India EV Expert Guide This is a sample report. To order a full report, contact us:

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3 3 About EAI Energy Alternatives India (EAI) was formed to provide Consulting, Research, Promotion and Marketing support to the fast growing Renewable Energy and Cleantech industry in India. Started by a team of professionals from IITs and IIMs having prior experience in the alternative energy industry, we are at the forefront of industry research, management consultancy, and business promotion in India with a focus on the renewable energy sector To Purchase the, Send an to narsi@eai.in, with the subject: Purchase Or Contact Ravi for further information - Call Or You can directly purchase the guide using credit card/debit card - Buy Now

4 4 - Vital Statistics

5 5 What do you get from reading the India EV Expert Guide? Current and expected market sizes, drivers and constraints for global and Indian electric vehicles Details on funding, partnerships, investment and joint ventures that have happened in recent years in the EV segment Innovative technologies that are emerging in the global and Indian EV sector Latest updates in the Indian EV sector Inputs on value chain of electric vehicles and technologies involved A comprehensive list of key stakeholders in the Indian and global electric vehicles industry Indian startups who are working on innovative technologies in the Indian EV segment Costs and economics involved in the manufacturing of electric vehicles and setting up of charging infrastructure An excellent snapshot of prominent Indian EV OEMs who have showcased their products at the Auto EXPO 2018

6 6 Prominent Questions Answered by the India EV Expert Guide The Expert guide will assist you in evaluating whether the Indian EV sector is a suitable one for your investment, by answering the following questions: What is the current and expected market size of global and Indian EV segment? What are the latest research, innovations and partnerships in the Indian and global EV sector? What are the policies and incentives provided by the Indian govern for electric vehicles? Who are the key stakeholders in the global and Indian EV industry? What are the key drivers and challenges for the growth of electric vehicle segment? What is the current cost and economics involved in Indian electric vehicles? How can the cost of the end product be reduced in future? Which are the startups in India involved in the electric vehicles sector and what are their profiles? What are the key drivers and challenges for the growth of electric vehicle segment? How do sourcing of components happen in manufacture of electric vehicles? Who are the large companies involved in manufacture of electric vehicles Global and Indian? What are the steps involved in the manufacturing of electric vehicle? How do I set up an EV charging infrastructure and what is the cost involved?

7 7 Why is the Unique? Business Oriented: It answers the most critical questions that entrepreneurs, investors and businesses have before investing in Electric vehicles industry Focus: It is only guide available in the country which provides exclusive insights and intelligence about the various EV business opportunities Written by Experts: Developed by EAI s EV team which provides insights & recommendations on short term opportunities and enabling action points with strategic perspectives for the long term Actionable Insights and Intelligence, not just Information: Compiled by EV experts, India EV Expert Guide is the first report that provides in-depth analysis and insights on this important field. It uses innumerable data and information from a wide variety of expert sources and market studies, and distils these inputs and data into intelligence and an actionable roadmap that you can use. enables decision making through clear insights on following key aspects: Market Understanding: In-depth analysis of the Indian electric vehicles market with current trends and future estimations Opportunity Analyses: The EV market encompasses a large opportunity spectrum including Component and OEM manufacturing, Marketing and trading services including distributorships and franchisees. provides clarity on key opportunities along the entire EV Value Chain. Policy Understanding: analyses key policies under EV space such as NEMMP 2020, FAME Scheme other evolving policies, and their impacts on the overall commercial feasibility for new entrants.

8 8 Who Will Benefit the Most from the India EV Expert Guide? Entrepreneurs, small business and start-ups keen on benefitting from the EV opportunities Established companies keen on diversifying to manufacturing or providing solutions for the upcoming EV sector Researchers & academics wishing to contribute to technological innovation for the EVs of the future Financial and strategic investors keen to have a play in the EV sector Powerful Insights You Gain from the India EV Expert Guide Type of Insights Market size Market growth EV Technologies Key Stakeholders in the EV Industry Major Indian Companies in the Indian EV Industry Details Current and expected market sizes of global and Indian electric vehicle industry is provided. Key drivers and constraints that affect the growth of the industry is also discussed. Current and future market growth of electric vehicles by product type and geography is discussed in detail. Key components involved in an electric vehicle segment and the technologies behind individual component is discussed. Details on the value chain of EV industry is also provided. Comprehensive list of key stakeholders in the EV industry and their nature of business is provided Major players in the Indian EV sector across product type, their models, specifications and unique features are provided Attractiveness of EVs for Indian Entrepreneurs Attractive business opportunities and factors enabling favorable environment for Indian entrepreneurs to enter EV segment is discussed Cost & Economics Detailed cost and economics involved in each

