EXHIBIT D.2.5: Site Technical Overview Documents Bid Alternate Bundle: CDG Sites

Transcription

1 EXHIBIT D.2.5: Site Technical Overview Documents Bid Alternate Bundle: CDG Sites Contents Auburn Landfill Auburn Dunning Ave... 7 Cayuga County County House Road Complex Cortland County Chase Field DeWitt Landfill Elbridge Landfill Moravia Wastewater Treatment Plant Oswego Superfund Site Richland Well Fields Salina Landfill Skaneateles Transfer Station Cicero Landfill Union Springs Water Works Page 1 of 67

2 Auburn Landfill 1 Site Overview Address: 311 North Division Street, Auburn NY Utility Provider and Tariff: NYSEG, SC7-1 Electricity Supplier: Energy Cooperative of America Annual Energy Usage: 238,700 kwh Monthly Demand Peak: max 50 kw, average 43 kw over the last 12 months PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 947 kw recommended for RNM. Space for >2,000 kw if CDG pursued. 1,202,238 kwh/yr see chart below PV System Summary This site is landfill #1 which was capped in the 1980 s. The target system size of 947 kw is designed to offset 100% of Auburn municipal electric consumption not including street lighting, and not including usage already offset by other DG. The City electric usage and production summary is as follows: City Electric Consumption and Production Summary Total City electric usage (current) New usage at WWTP (projected) Total City electric usage (projected) Street lighting ineligible for RNM Total usage eligible for RNM North Division Street hydro generation Mill Street hydro generation Total electric usage to be offset by solar City Hall PV array production Remaining usage eligible for RNM 6,096,000 kwh/yr + 4,200,000 kwh/yr = 10,296,000 kwh/yr - 2,363,000 kwh/yr = 7,933,000 kwh/yr - 4,200,000 kwh/yr - 2,451,000 kwh/yr =1,282,000 kwh/yr - 80,000 kwh/yr = 1,202,000 kwh/yr The PV array will connect to an electric meter serving a gas collection and compression skid adjacent to the landfill. The skid takes the methane gas from the landfill and sends it to a 2 MW cogeneration plant (this energy is subsequently sold into a wholesale market, which is why it is not included in the chart above). The primary considerations for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain; other similar landfills have received approval to install PV arrays in New York. Interconnection approval is less certain, as NYSEG will need to determine whether the distribution line that supplies the skid can handle potential backfeed from an 947 kw PV system. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 2 of 67

3 Energy Use and Solar Generation Profile 160, , , ,000 80,000 60,000 Energy Use (kwh) Solar Output (kwh) 40,000 20,000 - JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC This energy profile shows the PV output by month as compared to the electric consumption at the methane compressor. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 3 of 67

4 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Electric Meter The layout above shows the footprint required for an 947 kw ground mount PV array. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,270 kwh/kw per year. There is space for >2,000 kw if a community solar installation is pursued. This site is a closed landfill. The interconnection point is at the methane gas collection and compression skid just north of the landfill as labeled above. Site plans are available showing the location of underground methane collection lines, site topography, and an electrical single line diagram for the skid. The grass is mowed once per year currently. Vegetation growth is mostly in control, though some mowing and clearing will be required prior to installation. There are also wellheads throughout that will have to be avoided when installing the solar panels. The wellheads are about 3 ft tall and spaced >100 ft apart, so should not present a major obstacle. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 4 of 67

5 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Landfill 1 Ballasted ground mount system Solar Array Utility Considerations The electrical service to the skid is 400A, 480Y/277V 3-phase 4-wire. The utility drop is from a dedicated NYSEG pole service to the gas skid with (4) 500 MCM conductors. There is room for the solar inverter and equipment either adjacent to the array or within the fenced enclosed at the gas skid. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be upwards of 947 kw and the peak demand on site is only around 50 kw. This site is designed to serve as a host site for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, the excess credits still remaining are directed to other accounts owned by the City. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site, though it should be before this project goes to contract. In either case, a service upgrade will be required as the existing utility drop is not sized to handle the PV system capacity. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments None Med None Med High The ground condition seems suitable for solar, though the array will have to be ballasted to avoid penetrating the cap. There are no shading concerns. Mowing will be required prior to installation. Environmental approval will be required prior to installation. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. In either case, the main service will have to be upgraded to accommodate this new PV system. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 5 of 67

6 Site Photos Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 6 of 67

7 Auburn Dunning Ave Site Overview Address: Utility Provider and Tariff: PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 213 Dunning Ave, Auburn NY No service to this site currently (NYSEG territory) 2,300 kw possible if used as a community DG host site 947 kw recommended if used as an RNM host site for City meters 1,202,238 kwh/yr see chart below PV System Summary This site is a 36 acre parcel owned by the City. This site could be used as either a host site for remote net metering or as a host site for a community solar array. Scenario 1 Remote Net Metering Host If used as a remote net metering host, the target system size of 947 kw is designed to offset 100% of Auburn municipal electric consumption not including street lighting, and not including usage already offset by other DG. The City electric usage and production summary is as follows: City Electric Consumption and Production Summary Total City electric usage (current) New usage at WWTP (projected) Total City electric usage (projected) Street lighting ineligible for RNM Total usage eligible for RNM North Division Street hydro generation Mill Street hydro generation Total electric usage to be offset by solar City Hall PV array production Remaining usage eligible for RNM 6,096,000 kwh/yr + 4,200,000 kwh/yr = 10,296,000 kwh/yr - 2,363,000 kwh/yr = 7,933,000 kwh/yr - 4,200,000 kwh/yr - 2,451,000 kwh/yr =1,282,000 kwh/yr - 80,000 kwh/yr = 1,202,000 kwh/yr Scenario 2 Community DG Host This site could also serve as a host for a Community DG aka Shared Solar array. In this scenario, a system of up to 2,000 kw AC could be installed. This is the maximize size allowed to net meter. Note: the system size of 2,300 kw indicated above is the total DC rating of the solar panels; this is reduced to 2,000 kw AC during the power conversion process before connection to the grid. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 7 of 67

8 Any electric consumers in Auburn would be able to subscribe to a portion of output from the array and receive credits on their electric bill. The City itself would be eligible to subscribe to up to 40% of the total array output, which would be around 920 kw DC. Conveniently, this is also close to the amount of solar needed to offset 100% of the City s eligible electric consumption. It is outside the scope of this report to cover the Community DG program in detail, though more information could be found here: General Considerations for Either Scenario Technical The PV array will most likely connect to the three phase power line running along Dunning Ave to the east of the parcel. The distance to the street is approximately 800 ft from the NE corner of the array footprint. There is a creek along the road which would have to be crossed. The primary considerations for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain since this does not seem to be an ecologically sensitive parcel. Interconnection approval is less certain, as NYSEG will need to determine whether the distribution line along Dunning Ave can handle potential backfeed from an 947 kw or 2,300 kw PV system. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. It is possible that only a smaller system size would be approved and that grid upgrades would be required. The costs for grid upgrades would be the responsibility of the City (typically included in the project development costs). Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 8 of 67

