2015 Distribution of PELS Members

Transcription

1 Power Electronics Society (PELS) Braham Ferreira, President CPE Nottingham July 6, Distribution of PELS Members Retired 3% Consultant 4% Other Professional/ Technical 11% Industry Academia Academia 27% Industry 55% Consultant Retired Other Professional/Technical 8% growth in

2 PELS sponsored conferences: regional, local, applied and specialist partners Publications IEEE: 132 transactions, journals and magazines PELS: 4 journals and a magazine 4 2

3 PELS Transaction ranked top (update) IEEE Google Scholar Metrics; top power publication. FCON VIII A Vision for the Future of Electronic Power Processing and Conversion Lago Maggiore, Italy, September 3-7,

4 Roadmapping Power Electronics Future The IEEE Power Electronics Society (PELS) invited researchers from industry and academia to discuss future challenges and opportunities for the power electronics technology up to 2025 but also afterwards. Objective: Identifying key issues and the real show stoppers in power electronics technology. What are the fundamental limitations and technological problems that must be addressed in power electronics technology? FCON Program Power system infrastructure Do we face a complete power electronics based infrastructure? Systems of Converters Many power electronic converters working together in systems are walking a tight rope to balance and control their interaction. Transportation electrification - The power electronics technology is now introduced on a large scale, but what comes next? New power devices, high temperature Wide bandgap material is a potential game changer. Power electronics integration WBG devices are coming, but how do we build the system around them? Developing World Power Distributed renewable energy systems for the 3 billion people who live in energy poverty 4

5 Best Paths for Power Electronics Technology Development Braham Ferreira 9 Three Power Electronics Challenges Establishing the true potential of WBG power devices. Changing mind set about the power frequency band. Establishing a world technology for distributed renewable energy systems. 10 5

6 Content 1. International Technology Roadmap for Wide Bandgap Semiconductors Overview Benchmarking 2. Systems of converters 3. Reaching the Tipping Point in Distributed Renewable Energy Solutions 4. Conclusions 11 Motivation R&D activities in wide bandgap devices are growing rapidly; more good quality devices are entering into the market. There are clear needs from industry, academia, education and public authorities to have a reliable and comprehensive view on the Strategic Research Agenda and Technology Roadmap. Now is the right time to launch ITRW, to provide reference, guidance and services to future research and technology development. 12 6

7 ITRW, ITRS, HITRS and ITRDS Power WBG is in a similar position as Silicon 30 years ago. ITRS was terminated in Heterogeneous technology continues as HITRS and is supported by IEEE CMTP Roadmap for Devices and Systems, ITRDS, is part of Rebooting Computing of IEEE ComSoc. 13 Mission The International Technology Roadmap for Wide Band-gap Power Semiconductor (ITRW) fosters and promotes the research, education, innovations and applications of WBS technologies globally, and is co-initiated by IEEE PELS and organizations representing USA, Japan, China, Europe, UK.* and coordinated by IEEE PELS. *Founding partners: US Department of Energy, Power America, NEDO (Japan), SIP (Japan), CWA (China), NMI (UK). 14 7

8 Governance Societies, alliance, associations ITRW Steering Committee chaired by PELS Industry advisory board Subcommittees Technology Roadmap White Paper Strategic Research Agenda Coordination information and events Operational Support Groups Substrate Equipment Devices Package and Module Design, thermal and Reliability Applications Conferences Symposium Workshop Exhibition 15 ITRW Sub-groups The initial technical committees have been defined as: 1. Substrates and EPI materials 2. Devices and process integration 3. Modules and Packaging (collaborate with HITRS) 4. Power Electronic system integration and application 16 8

9 Content 1. International Technology Roadmap for Wide Bandgap Semiconductors. Overview Benchmarking 2. Systems of converters. 3. Reaching the Tipping Point in Distributed Renewable Energy Solutions. 4. Conclusions 17 Rationale We need metrics to establish some method of comparison. Need to define metrics that are: Agreed by the technical community Able to be tolerant of technology change Have unimpeachable value 18 9

10 Rationale A useful comparison? Maximum voltage. Continuous current Pulsed current Maximum power dissipation Peak recovery rate Forward transconductance Turn on/off delay times Turn On/Off rise/fall times 19 Metrics Technical levels: 1. Substrates and EPI materials 2. Devices and process integration 3. Modules and Packaging 4. Power Electronic system integration and application What are suitable benchmarks/metrics for modules, packaging? How can system integration be quantified?