9 9 Type of Insights EVs Funding & Partnerships Aspirations & drivers Latest Updates from the Indian EV Industry Challenges and bottlenecks Recent market trends Over 50 Innovations in the Indian and International EV Sector Examples of over 50 startups Details component of electric vehicle and the charging infrastructure is provided Prominent funding and partnerships that have happened in the last few years in global and Indian EV industry is discussed Major drivers and other attractive schemes that favour the growth of EV is provided The latest happenings that have happened in the past one year in EV industry has been discussed Key constraints/challenges that affect the growth of EV industry is provided Latest trends in sales by large companies and their predicted business in the coming years is discussed Detailed list of innovations that are happening in global and Indian EV sector to enable the growth of EV sector is provided Indian startups who are actively working for the growth of EV industry in India is discussed Attractive niche opportunities New business opportunities that can enable entrepreneurs to enter EV segment has been dealt with here Founder profiles for over 50 successful startups Comprehensive idea of market segments Different types of business opportunities Attractive niche ideas Drivers & Challenges Batteries & Storage Profiles of founders of prominent Indian startup companies have been provided An in-depth analysis of the key EV market segments and their growth across geographies has been done Various business opportunities available for different stakeholders OEMs, entrepreneurs, investors are discussed Innovative ideas that can be worked upon by leading research institutes, R&D team of large companies and startups are provided Key drivers and challenges that affect the growth of EV and solutions to overcome challenges are provided Various types of batteries used in EV, their performance and storage capacities have been discussed

10 10 How Was the Prepared? was prepared by a team of technical research analysts at EAI, coordinated by Mr. Narasimhan Santhanam, Co-founder and Director at EAI. The team spent over 6 months in developing this expert guide. Through frequent brainstorming sessions the team was able to come up with a wide category of questions from customer perspective. Extensive secondary research and a fair amount of primary research (which involved discussions with industry experts) was carried out to arrive at authentic data which would be valuable to customers including stakeholders, entrepreneurs and investors. List of Contents 1. Background of Electric Vehicle Industry 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background Global Electric Vehicle Industry Indian Electric Vehicle Industry 2. Electric Vehicles Types & Value Chain 2.1 Types of Electric Vehicles Based on Purpose Based on Capacity Based on Number of Wheels Based on Electrification 2.2 Electric Vehicle Value Chain Battery Value Chain Non Battery Parts Raw Materials Assembly Dealer Battery Supply Chain Charging Station Value Chain Electric Car Service

11 Battery Swapping End of Life Cycle of Electric Vehicle 3. Electric Vehicles Technology & Infrastructure 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Battery Li-ion and Lead Acid Batteries Used in 2 & 3 Wheelers 3.3 Battery Management Systems (BMS) 3.4 Motor 3.5 Cooling Systems 3.6 Description of Transmission System of Electric Vehicles Working of Manual Transmission Electric Vehicle Transmission System Major Difference in External/Non-electric Part of Electric Vehicle and ICE 3.7 Components of EV Charging Infrastructure 3.8 Specifications for EVs 4. Key Stakeholders in EV Industry 4.1 Introduction and Overview of Market Supply Chain 4.2 Electric Vehicles Supply Chain Global Main Suppliers of Key Components To Tesla, Toyota Prius, Nissan Leaf World s Leading Suppliers of: a. Li ion Batteries for EVs b. Battery Management Systems c. Electric Motors d. Transmission systems for EVs Suppliers of EV Charging Infrastructure Worldwide Suppliers of the Main Components of an EV Charging Infrastructure 4.3 Electric Vehicles Supply Chain - India Supply Chain Trends & Updates Role of Key Indian Battery Makers Exide and Amara Raja for Indian EV Sector Suppliers of EV Charging Infrastructure in India Main Suppliers of Electric Motor to the Indian EV Industry