9 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Dunning Ave 800 from NE corner of array The layout above shows the footprint required for an 2,300 kw ground mount PV array. The energy yield for this array is 1,270 kwh/kw per year. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 9 of 67

10 The image above shows the property line (light blue) along with topographic lines (red). Each topo line represents an elevation gain of 2 ft. The property line extends to Dunning Ave at the top right corner of the property. The image above is the google street view looking north along Dunning Ave near at the point where the City property meets the road. There is a 3 phase distribution line along the west side of the road. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 10 of 67

11 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Dunning Ave pacel Standard ground mount system or 2,300 Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments None Med None Unknown Low The ground condition has not been assessed, though is presumed to be suitable for solar. There are no shading concerns. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. In either case, a new service will need to be installed. There could be some challenge with the electrical run as it will have to cross a creek. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 11 of 67

12 Cayuga County County House Road Complex Site Overview Address: Utility Provider and Tariff: Electricity Supplier: Annual Energy Usage: Monthly Demand Peak: 7445 County House Rd, Auburn, NY NYSEG Empire Natural Gas Corporation tbd tbd PV System Overview System Size: 2,300 kw possible Expected Output in Year 1: 2,908,000 kwh/yr at this size Electricity Offset: >100% PV System Summary This site is a complex of county buildings including a nursing home along the road, a jail behind, the County Soil and Water Conservation District, and a digester. There is space to install a ground mount array of the max permissible size under standard interconnection rules. Note: 2,000 kw AC is the maximum permissible size. The system size of 2,300 kw indicated above is the total DC rating of the solar panels; this is reduced to 2,000 kw AC during the power conversion process before connection to the grid. There is an open lot near the several facilities that looks to be a good site for a large ground mounted solar array. This site could be used as a host for either remote net metering or community solar. Scenario 1 Remote Net Metering Host If used as a remote net metering host, the system could interconnect to the jail, nursing home, or digester. Solar output would first offset the host meter with excess energy production directed to other County electric accounts. Electric billing data for all County accounts would need to be reviewed to determine the target system size, though it is presumed the County has enough usage to absorb the output from a 2,300 kw array. If this option is pursued, it is possible that remote net metering arrays won t be needed at the Highway Barn in Venice or the Highway Garage in Auburn as described earlier in this report, though we anticipate the County has enough cumulative usage to absorb the outputs from those systems as well as this one. Scenario 2 Community DG Host This site could also serve as a host for a Community DG aka Shared Solar array. As above, an array of up to 2,300 kw could be installed. Any electric consumers in the County (whom are served by NYSEG) would be able to subscribe to a portion of output from the array and receive credits on their electric bill. The County itself would be eligible to subscribe to up to 40% of the total array output which would be around 920 kw DC. It is outside the scope of this report to cover the Community DG program in detail, though more information could be found here: Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 12 of 67

13 General Considerations for Either Scenario Technical The primary considerations for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain since this does not seem to be an ecologically sensitive parcel. Interconnection approval is less certain, as NYSEG will need to determine whether the distribution line along County House Rd can handle potential backfeed from a 2,300 kw PV system. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. It is possible that only a smaller system size would be approved and that grid upgrades would be required. The costs for grid upgrades would be the responsibility of the County (typically included in the project development costs). Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) North of digester Standard ground mount racking ,300 Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments Low Med None Low Low The ground condition seems suitable for solar. Standard soil makeup for this area. This field is not flood prone. There are no shading concerns. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. Approval may be received for a smaller system size only, and grid upgrades may be required. In either case, the chosen main service will have to be upgraded to accommodate a PV system of this size. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 13 of 67

14 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Community Digester 250ft Nursing Home 900ft Jail 400ft The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development highlighted in blue with individual modules in dark blue. The layout above can accommodate 2,300 kw. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,266 kwh/kw per year. The area chosen is relatively level; a topography available for the site shows a total elevation gain of less than 10ft across the field. There are no major shading impacts. The soil condition is good for hosting a ground mounted solar array. Utility data for adjacent County properties has not been evaluated, nor have the electric services been evaluated. As such the target interconnection location is unknown. Presumably either the jail or nursing home (both County-owned) will have a large 3 phase service suitable for interconnection, though a service upgrade would likely be required if this large solar array size is pursued. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 14 of 67

15 Site Photos Proposed Array Location Jail Digester Nursing Home The image above shows the property lines (blue) and topography (red). Topo lines are 2ft contours. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 15 of 67

16 Looking west at array location Looking northwest at array location Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 16 of 67

17 Cortland County Chase Field Site Overview Address: Utility Provider and Tariff: Electricity Supplier: Annual Energy Usage: Monthly Demand Peak: PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 922 NY Route 222,Cortland, NY No service to this parcel currently (National Grid territory) n/a 476,337 kwh total consumption on all County meters n/a Up to 2,100 kw is possible. 375 kw needed for 100% offset. 2,664,000 kwh/yr (at 2,100 kw-dc) or 475,500 kwh/yr (at 375 kw) TBD PV System Summary The County recently bought and cleared a parcel across Route 222 off the north-east corner of the airport. The County is updating the Airport Master Plan and is interested in installing solar on the property. A solar array at this parcel could be used as either a host site for remote net metering or as a host site for a community solar array. Scenario 1 Remote Net Metering Host If used as a remote net metering host, a new electric service in the County s name would be set up on the parcel to serve a small load. The PV array would be connected to this meter and National Grid would virtually credit excess generation to other County electric accounts of the County s choosing. The target system size would be 375 kw which is sufficient to offset usage on all eligible County-owned meters. Scenario 2 Community DG Host This site could also serve as a host for a Community DG aka Shared Solar array. In this scenario, any electric consumers in the County and surrounding areas would be able to subscribe to a portion of output from the array and receive credits on their electric bill. The County itself would be eligible to subscribe to up to 40% of the total array output, though a subscription to 375 kw would be sufficient to offset County usage as described above. It is outside the scope of this report to cover the Community DG program in detail, though more information could be found here: If the County chooses to host community solar, systems could be installed at both the landfill and Chase Field, and the County could subscribe to output from one or both arrays as desired. General Considerations for Either Scenario Technical The primary considerations for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain since this does not seem to be an ecologically sensitive parcel. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 17 of 67

18 Interconnection approval is less certain, as National Grid will need to determine whether the local feeder can handle backfeed from a large solar array. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. It is possible that only a smaller system size would be approved and that grid upgrades would be required. The costs for grid upgrades would be the responsibility of the County (typically included in the project development costs). There is no electric service to the parcel currently. The nearest 3 phase feeder is a 13.2 kv line that runs along West Rd and terminates about 500 ft east of the parcel. To the west, the nearest 3 phase line is a 13.2 kv line along Highland Rd, about a half mile from the parcel. State Route 222 itself between Highland and West is served by a 2-phase 4.8 kv line. The most viable interconnection will likely be extending a dedicated line from the 13.2 kv feeder on West Rd to the parcel (see drawing on the next page for the current termination point of this feeder). Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 18 of 67

