Steve Hsu, September Alternative Fuels & Vehicles Technology and Trend

Transcription

1 Steve Hsu, September Alternative Fuels & Vehicles Technology and Trend 1

2 Agenda Introduction Hydrogen / Fuel Cell Vehicles Overview Electricity Vehicles Overview Wireless Charging System for Vehicles Natural Gas Vehicles Overview Summary 2

3 Introduction Source: Study Group on Next Generation Vehicle Batteries,

4 Hydrogen / Fuel Cell Vehicles Schematics Source: The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) 4

5 Comparison of Fuel Cell Technologies Source: The_Fuel_Cell_Today_Industry_Review_2011 5

6 Fuel Cell Vehicles Standardization Activities Source: Introduction of Current Status of Standardization for Fuel Cell Vehicles in Japan, Hajime Fukumoto, JARI 6

7 ABB Group September 16, 2013 Slide 7

8 Electricity Vehicles Schematics Battery EV Plug in Hybrids Hybrids Source: The Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) 8

9 HEVs, PHEVs and EVs by major automobile makers Source: Company data, Various media reports 9

10 HEVs, PHEVs and EVs by major automobile makers Source: Company data, Various media reports 10

11 Alliances relationships for automobile use batteries Note: Black lines denote battery supply relationships, dotted lines denote capital relationships. Source: Company data 11

12 Comparison of major EV and PHEV models Note: Japanese makers use JC08 standard and US makers us EPA standard for fuel efficiency. Source: Company data, SAE International 12

13 New Era of emobility Converging Technologies: Electrified Automobile Electric Smart Grid Connected/Autonomous Vehicle Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) Vehicle to Devices Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) Source: SAE Electric Vehicle Safety Technical Symposium May 18,

14 Electricity DC Charging Systems 3 DC charging systems in the IEC DC charging catalog standards IEC Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for pin and contact tube couplers with rated operating voltage up to V d.c. and rated current up to 400 A, and rated operating voltage up to 690 V a.c. and rated current up to 250 A, for combined a.c./d.c.charging IEC Electric vehicles conductive changing system Part 23: D.C. Electric vehicle charging station IEC Electric vehicles conductive charging system Part 24: Control communication protocol between off board d.c. charger and electric vehicle 14 Source: IEC

15 DC Charging Standardization Network 15

16 Electricity DC Charging Systems Overview of the high power d.c. interface (source: IEC ) 16

17 Electricity DC Charging System B (GB/T) VEHICLE CONNECTOR & INLET RATED UP TO 250 A, 750 V D.C. (source: IEC ) VEHICLE CONNECTOR VEHICLE INLET Note: Contacts shall be made of gold, siliver, copper, an alloy of these metals or equivalent material 17 to avoid temperature rise issue

18 Electricity DC Charging Systems Sequence diagram of d.c. charging control communication for system B (source: IEC ) 18

19 USA & EU on Electric Vehicle and Smart Grid Coordination (July 19, 2013) Source: ANL 1. Establishing requirements and test procedures to assess EV electric vehicle supply equipment compatibility; 2. Developing and verifying connectivity technologies, communication protocols and standards 3. Identifying gaps where new standards or technologies are needed for solutions 19 using proof of concept hardware/software systems.

20 Wireless Charging System for Vehicles Schematics Source: SAE 20

21 Wireless Charging System Standardization (1) UL is developing UL 2750 to cover safety aspects of wireless charging in parallel with the development of SAE J2954. IEC/TC 69 has undertaken work on PT , Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer Systems, in cooperation with SAE and JARI. IEC Ed. 1.0 Electric equipment for the supply of energy to electric road vehicles using an inductive coupling Part 1: General requirements IEC Ed. 1.0 Electric equipment for the supply of energy to electric road vehicles using an inductive coupling Part 2: Manual connection system using a paddle IEC Ed. 1.0 Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems Part 3 specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems. SAE International is currently in the process of developing a design standard, SAE J2954, Wireless Charging of Electric and Plug in Hybrid Vehicles. The standard will cover all equipment aspects of stationary charging, from grid to vehicle charging with a key focus on interoperability between the primary (charging mat) and secondary (pick up located on vehicle) when the two aforementioned components are manufactured by two different suppliers. The SAE taskforce is reviewing the state of the art of wireless charging (e.g., inductive, magnetic resonance) and compiling an interoperability study. An initial release of the document, which will be initially published as a guideline, is due out in The document will be a working document, as further research for this technology is currently underway, and it will become a standard for publication in

