125 5, ,969 2,004 1, ,536 1,382 1, , , ,473 1,281 1, ,524 1,243 1, ,991 1, , , , , , , and over 1, Not reported Domestic Duties Full-time student Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported Region / Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Savaii Total 10,500 1,458 9,042 2,802 1,230 1, ,701 1,205 1, , , , , , , , , , and over Not reported

33 Table 1.3: Persons 15 years and over who received income, by age group, sex and region Region and Sex Age Samoa Apia Urban Area North West Upolu Rest of Upolu Savaii Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 43,469 24,759 18,709 12,381 7,190 5,191 15,819 8,939 6,881 7,863 4,395 3,468 7,406 4,235 3, ,771 1, ,369 2,988 2,381 1, ,265 1,230 1, ,305 3,137 2,168 1,707 1, ,192 1, ,627 2,970 1,657 1, ,997 1, ,634 2,865 1,769 1, ,022 1, ,284 2,565 1,718 1, ,583 1, ,564 2,078 1,487 1, , ,350 1, , ,289 1,571 1, , and over 5,736 2,408 3,328 1, , , , Not reported

34 Table 1.4: Persons main daily activity, by highest level of education and region Educational Attainment Primary Secondary Not Data Not Total None/Kindergarten (Y1 - Tertiary (Y9 - Y13) Reported gathered Region Y8) Samoa 109,622 9,162 61,036 29,438 9, Full-time paid employment 24, ,135 8,883 5, Part-time paid employment Self employed 4, ,774 1, Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption 18,068 2,225 11,345 3, Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale 2, , Domestic Duties 41,025 3,486 24,261 11,315 1, Full-time student 13, ,140 2, Unable to work (Disable) 1, Not Applicable (Old Age) 3,504 1,078 1, Other Not Reported Apia Urban Areas Total 23, ,342 10,118 3, Full-time paid employment 7, ,888 3,650 2, Part-time paid employment Self employed 1, Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Domestic Duties 8, ,331 4, Full-time student 3, ,610 1, Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported

35 Table 1.4: Persons main daily activity, by highest level of education and region Region North West Upolu Total None/Kindergarten Educational Attainment Primary (Y1 - Y8) Secondary (Y9 - Y13) Tertiary Not Reported Total 34,987 3,142 20,788 8,025 2, Full-time paid employment 9, ,567 3,142 1, Part-time paid employment Self employed 1, Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption 4, , Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Domestic Duties 12,470 1,242 8,171 2, Full-time student 4, , Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) 1, Other Not Reported Data Not gathered Rest of Upolu Total 26,616 2,169 16,271 6,703 1, Full-time paid employment 3, ,577 1, Part-time paid employment Self employed Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption 6, ,816 1, Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale 1, Domestic Duties 9, ,961 2, Full-time student 3, , Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported Savaii Total 24,867 3,158 15,636 4,590 1, Full-time paid employment 2, , Part-time paid employment Self employed Farm/Plant/Fish - Consumption 6,125 1,002 3,804 1, Farm/Plant/Fish - Sale Domestic Duties 10,500 1,243 6,797 2, Full-time student 2, , Unable to work (Disable) Not Applicable (Old Age) Other Not Reported

36 Table 1.5:Persons highest level of education by age sex and region Educational Attainment Total None/Kindergarten Primary (Y1 - Y8) Secondary (Y9 - Y13) Tertiary Not Reported Data Not gathered Region by Age Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Samoa Total 182,488 93,839 88,649 9,162 5,357 3,805 61,036 30,492 30,544 29,438 14,569 14,869 9,509 4,621 4, ,878 38,526 34, ,044 13,008 11, ,044 13,008 11, ,990 12,406 11, ,990 12,406 11, ,832 13,113 11, ,832 13,113 11, ,972 9,819 9,153 1,456 1, ,210 7,251 6,959 3,008 1,430 1, ,295 7,507 6, ,057 3,121 2,936 5,842 3,075 2,767 1, ,311 5,691 5, ,402 2,737 2,665 4,068 2,059 2,009 1, ,687 5,438 5, ,559 2,887 2,671 3,781 1,834 1, ,611 5,235 5, ,675 2,758 2,917 3,592 1,810 1, ,631 4,925 4, ,075 2,706 2,369 2,696 1,159 1,538 1, ,630 4,209 4, ,020 2,289 2,731 2,154 1,140 1, ,489 3,450 3, ,561 1,908 1,653 1, ,180 2,658 2, ,774 1,366 1, ,091 2,134 1, ,300 1,181 1, ,498 1,631 1, , , and over 6,026 2,517 3,508 1, ,325 1,395 1, Not Reported

37 Table 1.5:Persons highest level of education by age sex and region Educational Attainment Total None/Kindergarten Primary (Y1 - Y8) Secondary (Y9 - Y13) Tertiary Not Reported Data Not gathered Region by Age Apia Urban Areas Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total 37,268 18,918 18, ,342 4,150 4,192 10,118 5,302 4,816 3,886 1,777 2, ,116 7,218 6, ,344 2,221 2, ,344 2,221 2, ,622 2,262 2, ,622 2,262 2, ,149 2,734 2, ,149 2,734 2, ,997 1,957 2, ,207 1,013 1,194 1, ,137 1,818 1, , ,554 1,416 1, , ,262 1,083 1, , ,151 1,055 1, , , , , , , , and over 1, Not Reported