19 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Termination of Natl Grid 13.2kV 3-phase feeder The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development highlighted in blue. The layout above can accommodate 2,100 kw-dc assuming ground mount arrays with a 20 degree tilt. The energy yield for this configuration is 1,268 kwh/kw per year. As noted previously, a smaller 375 kw system would be sufficient under remote net metering. There are 15 medium sized trees on the parcel which will have to be removed to maximize the available space. The tree line along the west edge of the property is ft tall and poses a shading concern; an appropriate setback will need to be maintained. The topography is level and the ground is of good condition to host a solar array. Vegetation growth is minimal; this property is regularly mowed. Environmental approval via the SEQR process will be necessary for this array though major impacts are not expected. Interconnection could be a challenge for this array. There is a 13.2 kv 3-phase service along West Road which terminates 500 ft east of the parcel (labeled above). At the very least, this line will need to be extended to the property, though connection of a large array may require additional protections. An interconnection application will need to be filed with National Grid to determine whether interconnection of the proposed array size is feasible and the corresponding cost of grid upgrades to accommodate. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 19 of 67

20 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Vacant parcel NE of airport Standard ground mount array up to 2,100 Solar Array Utility Considerations There is no electric service to the parcel currently; a new meter and service will need to be requested. See discussion of the local distribution system in the previous section. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be significantly in excess of any demand for power on site. This site is designed to serve as either a host for remote net metering or for a community solar array. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, if excess credits are still remaining, they are directed to other accounts owned by the County. Under community solar, individual subscribers will be credited for excess energy produced by the array. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. It is likely that grid upgrades will be required to accommodate a large solar array at this location, and it is possible that only a smaller array will be approved. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. In either case, a new utility service and meter will need to be installed by National Grid. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments Low High None Low Low Ground condition is good for solar. Topography is level. The site is mowed regularly. The tree line along with west edge of the property (50-75 ft tall) is a shading concern. Removal or appropriate setback required. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. In either case, a new service will have to be ordered. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 20 of 67

21 Site Photos View from street looking north at parcel Center of parcel looking west Center of parcel looking south Looking east along street (termination of 3-phase line in distance) Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 21 of 67

22 DeWitt Landfill Site Overview Address: Fisher Rd, East Syracuse NY Utility Provider and Tariff: No service to this site (National Grid provides service in this area) Electricity Supplier: n/a (Town has accounts supplied by National Grid Supply Service and Integrys) Annual Energy Usage: 0 kwh at landfill, total usage on Town meters is 2,472,293 kwh/yr Monthly Demand Peak: n/a PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 1,880 kw recommended for RNM. Space for >2,000 kw if CDG pursued. 2,404,230 kwh/yr 97% of total municipal usage including outdoor lighting PV System Summary This site is a closed landfill (closed in the 1980 s) with space to install enough solar to offset all of the Town s municipal electric consumption. The landfill is designed to be a remote net metering host site, which means energy produced here will be virtually distributed to other Town accounts. The recommended size of 1,880 kw is enough to offset 100% of eligible DeWitt municipal electric consumption. Town Electric Consumption Summary Total Town usage (facilities, water, pumps) Total Town usage (street lighting) Total Town usage Unmetered lighting (ineligible) Total usage eligible for solar offset 991,776 kwh/yr + 1,480,517 kwh/yr = 2,472,293 kwh/yr - 62,644 kwh/yr = 2,409,649 kwh/yr Note: This report has been updated to reflect Town Hall as an eligible recipient of remote net metering credits. The Town Hall was ineligible under old rules which prevented a site that hosts a net metered system from also being a satellite account. This restriction was removed by a PSC ruling in October The Town Hall s net usage (345,920 kwh/yr) is now included in the eligible amount above. There are some street lighting accounts that are unmetered and thus are also ineligible to be recipient accounts. The primary hurdles for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. A 2MW interconnection application has been filed. The National Grid response indicated a CESIR study would be required at a $25,000 cost. Some grid upgrades will be necessary though a new feeder is not likely to be required. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain; other similar landfills have received approval to install PV arrays in New York. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 22 of 67

23 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Substation 500 ft Landfill entrance 400 ft Canal Museum The layout above shows the footprint required for an 1,880 kw ground mount PV array. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,279 kwh/kw per year. There is space for >2,000 kw if CDG is pursued. This site is a closed landfill (closed in the 1980 s). The grass is mowed by the Highway Department a few times per year. Vegetation growth is relatively in control, though some mowing and minor clearing will be required prior to installation. The vents are very sparsely located and will not present an obstacle to the array. The topography is relatively flat in the southeast corner of the property where the array is shown. Otherwise, there are large mounds in the northeast and southwest corners of the property, and the topography generally slopes away from those two mounds. There are a couple key issues to consider for this installation: 1) New York s State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQR) requires the analysis and disclosure of environmental impacts of proposed projects. The array will need to use ballasted racking to avoid penetrating the landfill cap. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 23 of 67

24 2) Interconnection cost is a question mark. There was an interconnection application filed and accepted for a 1,995 kw-ac system connecting to feeder on Fisher Rd. The response from National Grid indicated a final CESIR at a cost of $25,000 would be required. The preliminary findings indicated the interconnection was feasible though some upgrades would be necessary, including additional 3V0 protection at the substation and a new EMS RTU. Feeder upgrades were not anticipated to be necessary. Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Southeast corner of landfill property Ballasted ground mount ,880 Solar Array Utility Considerations There is no electric service on site currently. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be upwards of 1,880 kw and the peak demand on site is minimal. This site is designed to serve as a host site for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, the excess credits still remaining are directed to other accounts owned by the Town. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility. An interconnection application was filed for this site at a 2MW size. The National Grid response indicated a CESIR study would be required at a $25,000 cost. Preliminary analysis showed a feeder upgrade was not likely to be necessary, but some upgrades would be necessary including a new EMS RTU, expanded capacitor banks, and anti-islanding protection. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments None Med None Med Med The ground condition seems suitable for solar. The array will have to be ballasted to avoid penetrating the cap. There are no shading concerns. Environmental approval will be required prior to installation. A new electric service will have to be established. A CESIR study with National Grid will also be necessary. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 24 of 67

25 Site Photos Looking southeast toward array location Looking south toward array location Looking southwest across landfill property Looking west across landfill property Old canal museum Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 25 of 67

