Emerson Solar Utility scale PV inverter systems

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Elwin Nigel Gibbs
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1 I NVERS ORES FOT OVOL T AI COS

2 Emerson Solar Utility scale PV inverter systems SPV Product Guide: 45 kva kva

Emerson SPV grid-tie inverters - The key to better investment performance Energy yield is about more than just efficiency, it is also about availability.

These are designed and manufactured by our professional engineers and controlled through our dedicated project management teams, to meet your required timescales.

3 Emerson SPV grid-tie inverters - The key to better investment performance Energy yield is about more than just efficiency, it is also about availability. Emerson PV inverter solutions enable investors to exceed their investment performance expectations through high yield inverter systems. These are designed and manufactured by our professional engineers and controlled through our dedicated project management teams, to meet your required timescales. Our SPV systems are backed by guarantees to ensure performance is maintained over the lifetime of the plant. Emerson your bankable partner Emerson is a diversified global manufacturing company that brings technology and engineering together to provide innovative solutions to customers. As a top Fortune 500 corporation, each of Emerson s businesses is an industry leader. With a global workforce of more than 7,000 employees, 40 manufacturing facilities and a very robust balance sheet, we are a truly bankable partner. Emerson has the infrastructure, knowledge, and experience to deliver its technology and product solutions to customers around the world. Engineering and project management solutions to meet your needs Emerson can provide as much or as little of the PV inverter system as you need, from an inverter to a complete turnkey solution incorporating all power components. This includes string connection boxes, shelter, transformer and switchgear all engineered to ensure compliance with local grid-connection codes across the globe. Integration with equipment from local and international suppliers can easily be accommodated to reduce transport costs and improve lead times. Multi-master modular inverter systems for proven availability Emerson SPV systems offer a range of transformerless central inverters for PV installations from 45kVA to 590kVA. Each inverter is constructed using multiple standard 45kVA or 75kVA modules. Based on a stable design, our inverter modules are mass produced for both industrial and PV applications. Proven to be reliable and robust, Emerson inverter modules improve availability while simplifying global supply chains and minimising spares holding. Proven success Project: Plant rating: Country: Enfinity/Infrabel Rail Tunnel Project 5.5MW Belgium Emerson is a Fortune 500 global corporation with a long standing reputation for high quality and excellent financial performance.

4 Photovoltaic power plants generate a return on investment through payments for energy that is fed on to the power grid. The amount of energy is the yield which is a function of efficiency and availability. Investment performance metrics are extremely sensitive to both these factors. Intelligent Inverter Management (IIM) control to maximise yield Emerson SPV inverter systems incorporate the multi-master concept within IIM to control the active and standby status of each inverter module. This has benefits in energy efficiency and increased reliability: Fault tolerant inverters, giving enhanced availability In the event of any inverter module trip, the system automatically reconfigures to continue generating. For critical applications, built-in redundancy can be incorporated within the system to maintain maximum output with minimum investment. Power Power Adaptive power control, giving enhanced efficiency Modularity achieved through the Emerson multi-master architecture allows the active inverter capacity to be automatically scaled to optimise energy efficiency for all conditions and allows the system to begin generating sooner in low light conditions. The result is that Emerson SPV inverters achieve up to 98.% peak efficiency and greater than 98% Euro η measured in accordance with IEC 668. The active and standby duty for each module is rotated so that generating capacity is shared and inverter life extended. Day Night Time All inverters available Day Time Day One inverter unavailable Day No. represents the first unit to start power-up sequence of the day

In low solar irradiance levels, Emerson inverters start generating power sooner and with greater efficiency than conventional bulk inverter solutions with a turn-on/turn-off threshold of less than

architecture dynamically re-sizes to match generated power. The following graph demonstrates how this increases efficiency, which remains above 96% at only % of full load.

