National PV Recycling Program. SEIA PV Recycling Working Group September 14, 2016

Transcription

1 National PV Recycling Program SEIA PV Recycling Working Group September 14, 2016

2 About SEIA U.S. National Trade Association for Solar Energy Founded in ,000 member companies from all 50 states Our Mission: Build a strong solar industry to power America Our Goal: 100 gigawatts of solar capacity by 2020 September 13, Solar Energy Industries Association 2

3 PV Recycling Working Group Members: First Solar, Flex, JinkoSolar, Panasonic, SolarCity, SunPower, Trina Solar Building an end-of-life solution to ensure clean energy solutions do not pose a waste burden for future generations Committed to responsible end-of-life management Proactively developing collection and recycling processes

4 PV Waste

5 PV Waste PV industry is still in a relatively early stage and volumes of PV waste are currently and will remain relatively low PV panels are similar in size, shape and composition PV recycling processes may vary by technology Gives the solar industry the opportunity to establish a proactive waste-management infrastructure Gives recyclers time to plan and build infrastructure Goal is to develop closed loop and high-value recycling program

6 SEIA s National PV Recycling Program Identify and recommend recyclers who can manage PV waste while striving to avoid landfill options Provides SEIA members with specific account management and members-only pricing Establish new and innovative processes Track waste over time and ensure timely solutions and channels are available when waste volumes increase

7 SEIA Contacts Membership: Thomas Kiggen, Director of Membership Phone: Codes & Standards: Evelyn M. Butler Director of Codes & Standards Phone: September 15, Solar Energy Industries Association 7

8 Thank you for attending!

9 Energy Storage Technologies & Standards Jim McDowall Solar Power International Las Vegas September 2016

10 Solar and storage 3 solution levels Make it compatible Make it predictable Make it dispatchable when needed Power-to-energy ratio Renewables Smoothing Shaping Shifting Non- Renewables Ancillary services Energy management 2 SPI Energy Storage Standards Seconds Minutes Hours

11 Storage technologies Storage medium Electrochemical (batteries) Electrostatic (EDLCs, a.k.a. supercapacitors, ultracapacitors) Mechanical (flywheels, CAES) Potential (pumped hydro) Focus is on batteries 3 SPI Energy Storage Standards

12 Battery technology differentiation Conventional batteries e.g. Lead-acid, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH Remove water Lithium batteries e.g. Li-ion, Li-polymer, Li-metal polymer, Li-S Add heat Separate power from energy High-temperature batteries e.g. Na-S, Na-NiCl 2 Flow batteries e.g. Vanadium redox, Zn-Br 4 SPI Energy Storage Standards

13 Battery technology characterization Power vs. energy High-power, short-duration discharges High-energy, long-duration discharges Scalability kw! MW kwh! MWh Technology maturity 5 SPI Energy Storage Standards

14 Battery design issues Architecture Cell format Failure mechanisms Failure modes o Cylindrical Reliability o o Prismatic Bipolar Modularity Thermal management Heating Cooling Monitoring Safety Abuse resistance Flammability Toxicity Sustainability 6 SPI Energy Storage Standards

15 Characterization and evaluation Speaking the same language Manufacturers presenting data in understandable ways Potential users asking the right questions IEEE 1679 series of standards IEEE generic recommended practice Dot documents providing guidance for specific technologies o P for lithium-based batteries o P for high-temperature sodium-based batteries 7 SPI Energy Storage Standards

16 Success of Li-ion in ESS market Flexibility in scale Flexibility in power/energy Commercial-scale production 8 SPI Energy Storage Standards

17 Li-ion safety Range of technologies NCA, NMC, LFP, etc. etc. Different levels of safety at chemistry level Different levels of risk based on battery size Application-related safety Containerized system with integrated fire-safety system, located behind the fence Residential systems Safety standards have to address all situations! 9 SPI Energy Storage Standards

18 Li-ion safety standards Generic Started with small cells for portable applications UL 1642 transitioned to UL / IEC UL 2054 for modules / packs also transitioning to IEC Newer dedicated documents for industrial applications UL 1973 (2013) IEC for generic requirements (2014) IEC for safety requirements (April 2017) 10 SPI Energy Storage Standards

19 Li-ion safety standards application-specific Telcordia GR-3150 for telecommunications use Telco-specific overcharge 16-foot drop Simulated brush fire 11 SPI Energy Storage Standards