26 Elbridge Landfill Site Overview Address: Utility Provider and Tariff: Electricity Supplier: Annual Energy Usage: Monthly Demand Peak: PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 801 Peru Road, Jordan, NY no service to this site currently (NYSEG service territory) n/a (Town receives supply through an ESCO for other accounts) n/a n/a 2,300 kw possible (only 80 kw needed to offset usage on all Town accounts) 2,954,000 kwh/yr n/a PV System Summary This site is a closed and capped landfill owned by the Town. The Town s electric consumption is summarized below: Location Annual Usage (kwh/yr) Rate Tariff Town Hall (2 meters) 66,515 SC2 Community Center 22,870 SC6 Water District Wheeler Rd 9,501 SC2 Water District Crossett Rd 3,300 SC6 Unmetered Street Lighting (5 meters) (ineligible) 56,958 varies TOTAL ELIGIBLE LOAD 102,186 There is 102,186 kwh/yr of consumption on Town electric accounts (not including the unmetered street lighting, which is not eligible for offset). It would require a solar array of around 80 kw to offset this usage. The landfill could be used as either a host site for remote net metering or as a host site for a community solar array. However, due to the small system size associated with RNM, only community solar is being considered for this RFP. In the Community DG aka Shared Solar array scenario, a system of up to 2,000 kw AC could be installed. This is the maximize size allowed to net meter. Note: the system size of 2,300 kw indicated above is the total DC rating of the solar panels; this is reduced to 2,000 kw AC during the power conversion process before connection to the grid. Any electric consumers in Elbridge and surrounding areas would be able to subscribe to a portion of the output from the array and receive credits on their electric bill. The Town itself would be eligible to subscribe to the 80 kw required to offset Town usage. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 26 of 67

27 It is outside the scope of this report to cover the Community DG program in detail, though more information could be found here: General Considerations Technical The PV array will most likely connect to the three phase power line running along Peru Road to the south of the parcel. The distance to the street is approximately 800 ft from the SE corner of the array footprint. There is a creek along the road which would have to be crossed. The primary challenges for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain; other similar landfills have received approval to install PV arrays in New York. However a SEQR review will be required. Interconnection approval is less certain, as NYSEG will need to determine whether the distribution line along Peru Road can handle potential backfeed from a large solar installation. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. It is possible that only a smaller system size would be approved and that grid upgrades would be required. The costs for grid upgrades would be the responsibility of the Town (typically included in the project development costs). The topography may also present a challenge. The landfill is heavily rounded and the slope around the edges is likely too steep for a ballasted racking system. The middle portions of the landfill are flat enough to host an array, though the terrain still undulates in this area. The layout on the next page attempts to keep the boundaries of the array within these upper portions of the landfill where the topography is flatter. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 27 of 67

28 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Peru Road 800ft The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development. The layout above can accommodate 2,300 kw. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,285 kwh/kw per year. The layout above attempts to maximize use of the flatter topography in the center portions of the landfill. Site conditions may dictate an alternate section of the parcel is best. The Town will need to conduct a SEQR review to determine any impacts of the array and to determine mitigation measures, if required. At a minimum the array will need to use a non-penetrating ballasted racking system to avoid disturbing the cap. Interconnection will be a challenge for this array. There is 3 phase service along Peru Road about 600 ft south of the creek which runs adjacent to the landfill. The AC wiring run will need to cover this distance and also cross over the creek, most likely running along the access road. The capacity of the feeder along Peru Road is unknown; an interconnection application will need to be filed with NYSEG to determine whether interconnection of the proposed array size is feasible and the corresponding cost of grid upgrades to accommodate. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 28 of 67

29 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Southwest portion of landfill Ballasted ground mount ,300 Solar Array Utility Considerations This site has not been visited so the electric service details are unknown. There is a 3 phase distribution line along Peru Road, about 1000 ft south of the array. There is a single phase feeder which serves an antenna at the landfill. If there is no Town utility account at this property, a new meter and service will need to be requested. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be significantly in excess of any demand for power on site. This site is designed to serve as either a host for remote net metering or for a community solar array. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, if excess credits are still remaining, they are directed to other accounts owned by the Town. Under community solar, individual subscribers will be credited for excess energy produce by the array Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. It is likely that grid upgrades will be required to accommodate a large solar array at this location, and it is possible that only a smaller array will be approved. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. In either case, a new utility service and meter will need to be installed by NYSEG. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments None High None Med Med Ground condition is suitable for solar, though cap penetration will most likely need to be avoided. Topography is also sloped, particularly around the edges of the landfill. Environmental approval will be required prior to installation. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed and may be expensive. In either case, a new service will be required. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 29 of 67

30 Site Photos Bing maps aerial looking south Looking north at the landfill from the access road Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 30 of 67

31 Looking north along the access road at the creek Looking north Looking northeast toward antenna tower Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 31 of 67

32 Moravia Wastewater Treatment Plant Site Overview Address: Utility Provider and Tariff: Electricity Supplier: Annual Energy Usage: Monthly Demand Peak: PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 83 Aurora St, Moravia, NY NYSEG, SC7-1 NYSEG Supply Service 585,400 kwh 116 kw max, 94 kw average over the last 12 months at least 2,300 kw possible, 843 kw needed for offset of all Village accounts 1,070,000 kwh/yr (for 843 kw) (scales linearly with system size) 183% this site, 100% community-wide PV System Summary The Water Plant has a large area of open land which is suitable for a ground mounted solar array. This site could be used as either a host site for remote net metering or as a host site for a community solar array. Scenario 1 Remote Net Metering Host If used as a remote net metering host, the target system size would be 843 kw in order to offset 100% of eligible Village electric consumption (including street lighting). The solar array would be connected behind the existing WTP meter and all output from the array would first be used to offset usage on this meter. Excess credits would be distributed to other Village electric accounts using NYSEG s remote net metering policy. Scenario 2 Community DG Host This site could also serve as a host for a Community DG aka Shared Solar array. In this scenario, a system of up to 2,000 kw AC could be installed. This is the maximize size allowed to net meter. Note: the system size of 2,300 kw indicated above is the total DC rating of the solar panels; this is reduced during the power conversion process before connection to the grid. Any electric consumers in Moravia and surrounding areas would be able to subscribe to a portion of the output from the array and receive credits on their electric bill. The Village itself would be eligible to subscribe to up to 40% of the total array output. As above, it would make sense for the Village to subscribe to 843 kw in order to offset 100% of Village usage. Note: if the community DG array is connected to the existing WTP meter, then all output would first be used to offset usage of the WTP meter, with excess then going to subscribers. The Village could still be one of these subscribers in order to offset their other non-wtp electric accounts. It is outside the scope of this report to cover the Community DG program in detail, though more information could be found here: Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 32 of 67

33 General Considerations for Either Scenario Technical The primary challenges for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain. A Village-led SEQR review may be required but this does not seem to be an ecologically sensitive parcel and major impacts are unlikely. Interconnection approval is less certain as NYSEG will need to determine whether the local distribution line can handle potential backfeed from a large solar installation. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. It is possible that only a smaller system size would be approved and that grid upgrades would be required. The costs for grid upgrades would be the responsibility of the Village (typically included in the project development costs). Energy Use and Solar Generation Profile 140, , ,000 80,000 60,000 Energy Use (kwh) Solar Output (kwh) 40,000 20,000 - JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 33 of 67