5 In low solar irradiance levels, Emerson inverters start generating power sooner and with greater efficiency than conventional bulk inverter solutions with a turn-on/turn-off threshold of less than 900W. Emerson SPV inverter systems Greater yield at low irradiance levels A key differentiator of Emerson's SPV system is our ability to enhance yield at low irradiance levels as the multi-master architecture dynamically re-sizes to match generated power. The following graph demonstrates how this increases efficiency, which remains above 96% at only % of full load. This compares to conventional bulk inverters where the efficiency begins to reduce severely when operating below 0% of full load. Yield at low load is particularly important in temperate climates such as northern Europe. High accuracy MPPT algorithm To ensure maximum power is obtained from PV arrays, Emerson's unique Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is optimised for accuracy for both crystalline and thin film solar panels. The system is able to adapt rapidly to fast moving weather conditions across a wide temperature range. SPV800 efficiency and power gain benefits compared with a conventional bulk inverter 00.0% 98.0% SPV800 efficiency Conventional inverter efficiency Compact and easy to manage Each inverter module is compact and light weight so that it can be handled easily. Modularity does not impact overall dimensions, a 000 kva inverter measures only.6 metres wide. Core Unidrive SPMD 75kVA inverter 0mm (.in) 796mm (.in) 98mm (.7in) Warranty and service contracts Extended warranties and service contracts are available to ensure energy yield is maintained over the lifetime of the plant. These can be sold as part of the capital package or funded annually. Efficiency 96.0% 94.0% 9.0% 90.0% 88.0% Fiscal gain in low load operation Proven success Project: Plant rating: Country: Kublank.MW Germany 86.0% 84.0% 8.0% 80.0% % Full Load 4

6 Front view of SPV800 Rear view of SPV800 DC connections Emerson inverters are extremely reliable, however, if one module does need maintenance, the rest keep generating. Compact modular design makes repair or replacement very easy. 5

7 Emerson SPV inverter standard features and options Key inverter features High conversion efficiency, 98.% peak, >98% Euro η measured in accordance with IEC 668 at 40 Vac, 5 Vdc (excluding auxiliaries) Optimised for reliability and long active life Standard industrial mass produced inverter modules Power ratings of 45 kva, 75kVA and increments thereafter of 75kVA up to 40 Vac (60 Vac, 00 Vac and 400 Vac are also available) Compact footprint Low switch-on point of 900W (0.057% on 590kVA inverter) High accuracy Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) over a wide voltage range Engineered for compliance with international grid connection codes Automatic reactive current and power factor control Anti-islanding / loss of mains protection Sinusoidal inverter technology -.8 % typical total harmonic current distortion (ITHD) - no transformer de-rating required Tolerant to inverter module faults with fast automatic recovery Communications via Ethernet with Modbus TCP or Modbus RTU as standard with local or remote configuration and monitoring Utility company communications interface Standard distribution style transformer. No additional losses, dual secondaries or high dv/dt withstand requirements Large inverters significantly reduce balance of system costs Isolation monitoring of PV array DC overvoltage protection Options Built in inverter redundancy DC fusing or circuit breakers +/- DC side grounding Single piece or split AC side / DC side construction Up to 000V switch-on Supply fault ride-through / grid support (LVRT) to the latest BDEW rules. Independently certified by TÜV Nord AC side / DC side switches (station configuration option) Inverter powered fans / cooling system (station configuration option) Proven success Project: Plant rating: Country: Michelin, Bad Kreuznach MW Germany 6

Emerson SPV inverter system diagram DC DC Voltage Monitoring Intelligent Inverter Management control Module Field Connections from PV arrays Overvoltage protection Fuses Fuses EMC Filter Module

8 Emerson SPV inverter system diagram DC DC Voltage Monitoring Intelligent Inverter Management control Module Field Connections from PV arrays Overvoltage protection Fuses Fuses EMC Filter Module Contactors Inverter Control Filter EMC Filter Contactors Fuses Overvoltage protection Current transducers Standard distribution transformer (secondary voltage is application dependent) To MV / HV Grid Field Connections from PV arrays Fuses Fuses EMC Filter Module...n Contactors Inverter Control Filter EMC Filter Contactors Fuses Notes: DC input switch and fusing/mcb are optional, but one of these protections must be fitted. If one of these options is not ordered then the protection must be fitted outside of the SPV AC output fuses are standard, switch is optional 7

9 MV/HV switchgear MV/HV transformer Emerson's ready-to-run shelter design Space optimising inverter design SPV inverters can be delivered in one piece (inverter and DC ancillary equipment in a single cabinet) or two piece as shown above to minimise shelter width. 8

10 Proven success Project: Plant rating: Country: Avenal California 57 MW USA SPV grid tie inverter SPV control section Ancillary DC equipment 9

SPV inverter ratings and data Ratings SPV 48 00 600 900 00 500 800 00 400 700 AC current A 48 00 600 900 00 500 800 00 400 700 DC current A 00 50 700 050 400 750 00 450 800 50 Inverter apparent power

0 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 Turn on / off power W <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 Dimensions (single part inverter) Width 4 mm 000 000 000 400 800 00 600 4000 4400 4800 Height mm 000

