i-pcgrid Workshop 2018 Innovations in Protection & Control for Greater Reliability Infrastructure Development

Transcription

1 i-pcgrid Workshop 2018 Innovations in Protection & Control for Greater Reliability Infrastructure Development Industry Trends & Innovation Damir Novosel Quanta Technology President IEEE PES Past President Jonathan Sykes PG&E Protection Manager 1

2 If Edison and Tesla came back ACSR ACCC 2

3 If Edison and Tesla came back, 1891: First successful electric car 1904: ~1/3 of the cars were electrical (photo source: Smithsonian) What if all Urban Fleets were Electric? Vehicle to Grid Truck Control Uber FLYING EVs 3

4 Leading Cities for EV Back to the Future Marty McFly: This is heavy duty, Doc. This is great. Uh, does it run, like, on regular unleaded gasoline? Dr. Brown: Unfortunately, no. It requires something with a little more kick. Plutonium. Marty McFly: Um, plutonium. Wait a minute. Are...Are you telling me that this sucker is NUCLEAR? Dr. Brown: No, no, no, no, no, this sucker's electrical, but I need a nuclear reaction to generate the 1.21 gigawatts of electricity I need. 4 CITY Electric Rate TOU Rate D State EV Rebate HOV Access Public Charging Private Charging San Diego $ $0.19 $2,500 Y City incentives Los Angeles $0.21 $0.14 $2,500 Y Loans and rebates ~12,000 in CA Express Permit San Francisco $0.18 $0.06 $2,500 Y Loans and rebates Atlanta $0.06 $0.01 $5,000 Y ~1,600 in GA Streamlined Permitting Seattle $0.13 N Sales tax exemption N ~1,700 in WA Utility incentives Expedited Permitting 4

5 Reaching California RPS Targets California Senate Bill % renewable energy by % by % by % reached in 2016 How should those targets be reached? DER vs. Utility grade? In state vs. Out of state? Role of storage? 2016 WECC Paths above 75% of its Operating Limit 2016 WECC Nameplate Capacity (MW) 2015 WECC Net Generation by Fuel Type 5

6 Renewables Integration Challenges Renewables Inverters No Inertia! + Low Fault Currents Less Inertia Things Happen Faster Increased AGC and visibility needs Variability = forecasting errors = increased scheduling/dispatch costs Southern California Solar Resource Loss, Aug Low fault currents & dynamic system changes requiring adaptive protection T&D planning studies and operations accurate system modeling Realizing cost benefits of energy storage Etc. Source: Bob Cummings, NERC 6

7 Grid of the Future? Need for Grid Modernization with DER? How to value Grid in the presence of renewables? Why was Grid originally connected? Costeffectiveness Reliability Safety What is the optimal generation mix reliability and resiliency needs? How to optimize value of storage and DER? Distribution Markets DSO? Need for regulatory constructs to address transition from traditional cost ofservice revenue to new revenue models and incentives? Role of utilities? What are optimal measures for managing assets: hardening, reliability, CIP? EU: 26.9 c/kwh US: 10.4 c/kwh Source: Data From Energy Information Administration 7

8 What US Utilities are Doing on Grid Modernization Most active US states by number of actions taken (Q3 2017) Source: IEEE Power and Energy Magazine and NC Clean Energy Technology Center Q Quarterly Report 8

9 Grid Modernization Program Overall process Initiation Assessment Business Case Detailed Design Execution Stakeholder team Drivers & trends Objectives customer & company Roadmap Building blocks RACI matrix Status quo and desired end state Required investment Cost benefit analysis Risks Implementation plan Policy & regulatory strategy Functional requirements Systems specifications Integration planning Project definition Organization & process Funding Project initiation Regulatory filing (potential) Phase 1 Phase 2 9

10 Storage Application Buckets Storage is a New Asset Class G Bucket Market Products: Ancillary Services regulation, spinning reserve, voltage management, blackstart T&D Bucket Asset deferral, reliability, DER integration, congestion mgmt., power quality, C Bucket PV Integration, Backup, DSM, resiliency Supply & Demand Bucket Buffering variable inventory to achieve balance across different times and locations Transportation Bucket Charging infrastructure of Busses, Trains, Cars/Trucks Regulation key to monetization of all possible benefits 10

11 Utility Scale Storage Applications Transmission Regional: Reliability, Market Efficiency (N 1 Congestion Relief) Local: Reliability Capacity, Peak Shaving Resiliency: Black Start Renewable Integration (T&D) Transient Instability Generation Peaker Plant Solar/Wind/GT + Storage Ancillary Services Interconnection Edison Nickle Iron Cell Tesla 80 MWH Case Study in MISO 69kV network serving 25MW load Thermal and Voltage violations during peak Conventional Solution: $33M Battery 2.5MW/24MWh: $22M Lifetime Cost ($12M battery cost) 11

12 Distribution Storage Applications Capacity deferral Centralized at station or first overhead section Distributed multiple batteries along a feeder Value of reduced wholesale energy costs due to implicit time arbitrage from peak shaving Integration of DER Voltage Control Intermittency Control Backfeed Prevention Local Reliability & Resiliency Centralized Distributed 12

13 Study Methodology Wire vs. Non-Wire Planning Screening Phase Techno Detailed Siting Economic & Sizing Study Study Prelim Siting & Sizing Conventional Solutions Cost Estimates Scoring Matrix Recommendations Optimized Siting Optimized Sizing System Impacts Interconnection Benefit/Cost Recommendation Storage Lifecycle Cost Regulated Customer Cost Levelized Real Cost Investment KPIs Engineering Protection & Controls System Engineering Vendor RFI/RFP EMS/BMS Controls Inverter Controls Protection Coordination Real-Time Simulator Reactive Coordination Transients Harmonics Market Survey Functional Spec Design Spec 13

14 HISTORY Gas Lamps 1800s Light Towers 1881 San Jose Public

15 First Digital Line Relay Prodar 70 developed Westinghouse P2000 computer. Xerox 16-bit analog to digital converter. Approx. 12 samples per cycle Teletype and paper tape interfaces. Inverter dc supply. 128 kb magnetic core memory. Typical data load 7 microseconds. Public

16 New Communication Strategies Proven Technology Gas DWDM MPLS Corp. Security How Carriers Keep Different Customer Accounts Separate Only Way to Move from One Network to Another is Through Firewalls at Data Centers Ability to Add More Networks as Needed ODN Electric UDN Enables Growth Increases Stability Generation Quality of Service Per Network Public

17 Future Grid Roadmap Demand For Electricity and T&D Will Increase Population growth Electrical Transportation, fuel transformation, etc. More Resilient, Safe, Reliable, & Efficient Grid Innovations in technology and processes Need for clear & balanced regulatory policies, e.g. removing barriers to combine reliability and market applications of DER and storage Electricity Value Seen Beyond Commodity More choices, digital age reliability, comfort value Societal and Economic goals to meet sustainability and support of growing economy Key for Smarter Grid: educated workforce, developing & applying standards, and sharing global best practices 17

18 Thank You! 18