12 12 5. Major Indian Companies in Indian EV Industry 5.1 Introduction 5.2 By Vehicle Type/No. of Wheels Two Wheelers E-motorcycles and Scooters Three Wheelers Four Wheelers Mini Pick-up Trucks & Golf Carts Four Wheelers Cars By Type of Electrification Four Wheelers Heavy Vehicles E-buses & Trucks 6. Cost & Economics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Prices of Various Types of Electric Vehicles Prices of Electric Vehicles India Prices of Electric Cars Global 6.3 Costs of Electric Vehicles Reasons for the High Costs of Electric Vehicles Cost of Batteries 6.4 Costs for Setting up an EV Charging Infrastructure Costs for Normal AC Charging Stations Cost for DC Fast Charging Stations 7. Investment Opportunities in Electric Vehicles 7.1 Current and Expected Market Sizes of Electric Vehicles - India Key Drivers Propelling This Industry Key constraints that could prove to be growth bottlenecks, and how serious are these constraints Expected CAGR and Future Market Estimates India Trends in Sales of Major Indian EV OEMs and their Future Predictions Current Status of Companies investing in EV and the rationale behind the Investment 7.2 Current and Expected Market Sizes of Electric Vehicles - Global Key Market Segments & their Growth in the Next 5 Years 7.3 Indian Electric Vehicle Market Entry Recommendations

13 13 8. EV Startups Funding & Partnerships 8.1 Funding 8.2 Investments 8.3 Partnerships 8.4 Acquisitions 9. Innovations & R&D 9.1 Global Emerging Technologies and Innovations in EV Industry 9.2 Global Emerging Innovations in Battery Management Systems Disruptive Innovations and Applications Boost Battery Management Systems Market 9.3 Global Emerging Innovations in EV Batteries Sodium Ion Batteries The Future of EV 9.4 New approach to electric-car battery cooling: immerse cells in coolant 9.5 EV Research in Top Indian Colleges 9.6 Innovations by Indian Startups 10. EV Policies (India and Global) 10.1 Indian Electric Vehicle Schemes The National Electric Mobility Mission Plan Fame India Scheme 10.2 Indian EV Policies Karnataka EV Policy ( ) Maharashtra EV Policy (2018) Uttar Pradesh Electric Vehicles Manufacturing Policy Andhra Pradesh to Roll out Electric Vehicles Policy Telangana Tamil Nadu Summary 10.3 Indian Electric Car Import Duty - Imports from China 10.4 Global Policies China Norway Comparing U.S. and Chinese Electric Vehicle Policies-2018

14 Summary 11. Latest Updates in Electric Vehicle Industry Two Wheelers 11.2 Three Wheelers 11.3 Four Wheelers 11.4 Other Updates 12. Latest Product Launches in Electric Vehicle Industry 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Detailed Specifications with Product Images of EV Companies who showcased at Auto Expo, Feb Delhi/Noida 12.3 Specifications of Products Showcased by Other Companies 13. India EV Database 13.1 Overview of companies Discussed 13.2 Electric Two wheelers 13.3 Electric Three wheelers 13.4 Electric Cars 13.5 Electric Buses 13.6 Companies that Make Multiple Types of EVs 13.7 EV Components & Support Solutions 14. Conclusion Appendix 1. EV Component Suppliers for Toyota 2. Other Details from EV Industry Abbreviations