34 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Main Service The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development highlighted in blue. The layout above can accommodate approximately 2,300 kw with an energy yield of 1,271 kwh/kw per year. Note: if the Village decides to pursue an 843 kw array for remote net metering only the four sub-arrays adjacent to the plant are sufficient to provide this capacity. The larger sub-array on the old ball field is needed to expand the system size to 2,300 kw. There are some trees around the perimeter, though there is space for sufficient setback to avoid shading. A minimum 100 ft setback from the ball fields is also maintained to avoid damage. The largest subarray is overlaid on an old little league field. Per the Village, this field is seldom used and can go (light demo required). The ground is very flat and in good condition for solar. This area was historically prone to flooding at certain times of year, though the DEC made drainage improvements a few years ago and flooding has not been an issue since. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 34 of 67

35 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) West Standard ground mount array East upper Standard ground mount array East middle Standard ground mount array East lower Standard ground mount array Solar Array Utility Considerations The electrical service is 800A, 480V 3-phase with an 800A main breaker. The main service is located in an enclosure just outside the office building near the service drop (as labeled on the previous page). There is room for the solar equipment outside adjacent to the service. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be much higher than the peak demand on site (peak demand is 116 kw). This site is also designed to serve as a host site for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, if excess credits are still remaining, they are directed to other accounts owned by the Village. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. In either case, a service upgrade will be required as the existing utility drop is not sized to handle the PV system capacity. Technical Assessment Summary ID Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments MV1 Low Med None High Low Ground is flat and good condition for solar. Flooding a historical problem but not since DEC drainage improvements 4 years ago. Minimal shading concerns. Some trees around perimeter but there is space for a sufficient setback. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. In either case, the main service will have to be upgraded to accommodate this new PV system. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 35 of 67

36 Site Photos Satellite Image Looking east Looking south near east edge of plant Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 36 of 67

37 Service drop from street NEMA-3R cabinet with main service panel NYSEG meter # Two dugouts and fencing will have to be removed Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 37 of 67

38 Oswego Superfund Site Site Overview Address: 703 E Seneca St, Oswego NY Utility Provider and Tariff: no service at this site currently (this area served by National Grid) Electricity Supplier: n/a Annual Energy Usage: n/a Monthly Demand Peak: n/a PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 1,182 kw (constrained by available space) 1,425,638 kwh/yr about 68% of total municipal street lighting usage PV System Summary This is a Superfund Pollution Abatement Site. There were oil drums buried at the site formerly which were leaking into the creek; this is the reason for the Superfund tag. This site is designed to be a remote net metering host site, which means energy produced here will be virtually distributed to other City accounts. There is no electric service on site currently. The recommended size of 1,182 kw is enough to offset about 68% of City municipal street lighting consumption which is around 2,082,259 kwh/yr. Street lighting accounts have higher usage charges and will provide a better return on investment if they are determined to be eligible recipient accounts for remote net metering credits. For the analysis of this site, street lighting accounts are assumed to be the recipient accounts. If they are later determined to be ineligible, this project is less likely to pencil out economically. The primary hurdles for this site will be environmental approval, interconnection approval, and the AC wiring run. The uncertainty around these issues is the reason this site is given only a B rating. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain; other similar landfills have received approval to install PV arrays in New York. A ballasted array will be required to avoid penetrating the cap. Interconnection approval is less certain, as National Grid will need to determine whether the distribution line that supplies this area can handle potential backfeed from an 1,182 kw PV system. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. The best interconnection location is to be determined. There is no electric service at the Superfund site currently, though a new connection could be established. This is most likely the best approach. The closest existing meters owned by the City are at the Animal Shelter or the pump station at the corner of St Paul St and Mitchell St, though both of these sites have small electric services currently which would need to be upgraded. Both of these sites are also a long way from the Superfund site, and there is a creek running in between. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 38 of 67

39 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Pump station 200ft Animal Shelter 100ft The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development highlighted in blue with individual modules in dark blue. The layout above can accommodate approximately 1,182 kw as a ground-mount array on open land. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,206 kwh/kw per year. The field is relatively flat and vegetation growth is under control. There will be some mowing required prior to installation, but no major vegetation clearing should be necessary. Sufficient setback must be maintained from the trees around the perimeter to avoid shading. The two nearest City meters are labeled above. The electric service at the Shelter is 150A, 208V 3-phase and the service at the pump station is 225A, 480V 3-phase. A new electric service could be applied for at the Superfund site along with roadway; this is probably the best option. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 39 of 67

40 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Superfund site Ballasted ground mount array ,182 Solar Array Utility Considerations Utility considerations have been described previously. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments Low High None Med High Ground condition seems suitable for solar, though a ballasted racking system will be necessary to avoid penetration the surface. Shading from perimeter trees can be avoided with a sufficient setback. Mowing will be required prior to install, though no significant vegetation clearing is anticipated. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. The best interconnection method will need to be determined at a later date. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 40 of 67

41 Site Photos Looking at field from street Looking at field from street Looking at field from street Utility distribution line along roadway Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 41 of 67

42 Richland Well Fields Site Overview Address: Stowell Drive, Richland, NY Utility Provider and Tariff: no service to this property currently (National Grid territory) Electricity Supplier: n/a Annual Energy Usage: None at this site. 429,428 kwh/yr on all Town meters. Monthly Demand Peak: n/a PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: over 2,300 kw possible, 337 kw required to offset usage on all Town accounts 429,000 kwh/yr at 337 kw (scales linearly) 100% of usage on all Town accounts PV System Summary This site is open land owned by the Town. It is currently vacant and the Town is interested in hosting solar. A solar array at this parcel could be used as either a host site for remote net metering or as a host site for a community solar array. The Town s electricity consumption is below: Location Annual Usage (kwh/yr) Hockey Rink 162,240 Water Delivery 145,541 Other Buildings and Facilities 87,911 Street Lighting 33,736 TOTAL 429,428 Scenario 1 Remote Net Metering Host If used as a remote net metering host, a new electric service in the Town s name would be set up on the parcel to serve a small load. The PV array would be connected to this meter and National Grid would virtually credit excess generation to other Town electric accounts of the Town s choosing. The target system size would be 337 kw which is sufficient to offset usage on all eligible Town-owned meters. Scenario 2 Community DG Host This site could also serve as a host for a Community DG aka Shared Solar array. In this scenario, a system of up to 2,000 kw AC could be installed. This is the maximize size allowed to net meter. Note: the system size of 2,300 kw indicated above is the total DC rating of the solar panels; this is reduced to 2,000 kw AC during the power conversion process before connection to the grid. Any electric consumers in the surrounding area would be able to subscribe to a portion of output from the array and receive credits on their electric bill. The Town itself would be eligible to subscribe to up to 40% of the total array output, though a subscription to 337 kw would be sufficient to offset Town usage as described above. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 42 of 67

