By: Mawar Murni Yunus (KUIS) Zunika Mohamed, PhD (EPU) Jamilah Mohd Mahyideen (UiTM) Ruhaida Saidon (UUM)
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1 REVEALED COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE (RCA) OF MALAYSIAN MANUFACTURING: MALAYSIAN EXPORT TO SINGAPORE By: Mawar Murni Yunus (KUIS) Zunika Mohamed, PhD (EPU) Jamilah Mohd Mahyideen (UiTM) Ruhaida Saidon (UUM) 1
2 Overview Introduction Malaysia s Economy & Trade Pattern Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) Method & Data Empirical Results & Interpretation Conclusion 2
3 Introduction During the last 10 yrs Malaysia has embarked on trade liberalization at the multilateral, regional, & bilateral levels in order to increase her competitiveness. Malaysia s trading partners consists of selected few countries & regions such as the US, OECD economies & Singapore. Singapore, being a traditional trade partner for Malaysia ever since the formation of Malaysia in 1960, still holds a prominent role for Malaysia s transformation in the near future. The biggest role play by Singapore is due to her function as a transport channel to a 3rd country. 3
4 Malaysia s Economy & Trade Pattern 4
5 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% p 2010f Services Construction Manufacturing Mining Agriculture FIGURE 1: Structure of Production, (per cent of GDP) Note: p refers to preliminary and f refers to forecast Source: Economic Planning Unit (2010b) 5
6 Manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials Machinery and transport equipments Miscellaneous manufactured articles FIGURE 2: Share of Malaysia Export to Singapore by Commodity Group (per cent), Note: Refers to share of export from Malaysia to Total World Export to Singapore by commodity group Source: Calculated by the authors based on UN COMTRADE database. 6
7 Previous Studies 1. Amir (2000) 2. Yue (2001) 3. Bender and Li (2002) 4. Ferto and Hubbard (2002) 5. Batra and Khan (2005) 6. Seyoum (2007) 7. Serin and Civan (2008) 8. Mahani and Wai (2008) 7
8 Method & Data Balassa (1965) RCA index: RCA ij = RCA of country j s commodity i in the world market, X ij = export value commodity i from country j, X it = total export value from country j, W i = world export value commodity i and W t = total world export value. RCA ij > 1 country j has a CA in production of i; the greater the index, the stronger the advantage. 8
9 Empirical Results & Interpretation 9
10 Appendix 1: RCA Indices for Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material (selected product group) (Data in white is more than or equal to 1) No of products Product group Manufact. leather etc. nes Veneers, plywood, etc Wood manufactures, nes Paper, paperboard, cut etc Textile yarn Knit. crochet. fabric nes Lime, cement, constr. matrl Clay, refrct. constr. matrl Mineral manufactures, nes Glass Glassware Flat-rolled plated iron Flat-rolled, alloy steel Wire of iron or steel Tubes, pipes, etc. iron, stl Copper Aluminium Zinc Tin Metallic structures nes Containers, storage, trnsp Wire products excl. elect Nails, screws, nuts, etc Cutlery Manufacts. base metal, nes Source: Calculated by the authors based on UN COMTRADE database. 10
11 Appendix 2: RCA Indices for Machinery and Transport Equipment (selected product group) (Data in white is more than or equal to 1) No of products Product group Steams turbines Intrnl combus pstn engin Agric. machines, ex. tractr Tractors Textile, leather machines Printng, bookbindng machs Food-process. mch. non dom Metal removal work tools Parts, nes, for mach-tools Heatng, coolng equip, part Non-elect mach. parts, etc Office machines Automatc. data proc equip Parts, for office machins Television receivers etc Sound recorder, phonogrph Telecomm. equip. parts nes Elect power machny. parts Elec. switch. relay. circut Electr distribt. eqpt nes Transistors, valves, etc Electric. mach. appart. nes Cycles, motorcycles etc Trailers, semi-trailr, etc Ship, boat, float. structrs Source: Calculated by the authors based on UN COMTRADE database.
12 Appendix 3: RCA Indices for Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (selected product group) (Data in white is more than or equal to 1) No of products Product group Prefabricated buildings Plumbng, sanitry, eqpt. etc Furniture, cushions, etc Trunk, suit-cases, bag, etc Mens, boys clothng, x-knit Mens, boys clothng, knit Women, girls clothng, knit Othr. textile apparel, nes Clothing accessrs, fabric Clothng, nontxtl; headgear Footwear Optical instruments, nes Medical instruments, nes Meters, counters, nes Measure, control instrmnt Photograph appar. etc. nes Photo. cinematogrph. suppl Optical goods nes Watches and clocks Printed matter Articles, nes, of plastics Baby carriage, toys, games Office, stationery suppls Gold, silverware, jewl nes Musical instruments, etc Source: Calculated by the authors based on UN COMTRADE database.
13 Ranking TABLE 1: RCA Ranking of Malaysian Manufacturing Products (list the top 25) SITC Code RCA SITC Code RCA Source: Calculated by the authors based on UN COMTRADE database. SITC Code RCA SITC Code RCA
14 Conclusions In the overall, the SITC 6 which has its based from agricultural resources has lost its dominance in the top 25 ranking of RCA indices. The emerging subsectors in 2009 are from the SITC 8 semimanufactured products from iron, steels and zinc, as well as from textiles. What can be gathered from this short analysis is that, to be competitive, Malaysia needs to pay particular attention to the development of these subsectors in the effort to strengthen export competitiveness to Singapore. 14
15 THANK YOU 15
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