11 SPV inverter ratings and data Ratings SPV AC current A DC current A Inverter apparent 40Vac kva Euro η % Turn on / off power W <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 <900 Dimensions (single part inverter) Width 4 mm Height mm Depth mm Weight kg Maximum no. of internal DC landing points Quantity of parallel inverter modules Calculated without 40 Vac, 5 Vdc Height does not include 00mm or 00mm plinths Width will increase by 400mm if 000V switch-on option selected 4 Width may vary depending on which options are selected Proven success Project: Plant rating: Country: Kloster Veßra. MW Germany Proven success Project: DHL Bornem Plant rating:.5 MW Country: Belgium 0

12 Conformance and safety BDEW008 (independently certified by TÜV Nord), IEEE547 (pending), Grid compatibility UL74 (pending), FERC 66, Arrêté du avril 008, ERDF-NOI-RES E Version, CEI 06 as part of the complete installation, RD66, RD66. Conformity CE, UL & CSA (pending) EMC Immunity - IEC Emissions IEC AC side grounding Ungrounded floating system (IT) DC side grounding Floating, positive or negative AC side overvoltage category Category III per IEC DC side overvoltage category Category III per IEC DC fusing Upon request Protection Class per IEC 60 and IEC 640, DC side surge protection conforms to IEC 664- Specifications Frequency Hz AC voltage range Vac 60, 00, 40 & 400 MPPT range Vdc , AC voltage dependent Maximum DC switch-on voltage with open circuit voltage clamp Maximum DC switch-on voltage without open circuit voltage clamp Power factor Power factor control Vdc 000 Vdc 85 Fully controllable (priority given to reactive current provision) External control via digital interface or communications bus Total harmonic current distortion, ITHD (typical) %.8 Standby (night time) losses W <00 Minimum turn-on / turn-off power W 900 Operating temperature range C 0 to 50 (with derating required between 45 and 50 C). Consult Emerson for further information Storage temperature range C -0 to 50 Altitude m Up to 000. Above 000 m consult Emerson for further information Humidity % 5-95 non condensing

Emerson's complete photovoltaic solution The complete photovoltaic system Photovoltaic inverters are part of the wider PV system which includes the string connection boxes, transformers and MV/HV

We are able to work with approved local suppliers to minimise time and the costs associated with transporting equipment.

13 Emerson's complete photovoltaic solution The complete photovoltaic system Photovoltaic inverters are part of the wider PV system which includes the string connection boxes, transformers and MV/HV switchgear. Emerson can supply the complete turnkey solution through our global engineering network located in countries. We are able to work with approved local suppliers to minimise time and the costs associated with transporting equipment. Alternatively, SPV inverters can be supplied individually, engineered to work with third party supplied equipment. Emerson works with local suppliers to minimise the time and costs associated with transport. Inverter, transformer and switchgear shelters Emerson shelters can include: Separate sections for the inverter, transformer and MV switch where required Concrete or steel construction Integrated transformer disconnection devices Can be supplied pre-wired Thermostatically controlled forced ventilation or air conditioning Anti-condensation heaters kva measurement on the LV and MV side Security equipment Emerson UPS system for power back-up Meteorological instrumentation Proven success Project: Plant rating: Country: Würth Solar 0.9MW Spain

String connection boxes and SCADA Emerson can supply a complete package of web based SCADA, string connection boxes and meteorological instrumentation package, alternatively, SPV communications

Transformers Transformer and MV switch schemes are individually engineered for each project to suit grid connection, environmental, regulatory and protection requirements.

14 String connection boxes and SCADA Emerson can supply a complete package of web based SCADA, string connection boxes and meteorological instrumentation package, alternatively, SPV communications flexibility allows developers, integrators or operators to specify a system of their choice. Transformers Transformer and MV switch schemes are individually engineered for each project to suit grid connection, environmental, regulatory and protection requirements. They can be supplied using oil cooled, dry or cast resin transformers. UPS and LV switchboard options are available. Solar tracking systems Solar trackers enhance energy yield by around 0%. With drives and gearmotors, Emerson can provide a complete electromechanical solution for photovoltaic solar array trackers to maximise energy capture. Custom designed flexibility Single inverter systems Multi inverter systems Emerson engineers can provide systems that are designed specifically for your application, whatever the power requirements using single or multi-inverter systems. Proven success Project: Plant rating: Country: Eurener Italia srl.7mw Italy

SPV inverter and system option configuration guide General inverter configuration example: SPV 048 DE - 0 - - Inverter options AC current rating / SPV size Country of end use Use the two letter

