Konferenz Energieversorgung und Klimawandel

Transcription

1 Konferenz Energieversorgung und Klimawandel Stefan Franko, Content New rid Codes for Sources Why new rid Codes? Solution for variable speed systems Solution for fixed speed systems Questions and answers Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 2

2 Converteam Converteam is an engineering company providing customized solutions and systems converting electrical energy into productive performance Marine Power Electronics Power eneration Power Distribution Converteam Oil & as Energy Industry Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 3 Converteam These solutions are made of systems built around three core components: Motors & generators Variable speed drives Process automation & control Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 4

3 Experience Experience with industrial drives under rough conditions for decades, e.g. steel mills, offshore platforms Experience with converters of all kind and sizes up to 1 MW Experience with grid stabilisation and the control of power plants for decades, e.g. Power System Stabiliser (PSS) More than 4 converters for doubly and fully fed generators for wind turbines in operation Present in several committees, e.g. FW, VDN Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 5 Why rid Codes? The Huge growth of wind power in the last years, further increase is expected Wind turbines have a significant impact on the grid that cannot be neglected anymore Wind turbines have to be included into the stability analysis of the grid Mains operators demand new requirements Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 6

4 Example: e.on rid Code for the high voltage grid (1.4.26), to be observed at the grid connection point Frequency range: 47,5 Hz - 51,5 Hz Voltage tolerance: +1% / -2% Operation with 8 % grid voltage Power factor:.95 ind cap. Voltage buffering by reactive current (Iq = IN) in dedicated time Ride trough capability Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 7 European & North American rid Codes Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 8

5 Simulations u grid / u N i grid / i N P / P N Q / P N 2-2 M / M N t [s] Voltage dip down to 2 % UN Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 9 Solution for ProWind 1 Frequency Point 2 Voltage 3 Reactive power Solved by new system management and software adaptations! Point 4 Voltage dip Solved by Hardware adaptations! Optional, retrofit possible! Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 1

6 1 kv S k = 25 MVA rid Fault testing using a thyristor bridge 3 S N (69 V) = 1,53 MVA u k = 6% 59 H 69 V L1 S1 12 H 15%: 32 H 3%: 77 H 5%: 179 H L2 3 Prüfstand 1 1,55 MW 69 V, 5 Hz n syn = 15 min min -1 1,5 MW 4 kv, 6 Hz 18 min -1 ASM S2 3 Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 11 Special test-bench for FRT applications, incl. testfield WT generator Red: DC-link voltage 8% dynamic voltage dip of 4ms dip and simultaneous capacitive current generation of 125A Orange: capacitive PCS current during Voltage dip reen: line voltage without filter capacitor Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 12

7 Key problem fixed speed Turbines rid operators expect squirrel cage generator to behave like conventional synchronous generator: No switch-off during voltage dips Capacity power supporting during voltage dips Disadvantage of conventional compensation systems Capacitors or conventional dynamic compensation (SVC, with TCR, thyristor controlled reactor) delivers with dipping voltage and correspondingly reduced current Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 13 Key task Reactive current (overexc.) supporting grid Reactice current (IB /IN) [%] Contrary to conventional capacitor can the selfcommuted converter follow the desired value Voltage dip [%] Requirement Conv. capacitor Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 14

8 Technical solution for fixed speed application Self-commuted converter in PWM-inverter technology Response like a synchronous machine for grid support Electronic Synchronous machine (phase-shifter) 4-Quadrant inverter PCS: Power Conditioning System Advantage of PCS in PWM-inverter technology in spite of voltage dips constant reactive current output grid support during voltage dips with PCS nominal current ideal for WT of type constant speed/stall control for new individual WT, for new clusters, for new wind-parks for existing WT / cluster / wind-parks (upgrading) Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 15 PCS (Power Conditioning System) 12 kvar unit - Converteam ProWind Capacitive mode: PWM-inverter voltage phase to phase vs. time frequency Rsc = 39,683 ukd =,17765 Ud / ÛL = 1,22 UNPR / Ud = pulse frequency = 6 x line,978 I / IDN =,9524 phi L = 27 1,2 1 PWM-inverter voltage vs. time,8,6 UPWM(U-V) / Ud,4 PWM-inverter voltage (average value), ,2 x [deg] -,4 -,6 -,8-1 -1,2 Capacitive mode: line-to-neutral voltage and current vs. time at point of coupling pulse frequency = 6 x line frequency Rsc = 39,683 ukd =,17765 Ud / ÛL = 1,22 UNPR / Ud =,978 I / IDN =,9524 phi L = 27 1,25 1,75 current voltage,5,25 i/ ÎDN; u / Ud x [deg] -,25 -,5 -, ,25 Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 16

9 PCS - Flexibility by modularity - Economic viable clustering MV power system (e.g. 2-kV) WT-1 HV grid (e.g. 11-kV) WT-2 WT-n PCS for cluster-1" PCS -rouping WT-1 WT-2 WT-n PCS for cluster-n" PCS -rouping Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 17 WT Fixed Speed has inductive, load dependent reactive power demand, however Cos in wide range inductive/capacitive controllable Medium voltage (e.g. 2 kv) controllable (U (P+jQ) / Sk) Reactive power input/output to grid controllable Using Power Conditioning System, the objectives can be met Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 18

10 First application: PCS cluster 8x 12 kvar units - Converteam ProWind Windfarm, New Zealand, September 24 Fixed Speed / Stall controlled WT Platzhalter für den Dateinamen 19 THANK YOU Public CONVERTEAM 26 "The information provided on this document is for your own personal use only. Reproduction, sale, distribution, issuance or publication of the data or works contained in this document which are protected by copyright or trademarks are prohibited.