Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Charge

Transcription

1 Charge 1

2 Charge 2

3 Charge Trickle Current Charge (Overnight Charge) Constant Current Charge Constant-Current Constant-Voltage Charge Multi-Segment Current Charge Variable Current Charge Fuzzy Controlled Charger Grey-Predicted battery charger Phase-Locked Battery Charger Resistance-Compensated PLL-Based Battery Charger Frequency-varied Battery Pulse Charger Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charger PLL Battery Pulse Charger Reflex with the Energy Recovery Function 3

4 Constant-Current and Constant-Voltage Charge 4

5 Constant-Current and Constant- Voltage Charge Advantages Really reduce charge time at constant current charge state Really avoid overcharge at constant voltage Safe & fast Imperfections 100% full charged is difficult to be obtained in short/middle time 5

6 Multi-Segment Current Charge Advantages Really reduce charge time fast Imperfections Complex How to determine suitable charge currents for different SOCs 6

7 Multi-Segment Current Charge 7

8 Variable Current Charge Advantages Really reduce charge time fast Imperfections Complex How to determine suitable charge currents for different SOCs 8

9 Grey-Predicted battery charger I μp EM78447B ( t) = f ( v ( t), v ( t T )) c o o + Timer Controllable Current Source DAC (DAC0800) T Variable Current Generator v o (t+t) v o (t-3t) v o (t-2t) v o (t-t) v o (t) ADC (ADC0804) v o (t) I c (t) Demultiplaxer GM(1,1) Model Look Up Table (EPROM) Battery 9

10 PLL-based Battery Charger X i Phase/ Frequency Comparator X e LPF V P VCO X o 10

11 PLL-based Battery Charger Low Pass Filter fi Phase Comparator pe Current Pump Ic Lithium-ion Battery Difference Amplifier f o VCO V o 11

12 START Yes Frequency Locked No Bulk Current Charge Process Frequency-Tracking State Phase-Tracking State Variable Current Charge Process Phase Locked No Yes Phase-Locked State Float Charge 12

13 PLL-based Battery Charger 10V Ic Li-ion Battery Input Frequency Comparator IN 14 P/F Comparator 3 Comparator Out 13 10K R f V pe Current Pump 10V 11 3 Ucc Qcc 33u C f 4 IRF520 10K R cc R da4 VCO OUT 4 VCO 9 V o 7 10K 11 Uda K 10K R da2 R da1 - V b + 10K R da3 Difference Amplifier 13

14 PLL-based Battery Charger 14

15 PLL-based Battery Charger 15

16 Resistance-Compensated PLL-Based Battery Charger A Li-ion Battery Pack System includes 1. Li-ion Cell(s) 2. Thermistor 3. Charge-Protection Circuits (PCB, FET, Fuse, ) 4. Optional Capacity Monitor 16

17 Resistance-Compensated PLL-Based Battery Charger 17

18 Resistance-Compensated PLL-Based Battery Charger 18

19 Resistance-Compensated PLL-Based Battery Charger

20 Resistance-Compensated PLL-Based Battery Charger The charging times for the proposed RC-PLBC and the typical PLBC are 123 and 150 min, respectively. The charging speed of the proposed RC-PLBC has been improved by 18% comparing with that of the typical PLBC. The Li-ion cell voltage Vbo of the proposed RC-PLBC is always less than 8.4V until battery is fully charged. There is some extra voltage in the charging path of the Li-ion battery pack, and in reality the Li-ion cell is not overcharged in the proposed RC-PLBC. 20

21 Pulse Charge 21

22 Pulse Charge 震動機構 22

23 Pulse Charge Advantages Electrochemical characteristics are considered Really reduce charge time Imperfections Complex What is the optimal pulse width for Charging 23

24 Frequency-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System 24

25 Frequency-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System 25

26 Frequency-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System V ib 26

27 Frequency-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System 27

28 Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System 28

29 Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System η = i b D 29

30 Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System 30

31 Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System 31

32 Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System η = i b D η =0.472 η =0.472 η =0.471 η =0.465 η =0.458 η =0.461 η =0.456 η =0.456 η =0.436 η=0.476 D optimal 32

33 Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System D optimal η = D = η = η = η = D = D = D = D = 33

34 Duty-Varied Battery Pulse Charge System Charge Strategy DVVPCS DFVPCS with D=50% CC-CV Input Charge Capacity 590 mah 599 mah 611 mah 34