11 Possible Module/System Metrics Efficiency - SiC and GaN inverters already at 99%+ efficiency = not much room for progress? Reliability - IEEE PELS SiC FET Reliability Testing Case Study - Initially it can boost the acceptance of WBG devices, until on par with Si. Power volume/weight density - Always a good metric because less material is cheaper and obvious system benefits. Cost - Important, but benchmarking may be difficult. 21 The WBG power transistor in its environment Who remembers the 1978 book by Thomson CSF? What is the environment for WBG system integration? 22 11

12 The WBG power transistor in its environment The immediate electrical environment are the parasitic inductances and capacitances that interact with the very fast switching of WGB devices. It is better to deal with parasitics on a higher level than devices = power modules and switching cells (e.g. on PCB) Convenient of a power module is that thermal and mechanical properties can be dealt with at the same time. (Not the case with a PCB switching cell) 23 The WBG power transistor in its environment Fast transients create more EMI in the system. Example of resonant switching cells used in drive for EMC sensitive environments

13 The WBG power transistor in its environment Device metrics are meaningless on system integration level. A limited set of benchmarks that can easily be validated are needed. EMI and EMC are important system integration criteria: benchmarking on converter/sub-converter/switching-cell level. Standardised test platforms are needed to measure electrical, mechanical, thermal and EMC performance. Better insights are welcome! 25 Content 1. International Technology Roadmap for Wide Bandgap Semiconductors 2. Systems of converters Harmonic and distortion jungle Broadband power 3. Reaching the Tipping Point in Distributed Renewable Energy Solutions 4. Conclusions 26 13

14 Harmonic and distortion jungle What happens to the systems dynamics when so many components are interconnected? 27 Harmonic and distortion jungle Frequent issues regarding resonances and harmonics related instabilities. Harmonics in wind farms 28 14

15 Harmonic and distortion jungle Management of the input impedance of microgrids is essential. Notional Shipboard Power System Architecture D. Borojevic, FCON Harmonic and distortion jungle Impedance norms are needed for the frequency range khz; falling between the Harmonics and EMI bands. Load impedance measurements L11 L12 L13 L16 Load impedance ZL ( ) Frequency (khz) 30 15

16 Harmonic and distortion jungle Example of how system impedance of a system of converters can be managed. Prof. Marquardt suggested that highly inductive transmission systems, similar to M2C are used. 31 A single frequency power system Radio and telecommunications use the full frequency spectrum. The two wires in telephone lines are used to the spectrum limit In conventional power systems we are content with so little. The one and only 50Hz power music station new components 32 16

17 A multi frequency power system Power electronic interfaces enables broadband power transmission. A possible future system: renewable power 0Hz (dc) channel fossil power 50Hz channel storage power 250Hz channel 33 Broadband power Mission impossible: Containing harmonic and noise sources, plus ad-hoc management the grid impedance spectrum. Strict standards on the grid impedance spectrum is needed. Broad power bandwidth can be a disruptive technology for future Electronic Power Systems 34 17

18 Content 1. International Technology Roadmap for Wide Bandgap Semiconductors 2. Systems of converters 3. Reaching the Tipping Point in Distributed Renewable Energy Solutions 4. Conclusions 35 Humanitarian Challenge 3 Billion people live in energy poverty with no-grid or poor-grid. The distributed renewable energy solutions they need are power electronics based. 18

19 Humanitarian Challenge Huge effort by governments, charities, and technical organizations... small retention rate. Sales of distributed renewable energy systems are taking off...but is still only a drop in the barrel. Need for a World Technology Available World Technologies for poor communities have their origins in the rich developed world, for example cell phones and cars. The development was paid by the rich countries where the market forces provided the investment and a competitive environment to improve, grow and mature the technology platforms. Since rich countries already have abundant access to electricity, the economic incentive does not exist for the development. Therefore an alternative mechanism is needed

20 IEEE PELS New Initiative: Reaching the Tipping Point in Distributed Renewable Energy Solutions Can we define an alternative process to facilitate the development of a SRES world technology platform, to actively stimulate the growth of flexible system solutions? Answer: Light Up a Billion Smiles global competition Global mash-up events Billion Smiles Approach Challenge in the form of a competition: Aim at discontinuous sustainable innovation; 5 year time horizon Recognize of the best solutions. Reward cooperation. Show and tell mash-up event between engineers and designers. Communities and policy makers form the audience. Massive on-line participation and networking

21 Billion Smiles Specifications Device to Cloud Energy Device Scaling Micropayments to financial partner, ED turn on/off capability Pay-as-you-go with or without comms at end-use location Asset tracking, GIS & remote diagnostics Asset optimization, data analytics, cyber security, robustness Demonstrate registration, authorization, account mgmt GUIs for end-user, coordinator and partners Level 1 individual appliance Level 2 stackable systems 3-6 use-cases for each level, metrics based on value delivered Demonstrate integrated operation with ED2C platform Grow with needs, flexibility in use of sources/storage/loads 1 st cost/performance, lifecycle costs, cradle to grave costs Continued operation with changes in cellular standards Deploy without need for technical sales or field support staff Global deployment without additional certification Demonstrate operation in >2 countries with minimum 1000 EDs Show platform can manage 100K EDs, and can scale to 10M EDs Address issues of individual versus community ownership of EDs Supply chain and cost estimates at scale, identify key needs Conclusions ITRW was founded in December If enough support and good benchmarks can be established, then it can become an excellent instrument to accelerate the adoption of WBG power devices. One cannot solve the problems that the introduction of power electronics create in power systems by adding more power electronic. The principles of power systems need to be revisited. Power electronics based renewable energy world technology is urgently needed to relieve energy poverty of billions of people. PELS strives to provide the nutrients to grow appropriate technology platforms with the Lighting up a Billion Smiles competition