20 Future outlook Development efforts focused mainly on energy-type batteries Large-scale energy shifting Replacement for peaking generation Challenge for standards to keep pace with technologies, e.g. liquid-metal batteries operating at 450 C More application-specific safety standards? Residential systems? 12 SPI Energy Storage Standards

21 Questions? 13 SPI Energy Storage Standards

22 Battery Energy Storage Codes, Standards, Regulations Grid Integration Case Study Nicholas Tumilowicz Principal Manager Solar Power International Las Vegas, NV September 14, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

23 Agenda! EPRI and The Role of Energy Storage! The Importance of Standards to Grid Integration! Case Study: Grid Integration of a Virtual Power Plant Energy storage is key to an on-going transformation of the grid Codes, Standards, and Regulations are Key to Safe, Efficient Integration Lessons Learned from Community Aggregation of Battery Energy Storage Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

24 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity EPRI s Mission Advancing safe, reliable, affordable and environmentally responsible electricity for society through global collaboration, thought leadership and science & technology innovation Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

25 Standards will Accelerate Adoption Bulk Storage: Provide peaking and ramping service and increase grid flexibility Distribution Storage: Give operators more control over power flow Customer-Sited Storage: Decouple loads from the grid A The Highly Value Interconnected of Energy Storage Power will Increase System w/ that Optimizes Energy Resources Established Standards of Quality and Reliability Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

26 Integration Governed by Organizations & Agencies National Electrical Safety Code, NESC American National Standards Institute, ANSI Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE National Electrical Code, NEC National Electrical Manufacturers Association, NEMA National Fire Protection Association, NFPA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, OSHA (& CalOSHA) Underwriters Laboratories, UL CSA, Canadian Standards Association BESS Must Meet All Utility and Industry Safety Codes and Requirements Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

27 Passing the Baton from Solar to Storage Storage technology is ready and improving. Codes, Standards, Processes need to be adopted Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

28 Advanced (Net Zero) Energy Community What is the impact of ZNE homes with and without Storage on the Distribution Network? Designed to generate as much energy as it uses over the course of a year Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

29 Design Influenced by City & State Code 2013 California Building Standards Code (CBSC) 1. Building Code (CBC), based on the 2012 International Building Code (IBC) published by the International Code Council (ICC). 2. Residential Code (CRC), based on the 2012 International Residential Code (IRC) published by the International Code council (ICC). 3. Electrical Code (CEC), based on the 2011 National Electrical Code (NEC) published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). 4. Mechanical Code (CMC), based on the 2012 Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) published by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). 5. Energy Code. 6. Fire Code (CFC), based on the 2012 published by the International Code Council (ICC). 7. Green Building Standards Code Many standards in place for conventional build, Very limited understanding of established storage standards Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

30 Home Integrated Battery Storage System Components and System (Generally) Certified and Approved, Integration of this System to Grid required Effort Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

31 Permitting Approval Subject to Code Building Code - Natural gas line interference: Forced indoor installation Mechanical Code: 300lb, wall-mounted system required additional structure/ bracing Fire Code: Stationary storage battery systems with total weight exceeding 1000 lb (454 kg) for lithium-ion and lithium ion and lithium metal polymer batteries used for facility standby power, emergency power, or uninterrupted power supplies shall be in accordance with additional spill control and enclosure requirements. Electrical NEC (F): Energy storage systems in garage will need to be protected from physical damage. NEC 480.9(A): Proper garage ventilation. NEC 690.5(C) & : Battery warning labels and signage. Standards are being agreed upon, however, it will take time for AHJ to interpret and adopt the new standards Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

32 Interconnection Compliance EMS Rule 21 California; Rule 14h Hawaii Testing for voltage and current at the meter when in a grid down condition. UL 1741, IEEE 1547 compliance Utilities are becoming familiar and more comfortable with advanced storage inverter capabilities Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

33 Operations & Management IEC Standards Interface architecture and general requirements [Published] Interface for Network Operations [NO] [Published] Interfaces for Records and Asset management [AM] [Published] Interfaces for Operational planning & optimization [OP] [Under Development] Interfaces for Maintenance & Construction [MC] [Published] Interfaces for Network Extension Planning [NE] [Under Development] Interfaces for Customer Support [CS] [Published] Interface Standard for Meter Reading & Control [MR] [Published] Common Information Model (CIM) Extensions for Distribution [Published] Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