43 It is outside the scope of this report to cover the Community DG program in detail, though more information could be found here: General Considerations for Either Scenario Technical The primary considerations for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain since this does not seem to be an ecologically sensitive parcel. Interconnection approval is less certain, as National Grid will need to determine whether the local feeder can handle potential backfeed from a large solar array. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. It is possible that only a smaller system size would be approved and that grid upgrades would be required. The costs for grid upgrades would be the responsibility of the Town (typically included in the project development costs). There is a 12.47kV 3-phase distribution line along Richland-Orwell Rd to the north of our project site, and a 3- phase feeder off this line that serves the site. There is already a 100 kw wind turbine connected to this feeder. According to National Grid s DG Interconnection Siting Map, the distribution line has possible higher costs to interconnect DG greater than 1,000 kw (circuit ID 36_16_6144 with color code purple, indicating possible higher cost). Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 43 of 67

44 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Service point National Grid Feeder 100kW wind turbine 1,000 ft. Richland-Orwell Rd 0.5 miles. National Grid Feeder Pictures on p.19 taken from this point Service point The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development highlighted in blue. The layout above can accommodate 2,300 kw as a ground-mount array on open land. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,273 kwh/kw per year. Note the footprint required for a 337 kw remote net metered array would be much smaller. The actual location of the array within the parcel could be adjusted as needed to accommodate the Town or the developer. The ground condition is good for solar and the topography of this parcel is flat. No tree removal or other site demo is required. The field would need to be cleared; it is currently covered in low growth grasses and weeds which a standard commercial mower should be able to clear. Three phase 12.47kV power is routed throughout the property, serving several well pumps and control panels at distinct locations. The power is stepped down to 480/277V at each of these individual service points. Two such points near the proposed array are shown in the image above. The capacity of these feeder lines is unknown, but it seems likely that a new dedicated line for the array would have to be run from the distribution line along Richland-Orwell Rd (a half mile from the array). An interconnection application will need to be filed to receive this determination. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 44 of 67

45 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Well Fields Standard ground mount up to 2,300 Solar Array Utility Considerations There is no electric service to this site currently. A new meter serving a nominal load will need to be requested for the site. There is a 12.47kV 3-phase distribution line along Richland-Orwell Rd a half mile north of the array, and a 3-phase feeder off this line that serves several locations on the property. There is already a 100 kw wind turbine connected to this feeder. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be upwards of 337 kw and the peak demand on site is minimal. This site is also designed to serve as a host for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, excess credits still remaining are directed to other accounts owned by the Town. Under community solar, these excess credits are allocated to subscribers. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. According to National Grid s Distributed Interconnection Siting Map, there are possible higher interconnection costs on this feeder. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. In either case, a new service will be required. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments None High None Low Low Ground condition is suitable for solar. SEQR review may be required depending on system size, though this is not an ecologically sensitive parcel and approval should not be problematic. No tree removal is necessary. There is plenty of space on site to avoid shading from perimeter trees. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. In either case, a new service will be required. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 45 of 67

46 Site Photos Bing Maps aerial image of site and surrounding area Distribution line along Richland-Orwell Rd (picture taken looking east) Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 46 of 67

47 Looking northwest Looking north Looking west See p.13 for an indication of where these pictures were taken in relation to the proposed array Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 47 of 67

48 Salina Landfill Site Overview Address: Near Brewerton Rd & Interstate 90, Syracuse NY Utility Provider and Tariff: no service (National Grid supplies this area) Electricity Supplier: n/a Annual Energy Usage: 0 kwh at landfill, total usage on Town meters is 2,260,551 kwh/yr Monthly Demand Peak: n/a PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 1,800 kw recommended for RNM. Space for >2,000 kw if CDG pursued. 2,270,127 kwh/yr 100% of total municipal usage not including load at new pretreatment plant PV System Summary This site is a closed landfill with plenty of space to install enough solar to offset all of the Town s municipal electric consumption. The landfill looks like a good install site for solar; it is flatter than most landfill sites and well maintained. The interconnection location is at a groundwater pretreatment facility adjacent to the landfill. This is a new facility and projected electric usage here is not known. The landfill is designed to be a remote net metering host site, which means energy produced here will be virtually distributed to other Town accounts. The recommended size of 1,800 kw is enough to offset 100% of Salina municipal electric consumption including outdoor lighting, but not including the usage at the new pretreatment facility. Town Electric Consumption and Production Summary Total Town usage (facilities) Total Town usage (outdoor lighting) New usage at pretreatment Total Town usage 538,615 kwh/yr 1,721,936 kwh/yr TBD kwh/yr = 2,260,551 kwh/yr The primary hurdles for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain; other similar landfills have received approval to install PV arrays in New York. Interconnection approval is less certain, as National Grid will need to determine whether the distribution line that supplies the skid can handle potential backfeed from an 1,800 kw PV system. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. The Town is also considering a community solar installation for this property. There is space to expand to over 2,000 kw if this option is pursued. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 48 of 67

49 Energy Use and Solar Generation Profile 300, , , , ,000 Energy Use (kwh) Solar Output (kwh) 50,000 - JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC This energy profile shows the PV output by month as compared to the electric consumption across all Town electric accounts. The Town usage is higher in winter months, as about 75% of Town usage is for outdoor lighting which runs longer in the winter. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 49 of 67

50 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout National Grid high voltage lines Electric Meter at pretreatment plant Ley Creek The layout above shows the footprint required for an 1,800 kw ground mount PV array. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,261 kwh/kw per year. There is space for >2,000 kw if CDG is pursued. This site is a closed landfill. The interconnection point is at the groundwater pretreatment plant across the creek from the landfill, as labeled above. The landfill is well maintained; the grass is mowed four times per year and there is minimal vegetation growth. There are vents throughout that will have to be avoided when installing the solar panels, however these vents are sparsely located and will not present a major obstacle. The topography is flatter than most landfills; there is some downward slope around the edges, though the array locations shown above are on relatively flat ground. There are a couple key issues to consider for this installation: 1) New York s State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQR) requires the analysis and disclosure of environmental impacts of proposed projects. The array will need to use ballasted racking to avoid Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 50 of 67