15 15 List of Tables Table 1: Differences between Hybrids and other EVs Table 2: Battery Electric vs. Fuel Cells Vehicles Table 3: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Product Launches Table 4: Battery Cell Manufacturing Process Table 5: Global & Indian Battery Recycling Companies Table 6: Technical Performance by Existing Battery Type (Indicative Value, 2017) Table 7: Motors Used by Major EV Companies Table 8: Comparison of AC and DC Motors Table 9: Specification of Hyundai - IONIQ Electric Table 10: Charging Time of Electric Car, 2017 Table 11: MWh of Batteries Produced by Leading Battery Manufacturers Table 12: E-bicycle Manufacturers Table 13: E-bike Manufacturers Table 14: E-Three-wheeler Manufacturers Table 15: E-Four-wheeler Manufacturers Table 16: Fully Electric Vehicle Manufacturers Table 17: Hybrid Vehicle Manufacturers Table 18: Electric Heavy Vehicles Manufacturers Table 19: Prices of Electric Vehicles India Table 20: Prices of Electric Cars - Global Table 21: Distribution of Price of Electric Car by Component Table 22: Cost Analysis for setting up EV Charging Infrastructure Table 23: Comparison of Different Bus Technologies Table 24: Expected Indian EV Market Size Table 25: E-bike Sales by Region Table 26: Indian EV Market Entry - Recommendations Table 27: Details on Funding for Apeiron Mobility Table 28: EV Research in Indian Colleges Table 29: Summary of Indian EV Policies Table 30: Custom Duty for EV Table 31: Duty Rate for Electrical Components Table 32: Import Duties Table 33: Comparison of U.S. & Chinese EV Policies Table 34: Summary of Global EV Policies Table 35: List of Companies Participated in Auto Expo 2018 Table 36: Specification for Twenty Two Motors - Flow Table 37: Specifications for Hero Electric - CRUZ E2 Li Table 38: Specifications for Lohia Auto Industries - OMA Star Li Table 39: Specifications for Desmoto Electrics - Electric Rickshaw

16 16 Table 40: Specifications for Scooters India Limited - Vikram EV Table 41: Specification for Shigan EV - GreenRick Super Table 42: Specifications for Hyundai - IONIQ Electric Table 43: Specifications for Toyota - Prius PHV Table 44: Specifications for Tata Motors - Star Bus EV Table 45: Specifications for Mahindra Cosmo Table 46: Specifications for Bird Ebike Segway-X2 Table 47: Specifications for i2 Table 48: Specification for Okinawa Scooter Table 49: Specification for OXFLY Electric Scooter Table 50: Specification for Tunwal E Vehicle - Storm ZX Table 51: Specification for TVS Table 52: Specification for Vespa Elettrica Table 53: Specification for Pubang Etron Electric Motor Pvt Ltd-Mini Pickup Trucks Table 54: Specification for Lohia Auto - Mini Pickup Trucks- Narain LC Table 55: Specification for Shigan EV- Mini Pickup Trucks- Green Cart Table 56: Specification for Lohia Auto - Humrahi Solar Powered E rickshaw Table 57: Specification for Mahindra-TREO- E-Rickshaw Table 58: Specification for Goldstone BYD Table 59: Specification for JBM Table 60: Specification for Tata Motor- Iris EV Table 61: Specification for Tata Motor- Magic EV Table 62: Specification for Kia-Soul EV Table 63: Specification for Tata TIGOR EV Table 64: Key Components Suppliers for Toyota Prius Table 65: Global Electric Bus Makers Table 66: Specification of TVS Creon Table 67: Honda Mobile Power Pack Table 68: PCX Electric Table 69: Specification of YO Electron Table 70: Specification of YO Edge Table 71: Specification of YO Explor Table 72: Specification of YO style Table 73: Specification of YO Exl Table 74: Specification of YO Spark Table 75: Specification of Storm ZX Table 76: Specification of Mini Sport 63 Table 77: Specification of Mini SPort 63 Table 78: Specification of Super Sport 63 Table 79: Specification of Storm Advance Dual Seater Table 80: Specification of Elektrika 48 Table 81: Specification of Elektrika 48 Table 82: Specification of Lithino -Li