34 EPRI s Energy Storage Integration Council (ESIC) MESA and SunSpec EPRI s ESIC IEC TC57 WG17 UL 1741 Projects and Field Demos IEEE 1547 Common Functions California Rule Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

35 Today s Key Takeaways Energy storage is part of an on-going transformation of the grid Codes, Standards, and Regulations are Key to Safe, Efficient Integration AHJs are Becoming more Comfortable with Technology and Standards Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

36 Questions? Nicholas Tumilowicz, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

37 Together Shaping the Future of Electricity Download Your Copy of the Paper For Additional Information Contact Nicholas Tumilowicz,

38 Appendix 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

39 Strong, Sustained Adoption of Renewables Between , Solar & Wind to Climb from 7% to 40% Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

40 Inside the Smart, Connected, Controllable Home Smart Thermostat Solar & Storage Smart Heat Pump Water Heater Controllable Loads Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

41 Single Home Device Aggregation & Control Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

42 Neighborhood Load, Solar, Storage Aggregation Fontana, CA: Saturday, June 26, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

43 Analyzing the Value of Storage For Illustration Only Disposal Operations and Maintenance Balance of Plant Power Electronics Battery Cost Frequency Regulation Energy Time-shift System Capacity Distribution Investment Deferral Power Quality and Reliability Market Services Utility Services Customer Services Costs of Storage Benefits of Storage Benefits forecasted to outweigh Total Cost of Ownership Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

44 Addressing the Remaining Challenges to Storage! Evaluate costs and performance factors of technology solutions! Develop and validate value and grid impacts of storage! Identify common approaches to ensure storage technology solutions are safe, secure, reliable, affordable, and practical! Create best practices for deployment, integration, operations, maintenance, and disposal! Integrate storage technology into utility planning and operations processes Storage technology is maturing, but system integration and operational experience are critical Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

45 ES Systems Standards, Integration and Interoperability Troy Chatwin, PMP Solar Power International 2016 Las Vegas

46 Energy Storage Sites are Complex Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

47 Energy Storage Sites are Complex Batteries, Racks & Interconnect Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

48 Energy Storage Site is Complex Batteries, Racks & Interconnect Inverters Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

49 Energy Storage Site is Complex Batteries, Racks & Interconnect Inverters Transformers Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

50 Energy Storage Site is Complex HVAC Batteries, Racks & Interconnect Inverters Transformers Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

51 Energy Storage Site is Complex HVAC Batteries, Racks & Interconnect Building or Enclosure Inverters Transformers Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

52 Energy Storage Site is Complex HVAC Batteries, Racks & Interconnect Building or Enclosure Inverters Transformers Balance of Plant Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

53 ES System Codes, Standards and Regulations UL Subject 9540 Standard for Energy Storage Systems and Equipment Requirements for major components of ES system State/Local Building Code State/Local Fire Code IFC Proposed Changes Additional chemistries Listing of systems FMEA for fire safety Separation of battery arrays Permitting based upon kwh, not electrolyte Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

54 ES System Codes, Standards and Regulations National Electrical Code NFPA 70 including new Article 706 for Energy Storage Systems Energy Storage Systems to be Listed if Self Contained Factory Matched equipment System of Pre-engineered matched components components that are tested and Listed separately and installed in the field Circuit requirements Overcurrent protection Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

55 ES System Codes, Standards and Regulations National Electrical Safety Code IEEE C2 Life Safety Code NFPA 101 Fire Suppression System NFPA 2001 Clean Agent Fire Suppression Systems Arc Flash Analysis IEEE 1584 Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations Seismic Analysis ASCE 7 UL Standard for Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources, Supplement A (last Thursday) UN/DOT 38.3 Manual of Tests and Criteria for Lithium-Ion Batteries Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

56 System Integration and Interoperability Complete integration testing of the SYSTEM is a MUST Consequences of poor integration may include: Poor performance Improper Operation Code, AHJ or specification violations Failed equipment, including fire and explosion Communications Interoperability MESA and SunSpec Alliance communications interface Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

57 It s already happening Troy Chatwin, PMP GE Energy Storage 14 September

58 Troy Chatwin, PMP Regulatory & Standards Director GE Energy Storage m