15 SPV inverter and system option configuration guide General inverter configuration example: SPV 048 DE Inverter options AC current rating / SPV size Country of end use Use the two letter country code defined by ISO 66- alpha-: DE - Germany, FR - France, IT - Italy, ES - Spain, US - USA, CN - China, TH - Thailand, GR - Greece, CA - Canada, GB - United Kingdom, IN - India, BE - Belgium, OT -Other Standards and grid connection codes - BDEW, - FERC, - RD, 4 - DK, 5 - IEEE547, 6 - Arrêté, 7 - GB/Z , 8 - Australian, 9 - Other MPPT range AC voltage Construction Plinth Main disconnect DC protection - UL range, - EU range with 800 V turn-on, - EU range with 000 V turn-on - 60Vac, - 00Vac, - 40Vac, 4-400Vac - Standard (in-line), - Split - 00mm (4in), - 00mm (8in) 0 - None, - AC only, - DC only, - AC and DC 0 - None, - Fuse carriers only, - Fuse + carriers, - MCBs DC grounding Communications interface 0 - None, - Positive, - Negative - Ethernet, Modbus - Other System options Shelter SCADA interface String connection box Transformer MV/HV switchgear - Yes, 0 - No - Yes, 0 - No - Yes, 0 - No - Yes, 0 - No - Yes, 0 - No 4

0 mission critical reasons for selecting Emerson. The resources to deliver on our promises Emerson is a Fortune 500 corporation with outstanding bankability in the eyes of the financial community.

16 0 mission critical reasons for selecting Emerson. The resources to deliver on our promises Emerson is a Fortune 500 corporation with outstanding bankability in the eyes of the financial community.. Designed for long life Emerson uses standard mass produced inverter modules that are used in both industrial and PV applications. The modules are based on a stable design that is proven to be robust.. Higher efficiency, more of the time Emerson PV inverters are efficient (>98% Euro ETA), and because of our unique modular inverter solution, we switch on sooner and off later, efficiently generating more energy with lower irradiance levels than single inverter solutions. 4. Energised to meet your deadlines Emerson understands the time pressures associated with PV plant installations; our project management teams work tirelessly ensuring you meet your start up deadlines. 5. Tolerant to faults Emerson inverters are fault tolerant, in the event that an inverter module trips the inactive module is automatically isolated so that the system can continue generating. System redundancy can also be specified for critical applications. 6. Wherever you are, so are we Emerson employs more than 40,000 people, the majority of which are located within engineering centres around the World, focussed on project engineering and support for our energy conversion products. 7. As much or as little as you need Emerson can provide as much or as little of the PV inverter system as you need, from a single Inverter to a complete solution incorporating string connection boxes, transformer, shelter, medium voltage switch and SCADA. 8. Complete peace of mind Extended warranties and service contracts to 0 years are available to ensure the highest energy yield is maintained over the lifetime of the plant. 9. Ready for PV industry growth Emerson is geared up to mass-produce standard modules with high availability to support the growth of the PV industry. 0. In service around the world Emerson inverters and PV solutions are truly global in coverage. Large scale projects like our recent 58 MW DC solution in California are being developed around the world. Emerson,000 square metre inverter manufacturing facility 5