17 17 Table 83: Specification of Storm Advance Single Seater Table 84: Specification of Renegade Thor Table 85: Specification of S340 Table 86: Specification of Flow Table 87: Specification of Ridge Table 88: Specification of Praise Table 89: Specification of Menza Lucat - Range Table 90: Specification of Menza Lucat - Dimensions Table 91: Specification of Menza Lucat - Charger Table 92: Specification of Menza Lucat- Suspension Table 93: Specification of Menza Lucat -Tires & wheels Table 94: Specification of Menza Lucat- Brakes Table 95: Specification of Menza Lucat- Battery Table 96: Specification of Menza Lucat- Motor Table 97: Specification of Menza Lucat - Power train Table 98: Specification of Hulikkal Avatar E Bike Table 99: Specification of Hulikkal Medley Table 100: Specification of Hulikkal Nile Table 101: Specification of Hulikkal Sylph Table 102: Specification of Hulikkal Rambler Table 103: Specification of Hulikkal Uneek Table 104: Specification of Tork T6X Table 105: Specification of Milltex Spero Table 106: Summary of Companies Listed & Highlights Table 107: Specification of Vikram EV Table 108: Specification of Prince E- Rickshaw Table 109: Specification of Smart E-cart Table 110: Specification of Queen E- Rickshaw Table 111: Specification of King Table 112: Key Components Suppliers for Toyota Prius Table 113: Global Electric Bus Makers List of Figures Figure 1: Block Diagram of Electric Car Figure 2: Battery Electric Vehicle Figure 3: Plug-in and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Figure 4: Synchronization of Parallel and Series Hybrid Vehicle Architecture Figure 5: Start-stop Mechanism of Micro Hybrid Vehicles using Super Capacitor Figure 6: Electric Vehicle Value Chain Figure 7: Li-ion Battery Value Chain Figure 8: Cell Production Process

18 18 Figure 9: Battery Pack Process Figure 10: Expected Global Market Share of Lithium Ion Battery Makers in 2018 Figure 11: EV Charging Station Value Chain Figure 12: Charging Station Figure 13: Flowchart for Installing Charging Stations Figure 14: Life Cycle of Electric Vehicle Figure 15: Waste Management Figure 16: Recycling of Electric Vehicle Figure 17: Recycling of Batteries Figure 18: Battery Working Mechanism Figure 19: Li-ion Battery Figure 20: Comparative Evaluation of Different EV Market Cost, 2017 Figure 21: Li-ion Battery for Two Wheelers Figure 22: Lead Acid Battery Figure 23: Battery Management System Figure 24: Components of Battery Management Systems Figure 25: DC Brushed Motor Figure 26: Brushless DC Motor Figure 27: Synchronous Motor Figure 28: Parts of an Electric Motor Figure 29: Continuously Variable Transmission Figure 30: Simple Transmission System Figure 31: Shifting into First Gear Figure 32: Rear Transmission Figure 33: Gear Synchronizers Figure 34: Parts of an Electric Vehicle Transmission System Figure 35: EVSE Components Figure 36: Typical EVSE Equipment Figure 37: Front Suspension in an EV Figure 38: Market Supply Chain Figure 39: MWh of EV Li-ion Batteries Produced Figure 40: EV Motors Co. - Products and Services Figure 41: Graph Showing E-bicycles Distribution by Price Figure 42: Graph Showing Battery Options Figure 43: E-bicycles & Their Charging Times Figure 44: Price Distribution of E-scooters & E-bikes Figure 45: E-scooters & E-bikes - Autonomy Figure 46: E-scooter/Bikes Battery Types Figure 47: E-scooters & E- bikes Performance by Max. Speed Figure 48: BCE & ICE Pre-tax Prices in U.S. Figure 49: Lithium Ion Cost Comparison Figure 50: Price Comparison of ICE and EV