35 PLL Pulse Charger 35

36 PLL Pulse Charger 36

37 PLL Pulse Charger 37

38 PLL Pulse Charger 38

39 39

40 PLL Pulse Charger P i P o,1min I c,1min Ch1 Freq 29.99HZ Ch2 Freq 21.64HZ P o,20min I c,20min Ch2 Freq 29.74HZ Voltage (V) Time (min) P o,30min I c,30min P o,40min I c,40min P o,60min I c,60min P o,100min Ch2 Freq 29.99HZ Ch2 Freq 29.99HZ Ch2 Freq 29.99HZ Ch2 Freq 29.99HZ 0.60 I c,100min 0.50 P o,150min Ch2 Freq 29.99HZ Current (A) I c,150min P o,200min Ch2 Freq 29.99HZ 0.10 I c,200min 0.00 (b) Time (min) P o,210min I c,210min Ch2 Freq 29.99HZ 40

41 PLL Pulse Charger Frequency-tracking state Phase-tracking state Phase-locked state Charging capacity Discharging capacity (Available capacity) Charging efficiency CPBC Bulk current charging Pulsed current charging Pulsed float charging 678mAh 645mAh 95.1% PLBC Bulk current charging Variable current charging Float charging 644mAh 603mAh 93.6% 41

42 Pulse Charge with a Discharge Period (Reflex) V/I t 42

43 Pulse Charge with a Discharge Period (Reflex) Advantages Electrochemical characteristics are considered Ion diffuse and distribute more evenly Really reduce charge time Increase life cycle Imperfections Complex What is the optimal pulse width for Charging What is the optimal discharge pulse width 43

44 Pulse Charge with a Discharge Period (Reflex) Lead-Acid Battery, CC, Positive pole Reflex, Positive pole 44

45 Pulse Charge with a Discharge Period (Reflex) CC, negative pole Reflex, negative pole 45

46 Reflex with Energy Recovery V gs1 V gs2 V gs1 S 1 D 1 L P V LP Vbus V batt V bus C bus V Lp I Lp I b V batt V gs2 S 2 D 2 C o V batt I batt ( ) I LP ΔI LP 1 I * pp ΔI L P 2 * I np * I batt I * pp * I np t0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t4 t 5 t 6 t7 46

47 Reflex with Energy Recovery PPP NPP RP V gs1 + V bus - C bus + V gs1 - + V gs2 - S 1 S 2 D 1 D 2 L P + - V Lp I Lp C o I batt + V batt - V gs2 V L P Vbus V batt V batt I batt ( ) I LP ΔI L P1 I * pp + V bus - C bus + V gs1 - + V gs2 - S 1 S 2 D 1 D 2 L P + - V Lp I Lp C o I batt + V batt - * I batt I * pp ΔI L P 2 * I np * I np t0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t4 t 5 t 6 t 7 47

48 Reflex with Energy Recovery PPP NPP RP V gs1 + V bus - C bus + V gs1 - + V gs2 - S 1 S 2 D 1 D 2 L P + - V Lp I Lp C o I batt + V batt - V gs2 V L P Vbus V batt V batt I batt ( ) I LP ΔI L P1 I * pp + V bus - C bus + V gs1 - + V gs2 - S 1 S 2 D 1 D 2 L P + - V Lp I Lp C o I batt + V batt - * I batt I * pp ΔI L P 2 * I np * I np t0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t4 t 5 t 6 t 7 48

49 Reflex with Energy Recovery PPP NPP RP V gs1 V gs2 + V bus - C bus + V gs1 - + V gs2 - S 1 S 2 D 1 D 2 L P + - V Lp I Lp C o I batt + V batt - V L P I batt ( ) I LP ΔI L P1 I * pp Vbus V batt V batt ΔI L P 2 * I np * I batt I * pp * I np t0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t4 t 5 t 6 t 7 49

50 Reflex with Energy Recovery 50

51 Reflex with Energy Recovery Parameters Time of PPP Time of NPP Time of RP Maximum Maximum * I pp Values 0.4s 0.02s 0.06s 25A * Inp -20A 51

52 Reflex with Energy Recovery Current(A) Proposed RBC Typical BC ΔTemperature( ) Proposed RBC Typical BC Time(hour) Time(hour) 52

53 Reflex with Energy Recovery Capacity(AH) Proposed RBC Typical BC Time(hour) 53

54 Reflex with Energy Recovery The proposed Reflex charging technique can improve the charging efficiency about 10%, the charging speed about 8.8%, and the thermal deterioration effect about 5.5%. 54

55 Reflex with Energy Recovery Capacity(AH) Time(hour) RBC with recovery energy RBC without recovery energy About 1.0 AH energy is recovered by the energy recovery function. 55