17 Emerson SPV Engineering and Support Centres AUSTRALIA Melbourne T: Sydney T: controltechniques.au@emerson.com AUSTRIA Linz T: controltechniques.at@emerson.com BELGIUM Brussels T: controltechniques.be@emerson.com BRAZIL São Paulo T: controltechniques.br@emerson.com CANADA Toronto T: controltechniques.ca@emerson.com CHINA Shanghai T: controltechniques.cn@emerson.com Beijing T: ext 80 controltechniques.cn@emerson.com CZECH REPUBLIC Brno T: controltechniques.cz@emerson.com DENMARK Copenhagen Drive Centre T: controltechniques.dk@emerson.com FRANCE* Angoulême T: controltechniques.fr@emerson.com GERMANY Bonn T: controltechniques.de@emerson.com Chemnitz T: controltechniques.de@emerson.com Darmstadt T: controltechniques.de@emerson.com GREECE* Athens T: /088 controltechniques.gr@emerson.com HOLLAND Rotterdam T: controltechniques.nl@emerson.com INDIA Chennai T: / 496 0/ controltechniques.in@emerson.com Pune T: /6 845 controltechniques.in@emerson.com New Delhi T: controltechniques.in@emerson.com IRELAND Newbridge T: controltechniques.ie@emerson.com ITALY Milan T: controltechniques.it@emerson.com Reggio Emilia T: controltechniques.it@emerson.com Vicenza T: controltechniques.it@emerson.com KOREA Seoul T: controltechniques.kr@emerson.com MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur T: controltechniques.my@emerson. com REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA Johannesburg T: controltechniques.za@emerson.com Cape Town T: controltechniques.za@emerson.com RUSSIA Moscow T: controltechniques.ru@emerson.com SINGAPORE Singapore T: controltechniques.sg@emerson.com SLOVAKIA EMERSON A.S T: controltechniques.sk@emerson.com SPAIN Barcelona T: controltechniques.es@emerson.com Bilbao T: controltechniques.es@emerson.com Valencia T: controltechniques.es@emerson.com SWEDEN* Stockholm T: controltechniques.se@emerson.com SWITZERLAND Lausanne T: controltechniques.ch@emerson.com Zurich T: controltechniques.ch@emerson.com TAIWAN Taipei T: controltechniques.tw@emerson.com THAILAND Bangkok T: controltechniques.th@emerson.com TURKEY Istanbul T: controltechniques.tr@emerson.com UAE* Emerson FZE T: ct.dubai@emerson.com UNITED KINGDOM Telford T: controltechniques.uk@emerson.com USA East Coast T: controltechniques.us@emerson.com Latin America T: controltechniques.us@emerson.com US Headquarters (Minneapolis) T: controltechniques.us@emerson.com West Coast T: controltechniques.us@emerson.com P.N / ARGENTINA Euro Techniques SA T: eurotech@eurotechsa.com.ar BAHRAIN Emerson FZE T: ct.bahrain@emerson.com BULGARIA BLS - Automation Ltd T: info@blsautomation.com CHILE Ingeniería Y Desarrollo Tecnológico S.A T: rdunner@idt.cl COLOMBIA Sistronic LTDA T: luis.alvarez@sistronic.com.co Redes Electricas S.A. T: alvaro.rodriguez@redeselectricas.com CROATIA Zigg-Pro d.o.o T: zigg-pro@zg.htnet.hr CYPRUS Acme Industrial Electronic Services Ltd T: acme@cytanet.com.cy ECUADOR Veltek Cia. Ltda. T: vacosta@veltek.com.ec EGYPT Samiram T: / samiramz@samiram.com EL SALVADOR Servielectric Industrial S.A. de C.V. T: aeorellana@gruposervielectric.com FINLAND SKS Control T: control@sks.fi GUATEMALA MICE, S.A. T: mice@itelgua.com HONDURAS Temtronics Honduras T: temtronics@amnethn.com HUNGARY Control-VH Kft T: info@controlvh.hu ICELAND Samey ehf T: samey@samey.is INDONESIA Pt Apikon Indonesia T: info.my@controltechniques.com Pt Yua Esa Sempurna Sejahtera T: info.my@controltechniques.com ISRAEL Dor Drives Systems Ltd T: info@dor.co.il KENYA Kassam & Bros Co. Ltd T: kassambros@africaonline.co.ke KUWAIT Emerson FZE T: ct.kuwait@emerson.com Emerson 0. The information contained in this brochure is for guidance only and does not form part of any contract.the accuracy cannot be guaranteed as Emerson have an ongoing process of development and reserve the right to change the specification of their products without notice. Emerson SPV Distributors LATVIA EMT T: janis@emt.lv LEBANON Black Box Automation & Control T: info@blackboxcontrol.com LITHUANIA Elinta UAB T: sales@elinta.lt MALTA Mekanika Limited T: mfrancica@gasan.com MEXICO MELCSA S.A. de CV T: jcervera@melcsa.com SERVITECK, S.A de C.V T: serviteck@prodigy.net.mx MOROCCO Cietec T: cietec@cietec.ma NEW ZEALAND Advanced Motor Control. Ph. T: +64 (0) info.au@controltechniques.com PERU Intech S.A. T: artur.mujamed@intech-sa.com PHILIPPINES Control Techniques Singapore Ltd T: info.my@controltechniques.com POLAND APATOR CONTROL Sp. z o.o T: info@acontrol.com.pl PORTUGAL Harker Sumner S.A T: drives.automation@harker.pt PUERTO RICO Motion Industries Inc. T: roberto.diaz@motion-ind.com QATAR Emerson FZE T: ct.qatar@emerson.com ROMANIA C.I.T. Automatizari T: office@citautomatizari.ro SAUDI ARABIA A. Abunayyan Electric Corp. T: aec-salesmarketing@ abunayyangroup.com SERBIA & MONTENEGRO Master Inzenjering d.o.o T: office@masterinzenjering.rs SLOVENIA PS Logatec T: ps-log@ps-log.si URUGUAY SECOIN S.A. T: jose.barron@secoin.com.uy VENEZUELA Digimex Sistemas C.A. T: digimex@digimex.com.ve VIETNAM N.Duc Thinh T: infotech@nducthinh.com.vn

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