APPLICATION OF STATCOM FOR STABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF FSIG BASED GRID CONNECTED WIND FARM
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1 APPLICATION OF STATCOM FOR STABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF FSIG BASED GRID CONNECTED WIND FARM 1 Rohit Kumar Sahu*, 2 Ashutosh Mishra 1 M.Tech Student, Department of E.E.E, RSR-RCET, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, INDIA, 2 Assistant Professor, Department of E.E.E, RSR-RCET, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, INDIA Corresponding Authors Address: Mr. Rohit Kumar Sahu M. Tech Student Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department RSR-RCET, Bhilai, C.G., Pin ABSTRACT Wind Farms are one of the viable solutions for delivering clean energy in near future. There are so many difficulties in ensuring good quality power into the grid, as demanded by the more and more stringent grid codes. These problems could be solved by using Flexible Alternate Current Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices in the system and particularly the Static synchronous condenser (STATCOM) which uses the principle of reactive power control (injection or absorption). One of the main causes of disconnection of wind network is the variation of voltage (drop voltage or over voltage) at the bus bar connection. The use of STATCOM, allows regulating the voltage and maintaining the grid connection with wind even under certain severe conditions of disturbance such as faults. In this paper, we propose a study of the importance of STATCOM when it installed in a wind farm and the effect of injecting reactive power by STATCOM under various conditions in order to maintain the voltage at the nominal value. The Simulation model for wind farm based on FSIG, equipped with STATCOM has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. KEYWORDS: Fixed Speed Induction Generator (FSIG), Power System Stability, STATCOM INTRODUCTION The increasing demand for electric power combined with depleting natural resources has led to the substantial improvements in the usage of renewable energy systems such as wind power and solar power especially among the developing countries. Nowadays wind power is widely used as non-pollutant energy and promising renewable energy resources in the world for electrical power generation. Grid connected wind electricity generation is showing the highest rate of growth of any form of electricity generation. Fixed speed induction Generator (FSIG) is mostly used for getting electrical power from wind turbines. One of the major issues concerning fixed speed induction generator interconnected to the power grid is voltage instability problem. It occurs in a power system when the reactive power demand by FSIG during grid faults and heavy loading conditions is not met by the IJSRE- May, Vol(1), Issue(5) 1
2 capacitor banks installed near to the FISG.When the FSIG is tripped from the grid, the situation will still become worse resulting in a very low voltage in the grid. Hence power system operators need the wind turbines not to get disconnected from the grid during grid faults. Voltage source static VAR compensator such as STATCOM can be used with directly connected asynchronous wind generators. The proposed methodology uses the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) to improve stability of wind farm that is connected to a grid and load. The wind farm model based on FSIG, equipped with STATCOM, Connected to a power system network has been developed by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The impacts of STATCOM on power system during and after the occurrence of the fault are investigated. Finally, as a conclusion, the performance of STATCOM during disturbances has been explained with simulation test results. STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR (STATCOM) The STATCOM can provide dynamic reactive power compensation to provide voltage stability during and after fault. This prevents from acceleration of rotor by enhancing the electric torque generated by the FSIG, and finally improves the system stability. The operation of the STATCOM is based on voltage source convertor technology or current source convertor technology. STATCOM can control capacitive or inductive current independent of bus voltage. The voltage source convertor (VSC) and coupling transformer are two main sections in STATCOM as shown in Figure 1. Voltage source converter generates synchronous voltage of fundamental frequency and controllable magnitude and pitch angle. The STATCOM can be operated in following two different modes: (i) Inductive mode (ii) Capacitive mode In Capacitive mode, the voltage of convertor is upon the transmission line and the STATCOM is considered as a capacitive reactance and current direction is from STATCOM towards the system. In inductive mode, the system voltage is upon the convertor voltage and the STATCOM is considered as inductive reactance and current direction is towards STATCOM from the system. Figure-1 A functional model of a STATCOM. IJSRE- May, Vol(1), Issue(5) 2
3 STUDIED SYSTEM AND ITS SIMULATION MODEL The investigated power system network is modeled and simulated in MATLAB / SIMULINK toolbox, to study the steady state behavior with STATCOM. The system consists of a 220KV, 50Hz sub transmission system with short circuit level of 2500 MVA, feeding a 33 KV distribution system through 220 kv/33kv step down transformer. The test system is consisting of a wind farm of 12MW and wind farm having three unequal capacity (3 MW, 4 MW & 5 MW) wind turbine induction generator (WTIGs). The generators are fixed speed squirrel cage induction generators that are equipped with pitch angle control. The wind farms are connected to the 33KV distribution system, exports power to 220KV grid through a transmission line of length 50km and one loads is connected to the network. Fixed capacitor banks are connected at low voltage bus of each wind turbine (400 KVAR for each turbine) which supplies the constant no load