Energy storages in flexible energy systems. Kari Mäki VTT

Transcription

1 Energy storages in flexible energy systems Kari Mäki VTT

2 Contents Short status overview Needs for storage units Storage integration in energy systems Ancillary services Aggregator business logics Case example 05/04/2016 2

3 Current status of storage in energy systems 05/04/2016 3

4 Current status of storage in energy systems 05/04/2016 4

5 Current status of storage in energy systems 05/04/2016 5

6 CAES: promising novel concepts CAES from multiple perspectives is more viable than pumped hydro Adiabatic-heated CAES Greater storage power density Improved control possibilities Thermal expansion due to cyclic heating? Low-temperature CAES Avoids technical restrictions Fast start-up times (5 min) Efficiency losses due to additional stages? 05/04/2016 6

7 Drivers for storage units in energy systems Amount of intermittent RES generation Storage enabling more efficient integration Need for better service reliability Avoiding service interruptions Improving customer power quality Amount of electric vehicles Potential for smart charging and vehicle to grid (V2G) integration Customer-level applications Economical use of dynamic tariffs Optimization of microgeneration Microgrids (virtual or real) Local back-up power Extension of demand side management - from controllable load to controllable combination of load and generation 05/04/2016 7

8 Generation gets more variable... 05/04/2016 8

9 load profiles really gain attention 05/04/2016 9

10 ...flexibility will have a value... Controllable flexibility will have an increasing value Aggregating individual distributed resources can form significant entities Communication enables the control observe loop 05/04/

11 ..and markets do evolve Fingrid reserve types 05/04/

12 Efficient storage can solve it all! Backup power Investment deferral Voltage control Power Balancing power Reserves Frequency control PV smoothing Power quality Energy Market operations Capacity Hourly tariffs 05/04/

13 Storage in energy system Energy system needs according to operation time scale Time response requirements as defined in IoE project. 05/04/

14 Storage in energy system Energy system needs according to operation time scale Power quality improvement - from microseconds to seconds. Suitable for local applications where sensitive loads are present. Power balance smoothing - from seconds to hours. Suitable especially for integration of renewable energies like wind power and PV. Also for load peak shaving. Diurnal variation smoothing scale of hours. This usually means variation between day and night. Seasonal smoothing - from days to months. Especially between seasons. Difficult to achieve currently. Primarily heat storage applications? Grid ancillary services - from minutes to days or even to months. Grid state related services agreed between network operator and storage owner. 05/04/

15 Storage in energy system Different storage types different application areas Hours Minutes Customer energy optimization Li-Ion Ni-Cad PV output smoothing Small-scale island operation Lead-acid NAS Vanadium redox Large-scale island operation Pumped hydro Flywheel Seconds Milliseconds Customer power quality improvement Supercapacitor Gusty wind output power smoothing Network power quality improvement SMES /04/2016 Storage capacity kw 15

16 Storage in energy system HV/MV LV network power quality / LV network island operation PV unit G AC Power Smoothing Generator transformer MV/LV Customer meter AC/DC DC power smoothing Customer energy optimization Customer network G AC/DC DC circuit power Smoothing DC/AC MV network power quality Customer power quality 05/04/

17 Energy density (Wh/kg) Storage in energy system Different storage types different characteristics Suitable application areas can be defined Hybrid systems can be beneficial 1000 Fuel cell 100 Ni-MH, Ni-Cd Lithium ion 10 Lead acid Flywheel Super capacitor 1 SMES Electrolytic capacitor 0, Power density (W/kg) 05/04/

18 Use for PV smoothing Use of storage for smoothing PV output 05/04/

19 Use for PV smoothing PV output smoothing in Nordic conditions Daily variation can be reduced Other methods needed for seasonal level 05/04/

20 Ancillary services Most of the technical solutions mentioned could be offered to local grid operator as ancillary services Local voltage control Local power quality management Local islanded operation Local peak shaving Providing ancillary services requires efficient co-operation Communication and control of storage device Integration to network operator s SCADA and other systems Measurements, agreements etc. 05/04/

21 Aggregator business logics Aggregator service is a potential solution Aggregator combines multiple small units Combination of controllable loads, microgeneration, storages, etc. Aggregate impact of small units can be significant Aggregator could be serving both local grid and customer s own energy management Aggregator Network operator Customer energy management Ancillary services Customer interface and energy strategy Measure and control 05/04/ V2G EV

22 Aggregator business logics Measurements Network operator Service order Service offer Energy market Price information Exchange Balancing power market Customer information Public network Customer network Smart meter Aggregator Customer location Measure Customer energy management PV panel Controllable loads EV/ storage Measure and control Customer UI 05/04/

23 Finding the potential: multi use of storage Backup power Investment defer Voltage control Power Balancing power Reserves Frequency control PV smoothing Power quality Energy Market operations Capacity Hourly tariffs 05/04/

24 To conclude Efficient storage units are increasingly needed in energy systems Controllable flexibility will have a value Different requirements according to the application From power quality to seasonal variation Different storage technologies to match different requirements New business models and market roles evolve around storages Interesting aggregator models developing Regulative framework can constrain full utilization of storages The business potential is found in models offering storage on various markets 05/04/

25 Case Härmälänranta 25

26 Härmälänranta area 05/04/

27 Focusing on block level and building level 05/04/

28 Some background data 05/04/

29 Data on storage units Lähde: 05/04/

30 On the block level Storage can enable full utilization of PV installations 05/04/

31 On building level More significant impact on energy exchange with grid and building level selfsufficiency 05/04/

32 TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS 32