51 penetrating the landfill cap. Ley Creek, which can be seen in the image above running south of the landfill, has had some contamination issues in the past. 2) The wiring run will have to cross a creek to reach the interconnection point at the pretreatment plant. This will require either boring under the creek, or installing aerial lines over the creek. It will also have to cross under National Grid high voltage lines both between the sub-arrays and between the landfill and the interconnection point. The right-of-way situation is unknown. Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) East sub-array Ballasted ground mount system West sub-array Ballasted ground mount system ,100 Solar Array Utility Considerations The electrical service at the pretreatment plant is 480Y277V 3-phase with a 200A main disconnect switch. There is a pad-mounted step-down transformer on site (13.2/7.6 kv to 480Y/277 V) adjacent to the meter. There is room for the solar inverter outside adjacent to the meter, or adjacent to the array on the landfill. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be upwards of 1,800 kw and the peak demand on site is much lower. This site is also designed to serve as a host site for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, if excess credits are still remaining, they are directed to other accounts owned by the Town. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. In either case, a service upgrade will be required as the existing utility drop is not sized to handle the PV system capacity. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments None High None Med High The ground condition seems suitable for solar. The array will have to be ballasted to avoid penetrating the cap. There are no shading concerns. Environmental approval will be required prior to installation. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. In either case, the main service will have to be upgraded to accommodate this new PV system. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 51 of 67

52 Site Photos National Grid meter # Transformer, meter, possible inverter location Transformer East sub-array, looking toward treatment plant East sub-array, looking northwest East sub-array, looking west Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 52 of 67

53 East sub-array, looking southwest East sub-array, looking southwest East sub-array, looking south East sub-array, looking southeast Looking toward east sub-array from the east Looking toward east sub-array from treatment plant Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 53 of 67

54 Skaneateles Transfer Station Site Overview Address: 1676 Old Seneca Turnpike, Skaneateles NY Utility Provider and Tariff: National Grid, SC-2 D Electricity Supplier: Constellation Annual Energy Usage: 43,973 kwh Monthly Demand Peak: 22 kw max, 8 kw min, 15 kw average PV System Overview System Size: 190 kw recommended for RNM. Space for >2,000 kw if CDG pursued. Expected Output in Year 1: 232,651 kwh/yr Electricity Offset: >100% PV System Summary This site has a large open field which is available for solar. Up to 2MW could be installed in this area, though significantly less is needed to offset the Town s usage under a remote net metering scenario. Community solar could take advantage of the larger system size. Some of the Town s facilities are served by Village Electric, a local utility with very low power rates. This includes the Town s biggest energy users Austin Park Arena and the Town Hall. Solar is not competitive on these meters and thus offset is only considered for meters served by National Grid. The Transfer Station and two street lighting accounts are the only major accounts on National Grid. In this report, the PV system is designed to offset all usage at the Transfer Station (43,973 kwh/yr) with excess credits being used to offset usage of the street lighting accounts (193,000 kwh/yr) via remote net metering. Energy Use and Solar Generation Profile 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 Energy Use (kwh) Solar Output (kwh) 5,000 - JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 54 of 67

55 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Electric Meter The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development highlighted in blue with individual modules in dark blue. The layout above is a 190 kw ground-mount array on open land. This area is mowed regularly and well maintained and no significant site prep will be required. The energy yield for the proposed solar array is 1,224 kwh/kw per year. If a community solar array is installed, there is a significant amount of available space south of the array location shown above. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 55 of 67

56 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Just east of main building Standard ground mount Solar Array Utility Considerations The electrical service is 200A, 208V 3-phase. The drop from National Grid is on site, there is a pole mounted transformer (the shadow of the pole is visible in the layout on the previous page). The meter is located on the north wall of the main building as labeled. The main service is located just inside the building. There is room for the solar inverter and other equipment outside near the meter. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be upwards of 190 kw and the peak demand on site is only around 15 kw. This site is also designed to serve as a host site for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, if excess credits are still remaining, they are directed to other accounts owned by the Town. For community solar, these excess credits are allocated to subscribers. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. In either case, a service upgrade will be required as the existing utility drop is not sized to handle the PV system capacity. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments None Med None Low Low The ground seems suitable for solar, no issues are anticipated. The field is regularly mowed and well maintained so there will not be significant site prep required. The terrain does slope slightly to the south-southeast, though the slope is minimal in the area shown. There are no shading concerns. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed and may be problematic. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 56 of 67

57 Site Photos Array area looking south. Main building just visible at right. Utility drop and meter # Utility drop from 3 phase distribution line with pole mounted transformer. There is space for the inverter outside near the meter in this area. Main electrical service Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 57 of 67

58 Cicero Landfill Site Overview Address: 6540 State Rt. 31, Cicero, NY Utility Provider and Tariff: no service to this site (National Grid provides service in this area) Electricity Supplier: n/a (Town s accounts are supplied by National Grid Supply Service) Annual Energy Usage: 0 kwh at landfill, total usage on Town meters is 1,321,281 kwh/yr Monthly Demand Peak: n/a PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 1,065 kw recommended for RNM. Space for >2,000 kw if CDG pursued. 1,321,880 kwh/yr 100% of total municipal usage including outdoor lighting accounts PV System Summary This site is a closed landfill (closed in the 1980 s) with space to install enough solar to offset all of the Town s municipal electric consumption. The landfill is designed to be a remote net metering host site, which means energy produced here will be virtually distributed to other Town accounts. The recommended size of 1,065 kw is enough to offset 100% of Cicero municipal electric consumption including street lighting. Total Town usage (facilities) Town Electric Consumption Summary Total Town usage (street lighting) Total Town usage 359,138 kwh/yr 962,143 kwh/yr = 1,321,281 kwh/yr The primary hurdles for this site will be environmental approval, interconnection approval, and AC wiring. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain; other similar landfills have received approval to install PV arrays in New York. Interconnection approval is less certain, as National Grid will need to determine whether the distribution line that supplies this area can handle potential backfeed from an 1,065 kw PV system. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. The best interconnection location is to be determined. There is no electric service at the landfill currently, and Fergerson Road, which runs along the west side of the landfill and is the access point, has only a single phase distribution line. There is a Town facility, Central Park, about 1,500 ft north of the landfill. There are four electric meters at the Park served by the 3 phase distribution line that runs along State Route 31, and any of these could be the target meter or a new connection could be established at this location. The AC wiring run back up to State Route 31, however, would be a challenge due to its length and the waterlogged areas in between. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 58 of 67

59 The Town is also interested in hosting community solar at this location, in which case the array could be expanded in size to over 2,000 kw, though steeper topography would have to be utilized to reach this size. Proposed Solar PV Design Layout To Central Park (900 ft) and State Route 31 (1,900 ft) Access from Fergerson Road The layout above shows the footprint required for an 1,065 kw ground mount PV array. The energy yield for the proposed array is 1,241 kwh/kw per year. If CDG is pursued there is room to expand the array going south, though this will encroach on the steeper portions of the landfill cap. This site is a closed landfill (closed in the 1980 s). The grass is mowed by the Highway Department a couple times per year. Vegetation growth is relatively in control, though some mowing and minor clearing will be required prior to installation. The vents are very sparsely located and will not present an obstacle to the array. The topography slopes downhill from the center of the landfill, though the slope has mostly leveled out in the array area shown above. The ground does slope north near the southern portion of the array area. There are a couple key issues to consider for this installation: Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 59 of 67