demand. A 3 MVAR STATCOM is connected at the main bus B33. The bus B33 is the main bus of the wind farm which connects the wind farm with the grid, so in this paper this bus is taken as the monitoring point of the whole studied wind farm. The monitoring equipments (measurement equipments) are placed at the main bus B33 for monitoring: the total exported (generated) active power from the wind farm to the grid, the total absorbed reactive power from the grid and the terminal voltage at the main bus of the wind farm. The system equipped by STATCOM is shown in Figure 2. Figure-2 Simulink model of power system equipped with STATCOM SIMULATION RESULTS The test system is studied at steady state condition and fault state conditions. At the fault state, the voltage, active power and reactive power are monitored at the main bus B33. The studied wind farm operates at the nominal wind speed of 11 m/s, so the wind turbines operate at nominal values. During fault period, it can be assumed that the wind speed does not change. All faults are created near grid at t=3.5 sec. and the fault is cleared at 3.7 sec. The effect of a 3 MVAR STATCOM on the behavior of the wind farm are studied for all cases. IJSRE- May, Vol(1), Issue(5) 3
4 Figure-3 shows the variation of wind farm terminal voltage, generated active power, and absorbed reactive power under no fault condition without STATCOM compensation. During this period, the voltage of the main bus B33 is decreased to pu. Also, the total exported active power at bus B33 decreases to MW.The total absorbed reactive power from the grid is increased to MVAR due to insufficient reactive power compensation. As shown in Fig. 3, it is clear that the wind power plant has the ability to stay connected under this condition without STATCOM connection. Figure 3: Variations of the voltage, active power, and total absorbed reactive power during steady state condition (no fault case) without STATCOM. Figure 4: Variations of the voltage, active power, and total absorbed reactive power during steady state condition (no fault case) with STATCOM. Figure-4 shows the variation of wind farm terminal voltage, generated active power, and absorbed reactive power under no fault condition with STATCOM compensation. During this period, the voltage of the main bus B33 is pu. Also, the total exported active power at IJSRE- May, Vol(1), Issue(5) 4
5 bus B33 is MW. The total absorbed reactive power from the grid is MVAR. As shown in Fig. 4, it is clear that the STATCOM enhances the wind farm terminal voltage. Also the absorbed reactive power from the grid is decreased. The effect of three-line to ground fault on the behavior of the wind farm is shown in Figure-5 and Figure-6. As shown in Figure-5 when the system operates without STATCOM, the main bus voltage falls to zero when the fault occurs on the transmission line. Also, the total exported active power at bus B33 falls to zero. When the fault occurs, the absorbed reactive power is increased to MVAR. It is clear that, when the STATCOM is disconnected the wind farm cannot stay connected to the grid in case of three-line to ground fault occurs. Figure 5: Variations of the voltage, active power, and total absorbed reactive power during three-line to ground fault without STATCOM. Figure 6: Variations of the voltage, active power, and total absorbed reactive power during three-line to ground fault with STATCOM IJSRE- May, Vol(1), Issue(5) 5
6 Figure-6 shows the effect of three-line to ground fault on the wind farm behavior when the STATCOM is connected. During fault period, the voltage of the main bus B33 falls to zero. Also, the total exported active power at bus B33 falls to zero. When the fault occurs, the absorbed reactive power is increased to MVAR. When the STATCOM is connected the wind power farm has the ability to stay connected to the grid. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Ashutosh Mishra, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his immense support and enlightened guidance for my minor thesis which I have developed as an M. Tech. IV semester student. I am very grateful for the inspiring discussions with all my faculties. Their valuable support and path-guiding suggestions have helped me to develop this work. CONCLUSION The simulation results show better wind farm stability performance of STATCOM compensation during fault occurrence. In fault case system with STATCOM gives more voltage, large active power, low value of reactive power supplied by grid to wind farms. Thus, the large amount of wind power can be penetrated in to the grid without affecting the machine stability by controlling reactive power flow in the grid using STATCOM of suitable rating. REFERENCES 1. V. Akhmatov, H. Knudsen, A.H. Nielsen, J.K. Pedersen, and N.K. Poulsen, A dynamic stability limit of grid connected induction generators". Proc. International IASTED Conference on Power and Energy Systems, Marbella, Spain, (2000). 2. L. Holdsworth, X.G. Wu, J.B. Ekanayake, and N. Jenkins, "Comparison of fixed-speed and doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines during power system disturbances", IEE Proc. C- Gener. Transm. Distrib.,Vol. 150,( 3 ), 2003, pp S. M. Bolik, "Grid Requirements Challenges for Wind Turbines", Fourth International Workshop on Large-Scale Integration of Wind Power and Transmission networks for Offshore Wind Farms, Oct L. Holdsworth, N. Jenkins, and G. Strbac, "Electrical stability of large, offshore wind farms", IEE Seventh International Conference on AC-DC Power Transmission, pp , X.G. Wu, A. Arulampalam, C. Zhan, and N. Jenkins, "Application of a Static Reactive Power Compensator (STATCOM) and a Dynamic Braking Resistor (DBR) for the stability enhancement of a large wind farm", Wind Engineering Journal, vol. 27, no. 2, pp , March Lie Xu Liangzhong Yao Sasse, C., "Comparison of Using SVC and STATCOM for Wind Farm Integration", International Conference on Power System Technology, Power Con Oct. 2006,page(s): 1-7 IJSRE- May, Vol(1), Issue(5) 6
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