Applications to Power Systems

Transcription

1 Applications to Power Systems Group 1 Bo DelGaicco Bo Allen Curtis Hand Jesse Roberts

2 History of Power Systems 1881 First power system at Godalming in England Powered by 2 waterwheels and produced alternating current that supplied 11 arc lamps at 250 volts and 34 incandescent lamps at 40 volts Edison Electric Light Company developed the first steam powered electric power station in New York. Powered around 3,000 lamps of 59 customers using direct current and operated at a single voltage.

3 What is a Power System? An Electric Power System is a network of electrical components used to supply, transmit and use electric power. Example: An electric power system is the network that supplies a region's homes and industries with power.

4 How Semiconductor Electronics apply to Power Systems In the standard use of semiconductor electronics, transistors are used as amplifiers In Power Systems transistors are used as switches Diodes and thyristors are also semiconductor switches

5 Different Types of Power Systems Residential Power Systems Commercial Power Systems Solar Power Systems Wind Power Systems Electronic Power Systems Hydroelectric Power Systems And Many More

6 History of Integration of Semiconductor Electronics to Power Systems the mercury arc rectifier was used to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC) invented by Peter Cooper Hewitt 1950s -- semiconductor power diodes became available and started replacing vacuum tubes the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) was introduced by General Electric, greatly increasing the range of power electronics applications 1960s -- the switching speed of BJTs allowed for high frequency DC/DC converters the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) was introduced.

7 Residential Power Systems

8 Residential Power Systems Residential dwellings almost always take supply from the low voltage distribution lines or cables that run past the dwelling. These operate at voltages of between 110 and 260 volts depending upon national standards. Most circuits are to be fused with an appropriate fuse based upon the wire size used for that circuit. Circuits have both an active and neutral wire with both the lighting and power sockets being connected in parallel. Sockets also are to be provided with a protective earth.

9 Household Power Electronics Power electronics are commonly used in household power systems Wall Wart converters are used to go from 120 AC to 12 or 8 volt DC Computers use AC to DC converters to step from the wall voltage to the necessary wattage HVAC systems commonly incorporate electronic controls

10 Commercial Power Systems

11 Commercial Power Systems Electrical designs for larger commercial systems are usually studied for load flow, short-circuit fault levels, and voltage drop for steady-state loads and during starting of large motors. Large commercial installations will have an orderly system of sub-panels, separate from the main distribution board to allow for better system protection and more efficient electrical installation.

12 Solar Power Systems

13 Solar Power Systems Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

14 Semiconductor uses in Solar Cell Solar cells work by allowing silicon to absorb photons and releasing electrons The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954 During the energy crisis in the 1970s, photovoltaic technology gained recognition as a source of power for non-space applications

15 QUESTIONS

16 VIDEO Solar Video: