STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

Transcription

1 ENERGY STORAGE

2 STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

3 SOLID STATE BATTERIES Solid state batteries are the original battery, originally invented in Each contains a positive and negative terminal Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals, allowing current to flow from the battery, in order to work. Types of solid state batteries Electrochemical capacitors Lithium Ion Nickel-Cadmium Sodium Sulfur

4 SOLID STATE BATTERIES Pros of Solid State Batteries Tolerance to high temperatures allows for higher density without the use of dangerous or toxic materials. The absence of liquid allows for a safer battery, and a more compact battery. Higher voltage and longer cycle life is possible with solid state batteries. Cons of Solid State Batteries They are expensive to make. Economies of scale don t help bring the price down. Less efficient in low temperatures.

5 FLOW BATTERIES Liquid chemical electrolyte is contained in a system separated by a membrane. Energy is stored within the electrolyte liquid. Flow batteries can be easily and almost instantly recharged by replacing the electrolyte liquid. The spent liquid can be re-energized. Types of flow batteries Redox Chemical reduction and oxidation Iron-Chromium Vanadium Zinc-Bromide Hybrid flow with solid zinc metal

6 FLOW BATTERIES PRIMUS POWER

7 FLYWHEELS Rotating mechanical device who s rotational energy can be used almost instantaneously, usually spinning in a vacuum. Recharged by a motor to increase it s rotational speed. Best used for high power, but lower energy applications. Other advantages: Very quick to charge/recharge Environmentally friendly Durable Currently used in telecomm.

8 COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE Compressed air storage has been around since the 1800s, and used with utilities since the 1970s Air is compressed in an underground cavern, and heated to expand which drives a turbine. Similar applications, output and storage capacity as pumped hydro

9 PUMPED HYDRO Water is pumped from a lower reservoir to an upper during off peak hours, and then gravity runs in through a turbine back to the lower reservoir. Ability to respond in seconds. Reservoirs with dams and generators are already available.

10 LADWP PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT Pumping water from Mojave back up to Lake Mead. Effect on Mead constrained to one foot of change in elevation. Currently have $25 million budgeted for research and hire of necessary experts to determine if the project is viable. Next steps Feedback Feasibility study (July 18) Design requirements (October 18) Concerns Increased operations & maintenance cost due to increased lake level and higher capacity. A percentage of those O & M costs would be charged to pumped storage users. What is the effect on Mojave?

11 POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS

12 FEDERAL POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS FERC Order 841 (Issued Feb. 15, 2018) Order for RTOs and ISOs to revise tariffs in order to better incorporate energy storage into the market. Allow energy storage to participate in all capacity, energy, and ancillary services markets. FERC Order 890 Prevents discrimination in regards to FERC s transmission tariff that opened energy and ancillary service markets to energy storage. Reform opened markets for non-generation resources capable of providing supply, voltage control, regulation, frequency response, imbalance, and reserves. FERC Order 755 Adjusted compensation rules for frequency regulation for battery storage.

13 FEDERAL POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS Upcoming topics for FERC are regulations for distributed energy resources. How will DERs work economically? What are the operational effects of DERs with state and local regulators? How will DERs participate in RTO and ISO markets? Will data be collected and how on DERs and used in models for planning and operations?

14 CALIFORNIA POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS California is the US leader in energy storage. California Energy Storage Roadmap Laws require utilities to get energy storage resources Consumer rebates through Proper valuation of storage technologies contributions to the grid

15 CALIFORNIA POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS California AB 2514 Investor owned utilities are required to procure and install 1325 mw of storage by Every other year until 2024, each investor-owned utility is required to submit a procurement plan until the goal is met. AB 2868 Requires Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, and San Diego G&E to create programs for another 500 mw of either large scale or behind the grid storage. San Diego 7 projects for emergency response and incentive programs for nonprofit care facilities to install storage SCE Distribution level storage to help integrate distributed renewables, incentives for storage development in low income multifamily housing Pacific Distributed storage resources to improve grid resilience to wildfires

16 CALIFORNIA POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS AB 546 Requires local governments to show all available applications for behind-the-meter storage and accept applications electronically. SB801 Requires three things of LADWP (or any LA Basin public utility with more than 250,000 customers) Share grid data with anyone who might want to set up distributed energy resources Take measures to reduce load by using renewables, energy efficiency strategies rather than using natural gas generation Determine cost and feasibility of installing 100 mw of energy storage, and any private utility (Edison) to install 20 mw of storage.

17 ARIZONA POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS No legislation yet. Renewable Energy Standard and Tariff (REST) Originally established in 2007 to increase Arizona s renewable portfolio to 15% by Now, the Corporation Commission has proposed to increase this to 30% by 2030, and is considering incorporating energy storage into the REST rules. The Corporation Commission has also issued utility mandates to help build energy storage. APS must develop a program to facilitate residential energy storage technology. TEPCO has also been ordered to develop a similar program. Clean peak program proposed to include 3000 mw of storage by 2030 with the goal of clean renewable use during peak demand hours.

18 ARIZONA POLICIES AND DEVELOPMENTS SRP and TEPCO have entered in power purchase agreements to buy from battery storage. TEPCO is also partnered with E.On North America who has completed additional battery storage. TEPCO has also issued a request for proposals for wind renewables paired with storage. APS is also investing in storage paired with solar. Arizona will have the first community microgrid to integrate storage and smart home systems.

19 SRP SOLAR PLUS STORAGE PROJECT SRP recently dedicated a solar and storage facility in Casa Grande. The solar facility provides 20 mw of power to the area. The storage system is a 10 mw lithium-ion battery.

20 REPORT ON ENERGY STORAGE ASSOCIATION CONFERENCE Energy storage likely to grow by 35 GW by 2025, driven by consumers, businesses, and government agencies who increasingly support new technology. Growth will create hundreds of thousands of jobs, result in $4 billion operational savings, avoid 3.6 million metric tons of CO2 emissions and another thousand metrics tons of CO2 equivalents like nitrogen and sulfur oxide. The ability to shave peak demand may be greatest benefit of energy storage.

21 QUESTIONS?