22 SAE J2954 Wireless Charging System Functional Elements Source: SAE Slide 22

23 Wireless Charging System Standardization (2) The IEEE Standards Association has initiated pre standardization activity related to electric vehicle wireless power transfer (EVWPT) focused on dynamic wireless charging in light of the range limitations of EVs and the costs of vehicle energy storage. This is intended to complement SAE J2954 which is centered on stationary charging. The IEEE will: Develop a peer reviewed technology strategy guideline and technology roadmap for the development of EVWPT infrastructure solutions (with respect to different use cases and covering both stationary and dynamic wireless charging) and a focus on future standardization needs; Develop a white paper for dynamic wireless charging which can be utilized as input for future joint IEEE/SAE standardization activities (considering both vehicle integration and infrastructure integration aspects). Source: IEEE, KAIST OLEV 23

24 Wireless Charging System Standardization (3) DKE GAK WPT in Germany GAK : Wireless charging of electric vehicles Scope: Fundamental Requirements for Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging Participants: OEM and Inductive Charging Producers Source: DKE 24

25 Wireless Charging System Standardization (4) Broadband Wireless Forum and WPT WG in Japan Source: WPT Sub Groups (August 2012) 25

26 Wireless Charging System Standardization Areas and Constraints Interoperability Requirements Operating Frequency range Magnetic interoperability Vehicle to Charger communications Pad Positioning on Vehicle and Ground Availability of vehicle and base alignment mechanism Performance Power Levels Efficiency Levels Air gap and misalignment tolerance Constraints and Compliance Requirements EMC regulations Radiated emissions requirements Foreign object detection Source: SAE 26

27 Wireless Charging System Alignment and Positioning(sample) Different coil position in the survey possible depending on values of c and e Source: SAE Different coil position in the survey possible depending on values of d and e 27

28 Natural Gas CNG/LNG Vehicles Schematics (A) flows into high pressure cylinders (B) When the engine requires natural gas, the gas leaves the cylinders and passes through the master manual shutoff valve (C) The gas travels through the high pressure fuel line (D) and enters the engine compartment. Gas enters the regulator (E) which reduces the gas pressure used for storage (up to 3,600 psi) to the required vehicle fuel injection system pressure. The natural gas solenoid valve (F) allows natural gas to pass from the regulator into the gas mixer or fuel injectors. The solenoid valve shuts off the natural gas when the engine is not running. Natural gas mixed with air flows down through the carburetor or fuelinjection system (G) and enters the engine combustion chambers where it is burned to produce power, just like gasoline. Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) ISO/PC 252 Project committee: Natural gas fuelling stations for vehicles Scope: Design, construction and operation of stations for fuelling CNG/LNG to vehicles; including equipment, safety devices and maintenance. 28

29 Natural Gas CNG Fueling Infrastructure Development Fast Fill CNG Station ISO ~19 Define Compressed natural gas (CNG) fuel system components Time Fill CNG Station Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC), makers 29

30 Natural Gas LNG Fueling Infrastructure Development LNG Station ISO/TC67/SC0/WG10 LNG (liquefied natural gas) installations and equipment Scope: Standardization for installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas, excluding product or testing LNG dispensers deliver fuel to vehicles at pressures of 75 to 120 PSI. Because LNG is stored and dispensed as a super cooled, liquefied gas, protective clothing and gloves are required when fueling a vehicle. Source: Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) Source: 30

31 China Natural Gas LNG Refueling Infrastructure LNG stations According to the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), there were 1.48m natural gas vehicles (about 1.6% of total vehicles) operating in China by the end of Of this, LNG vehicles were slightly more than 70,000. Source: 中国 LNG 汽车网 31

32 Summary 1. The Information Source for Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Setup a Alternative Fuels organization to provide information, data, and tools to help fleets and other transportation decision makers find ways to reduce petroleum consumption through the use of alternative and renewable fuels, advanced vehicles, and other fuel saving measures. 2. To initiate H2CHINA Fuel Cell Technologies a new public private partnership focused on advancing hydrogen infrastructure to support more transportation energy options for China market. 32

33 Contact information Steve Hsu Business Development Manager, ABB M: E: Slide 33

34 thanks Slide 34