19 19 Figure 51: Cost of Parking Garage Installation Figure 52: Cost of Curbside Installation Figure 53: Cost of Curbside DC Fast Charger Installation Figure 54: Indian EV Market Size by Vehicle Type Figure 55: History & Market Growth of EV Two Wheelers Figure 56: Growth of EV Two-wheelers Vs. Four Wheelers in India Figure 57: Trends of E-rickshaws in India Figure 58 : Global Electric Car stock Figure 59: Worldwide Sales of electric bicycles Figure 60: Annual E-bike Sales Figure 61: E-bikes Revenue Figure 62 : Annual Electric Motorcycle and Scooter Sales Figure 63 : Electric Car Sales and Revenue Figure 64 : Global Sales of Electric Vehicles and Plug-in Hybrids Figure 65: BEV Incentives & Uptake in Norway Figure 66: Twenty Two Motors Flow Model & Colours Figure 67: Hero Electric - CRUZ E2 Li Figure 68: Lohia Auto Industries - OMA Star Li Figure 69: Desmoto Electrics - Electric Rickshaw Figure 70: Scooters India Limited - Vikram EV Figure 71: Shigan EV - GreenRick Super Figure 72: Hyundai - IONIQ Electric Figure 73: Toyota - Prius PHV Figure 74: Tata Motors - Star Bus EV Figure 75: Mahindra Cosmo To Purchase the, Send an to narsi@eai.in, with the subject: Purchase Or Contact Ravi for further information - Call Or You can directly purchase the guide using credit card/debit card - Buy Now

20 20 About EAI Energy Alternatives India (EAI) was formed to provide Consulting, Research, Promotion and Marketing support to the fast growing Renewable Energy and Cleantech industry in India. Started by a team of professionals from IITs and IIMs having prior experience in the alternative energy industry, we are at the forefront of industry research, management consultancy, and business promotion in India with a focus on the renewable energy sector. Consulting Services EAI provides consultancy for all the major renewable energy sectors with a major focus on Solar (PV and thermal), Wind, Bio-energy, and Energy Efficiency. We work for industrial and commercial companies, public and private utilities, governments, investors, developers, banks, financial institutions, private equity companies, venture capitalists and private entrepreneurs. Our services include (but are not restricted to) the following: Developer/IPP Assistance Clarity on regulations, state-wise opportunities, identifying offtakers and due diligence of vendors Assisting Industrial Consumers Go Green Techno-commercial feasibility, RFPs, RFQs, vendor selection, and clarity on regulations Diversification into/within Renewable Energy Market potential, financial feasibility, competitor analysis, evaluation of policies, and identifying success drivers, sales strategies, and marketing partners Market Entry for International Renewable Energy Firms Understanding of the Indian market, market potential, competitor analysis, developing and implementing marketing and sales strategies, identifying joint venture partners, and recruitment of key personnel Research and Publications The Reports division of EAI publishes acclaimed research and industry reports for many sectors of renewable energy and cleantech. These include mainstream topics like Substitution of Diesel with Solar as well as niche domains such as Algae Fuels. The complete list of our reports can be found here. About 20 of the Fortune 100 companies have used our research. Some of these companies include Shell, Bosch, LaFarge, Exxon Mobil. The web resource Energy Alternatives India ( is the leading online information support provider for the Indian renewable energy and cleantech community. The EAI team is based out of Chennai, India.

21 21 EVREX EV Summit - The Electric Vehicle Conference JAN 2018 EAI co-hosted one of India's largest Electric Vehicles Conference and Workshop - EVREX EV Summit at HITEX Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad on Jan 6 & 7, Leading Indian and global companies that are pioneering in the EV world marked their presence at the EV Summit Over 200 Entrepreneurs and established companies from diverse industries with keen interest in the massive $300 Bn EV Opportunities were present at the Summit. Over 35 Experts in the Electric Vehicles segment from technology companies, academic institutions and researchers were the key speakers at EVREX. EAI and its EV Experts team are well connected with the global and Indian companies and Experts that are working extensively on the Electric Vehicles segment.

22 22 INDIA EV Summit - The Electric Vehicle Conference AUG 2018 EAI hosted India's largest Electric Vehicles Conference The INDIA EV Summit 2018 at Hotel Le Royal Méridien, Chennai on Aug 17 & 18, Leading Indian and global companies that are pioneering in the EV world also attended the EV Summit Top Indian and International Companies from the EV world shared their presence at the Summit. The Summit had over 30 speakers from India and abroad presenting their expertise and sharing their thoughts on the field. We had over 300 delegates from various sectors, including top members from SMEV, EV Manufacturers, Industry experts, OEMs, Business Development Professionals, Entrepreneurs, Scientists & Researchers from top R&D, Academicians attending the event.

23 23 Our Partial List of Clients