Application of a Li-Ion battery in the frequency containment reserve market

Transcription

1 Application of a Li-Ion battery in the frequency containment reserve market QualyGridS Symposium, July 6th 2017 Dr. Marina González Vayá, Smart Grid Specialist, EKZ Technology Management

2 EKZ 1 MW BESS Project Joint project with ABB Goal: Gain experience with this technology by testing different applications Timeline Start Engineering Mid March 2012 Commissioning June 2014 prequalification for primary frequency control First non-hydro unit in CH Fist standalone battery in Europe without additional backup from generator 2

3 The Zurich 1 MW BESS Battery Container Transformer Coupling Transformer Inverter 1 MVA 3

4 System Components Battery modules Battery container Inverter SCADA 4

5 Key properties Property Value Notes Power 1 MW charging and discharging - installed power 1.1 MW - Peak power 15 min >1.3 MW Capacity 580 kwh MW System Integrator Battery Manufacturer Cell Type ABB LG Chem Li-Ion Number of Cells Lifetime Cycles 2 Cycles/day, 250 kwh System Costs 2 ~2 Mio EUR ~500k Battery 1 Warranty, real lifetime most likely higher. 2 Reflecting costs of procurement in 2011, incl. development costs of ABB and EKZ. 5

6 Applications for battery energy storage systems (BESS) Islanded operation Voltage control BESS Peak load management Increasing PV selfconsumption Frequency regulation Virtual Power Plant 6

7 Frequency control in ENTSO-E Continental Europe Energy/Power ratio Time to activation Quelle: swissgrid. 7

8 Provision of primary frequency control 1 MW Power plant 1 MW BESS +0.5 MW -0.5 MW positive negative positive negative charge +1 MW discharge -1 MW Decentralized control, based on locally measured frequency BESS provides twice the flexibility of an equivalent power plant (decoupling of energy and power) Active state of charge management to ensure permanent availability 8

9 Ramping times for different technologies Ramping capability EKZ BESS: 2 MW in 40 ms, 50 MW/s p.u. change in power per second p.u. / s Kohlekraftwerk Kernkraftwerk GuD Gaskraftwerk Pumpspeicher Batteriespeicher 9

10 Smart working point adjustment to control State of Charge Measurements from real life operation Source: Jonas Schmutz, semester thesis, Power Systems Laboratory, ETH Zürich,

11 Smart working point Moving average (meas.) 900 = + = 1 Time [hh:mm] 11

12 Frequency reserves with the Zurich 1 MW BESS Outage of a Swiss nuclear power plant of 1 GW at 04:46 am UCT 12

13 BESS fast response improves the performance of primary frequency control Simulated frequency response of the Continental European interconnection to a major power fault for different levels of inertia H and time constant of primary response t. Load: 330 GW, fault: 3 GW Source: Koller et al. in Cigré

14 SoC range during primary frequency control operation State of Charge (SoC) recharging algorithm kept SoC between 40.2% and 75.7% at all times (580 kwh storage capacity) 14

15 Reserve requirements and market structure for primary reserves since January 2017 Total market size: ~1400 MW (of total 3000 MW in ENTSO-E CE) NL: 74 MW BE: 47 MW DE: 603 MW FR: 561 MW CH: 68 MW AT: 62 MW 15

16 Price evolution for primary frequency control in Germany DACH + NL + BE + FR 16

17 Capacity requirements for batteries providing primary frequency control ENTSO-E new network code: ability to fully activate PCR for minutes continuously (to be defined by each TSO) Current German TSOs rules for units with limited energy reservoirs lead to capacity requirements 8x higher than technically needed PCR usage requirements EKZ BESS control strategy Intra-day market Normal PCR usage 220 kwh 640 kwh Normal PCR usage + ±15 minutes full activation requirement Normal PCR + ±30 minutes full activation requirement 720 kwh 1140 kwh 1220 kwh 1640 kwh Source: Koller et al. in Cigré

18 Concept under evaluation: BESS and other flexible units jointly providing secondary frequency control as Virtual Power Plant Hospital Industry Incineration plant Aggregate Flexibility Utility scale battery Stabilize network Residential PV + battery system 18

19 Conclusions Battery energy storage can provide primary frequency control with higher speed and accuracy than conventional units currently providing this service Regulation needs to carefully weight cost-benefit to avoid setting overly restrictive rules for energy storage Combining the capabilities of different technologies within a virtual power plant offers new opportunities for the provision of a diverse portfolio of ancillary services 19

20 Thank you Dr. Marina González Vayá Smart Grid Specialist 20