60 1) New York s State Environmental Quality Review Act (SEQR) requires the analysis and disclosure of environmental impacts of proposed projects. The array will need to use ballasted racking to avoid penetrating the landfill cap. 2) The best interconnection point has not yet been determined. There is no electric service to the site currently. The closest distribution line is a single phase line along Fergerson Road. The nearest three phase line is along State Route 31, about 1,900 ft north of the array. The Town does own all the land between the landfill and the Park so right-of-way should not be an obstacle, however there is a pond between the landfill and Park. There is standing water there year-round, which is fed by a creek that runs along the east side of the landfill. If interconnection must be made at State Route 31, the AC wiring run will be a challenge. Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Landfill Ballasted ground mount ,065 Solar Array Utility Considerations There are four electric accounts at Central Park, one of which could serve as a potential interconnection point, or a new connection point could be established at the Park. The existing meters are smaller services, 200A or less, and so would need to be upgraded regardless. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be upwards of 1,065 kw and the peak demand on site is very low kw. This site is designed to serve as a host site for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, if excess credits are still remaining, they are directed to other accounts owned by the Town. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments Low High None Med Med The ground condition seems suitable for solar. The array will have to be ballasted to avoid penetrating the cap. There are no major shading concerns, a sufficient setback can be maintained from the perimeter trees. Environmental approval will be required. Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. A new utility drop will have to be provided at whatever interconnection point is deemed best. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 60 of 67

61 Site Photos Looking north at array location Looking northeast at array location Looking east at array location Looking west toward Fergerson Rd access point Landfill access point Looking north along Fergerson Rd Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 61 of 67

62 Single phase distribution line along Fergerson Road Three phase line along State Route 31, with Fergerson Road branch shown. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 62 of 67

63 Union Springs Water Works Site Overview Address: Utility Provider and Tariff: Electricity Supplier: Annual Energy Usage: Monthly Demand Peak: PV System Overview System Size: Expected Output in Year 1: Electricity Offset: 230 Cayuga St, Union Springs, NY NYSEG, SC2 Unknown 335,360 kwh at this site. 667,557 kwh on all Village accounts. Unknown 528 kw is the recommended size to offset all Village usage. Up to 1,600 kw possible if pursuing CDG 658,789 kwh/yr 196% this site, 99% community-wide PV System Summary This site is open land hosting 2 pumps and well heads along with a stripper for the Village water system. This site could be used as either a host site for remote net metering or as a host site for a community solar array. Scenario 1 Remote Net Metering Host Under remote net metering, all output from the PV array is first used to offset usage on the host meter. NYSEG will then distribute excess credits to other Village electric accounts. If used as a remote net metering host, the target system size would be 528 kw which is sufficient to offset 100% of eligible Village electric consumption. Village consumption is summarized below: Account Tariff Type Annual Usage (kwy/yr) Water Works Facility demand 335,360 Water Treatment Plant demand 236,250 Other Facilities non-demand 25,561 Street lighting lighting 70,386 TOTAL 667,557 Scenario 2 Community DG Host This site could also serve as a host for a Community DG aka Shared Solar array. In this scenario, a system of up to 1,600 kw DC could be installed. This is an estimate of the usable space available on this site, though a more detailed system design may arrive at a smaller or larger number. Any electric consumers in the Village and surrounding areas would be able to subscribe to a portion of output from the array and receive credits on their electric bill. The Village itself would be eligible to subscribe to up to 40% of the total array output, though only 528 kw would be needed as described above. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 63 of 67

64 It is outside the scope of this report to cover the Community DG program in detail, though more information could be found here: General Considerations for Either Scenario Technical The PV array will most likely connect to the three phase power line running along Dunning Ave to the east of the parcel. The distance to the street is approximately 800 ft from the NE corner of the array footprint. There is a creek along the road which would have to be crossed. The primary considerations for this site will be environmental approval and interconnection approval. Environmental approval should not be difficult to obtain since this does not seem to be an ecologically sensitive parcel. Interconnection approval is less certain, as NYSEG will need to determine whether the distribution line along Caygua St can handle potential backfeed from a large PV system. An interconnection application will need to be submitted to receive this determination. It is possible that only a smaller system size would be approved and that grid upgrades would be required. The costs for grid upgrades would be the responsibility of the Village (typically included in the project development costs). Energy Use and Solar Generation Profile 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 Energy Use (kwh) Solar Output (kwh) 20,000 10,000 - JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 64 of 67

65 Proposed Solar PV Design Layout Pump house, electric meter, main service Last NYSEG pole and transformers The layout above shows viable areas for solar PV project development highlighted in blue. The first shows the footprint required for 528 kw under a remote net metering scenario, while the second shows a 1,600 kw array which is close to a maximum fill and could be used for community solar. The energy yield for the proposed configuration is 1,246 kwh/kw per year. The land is relatively free of trees and little to no tree removal should be required. The terrain does slope east to west at around 3 degrees, and also rolls in the north-south direction at a pitch of up to 5 degrees. The ground condition is suitable for solar. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 65 of 67

66 Solar Array Technical Specifications Sub-array Location Description Azimuth Tilt System Size (kw-dc) Water works site Standard ground mount Solar Array Utility Considerations The main electric service is 200A, 480/277V 3-phase. The NYSEG distribution line terminates adjacent to the pump house (as labeled on the previous page), and three pole mounted transformers serve the facility. There is plenty of room for the solar inverter and other equipment outside adjacent to the pump house. This site will be heavily dependent on net metering as the solar capacity will be upwards of 528 kw and the average demand on site is significantly lower. This site is also designed to serve as a host site for remote net metering. This means the array will produce more energy than is consumed on site. Under remote net metering, all solar output each month will first be used to offset the usage charges on the host electric bill. Any excess credits are then converted to a dollar value and used to offset demand and billing charges on the host bill. Finally, if excess credits are still remaining, they are directed to other accounts owned by the Village. Due to being oversized, this array will be subject to interconnection approval from the utility and may not be approved at the full size proposed herein. An interconnection application has not been filed for this site. In either case, a service upgrade will be required as the existing utility drop is not sized to handle the output from an array of this size. Technical Assessment Summary Shading Electrical Structural Geotech. Enviro. Comments Low Med None Low Low Ground condition is suitable for solar, though terrain does slope toward the road and roll north to south, with slopes up to 5 degrees. Shading concerns are minimal, though the trees are owned by the Village and could be removed if necessary Interconnection approval of the recommended size is not guaranteed. In either case, the main service will need to be upgraded to accommodate a 528 kw PV array. Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 66 of 67

67 Site Photos Looking west from southeast corner of property Looking north from southeast corner of property Looking north at well head 1 from pump house Service drop from NYSEG with 3 pole mounted transformers, adjacent to pump house Silicon Valley Washington DC Chicago Beijing Page 67 of 67