EE 353 Power Electronics

Transcription

1 EE 353 Power Electronics WS 1999 B. Chowdhury 1

2 Definition Power electronics Power Generation Transmission Distribution Electronics Solid state devices circuits signal processing Control Steady-state and dynamic charac of closed loop systems B. Chowdhury 2

3 Power Electronics Systems Changes any electrical power input to any desired form of voltage, current and frequency output Power input Power Processing Unit Power output Load Controller reference B. Chowdhury 3

4 Power Processor Example B. Chowdhury 4

5 Power Processor Eqvt. Ckt. B. Chowdhury 5

6 Waveforms Vd B. Chowdhury 6

7 Converters B. Chowdhury 7

8 Converters, cont d B. Chowdhury 8

9 Converters, cont d B. Chowdhury 9

10 Converter Control Schematic Example ADSP A/D channels Voltage and current signals 6 I l >I r comparator outputs Optical outputs to 24 gate drivers (6 PLMs) 6 Tsw, 6 bits indicating I load > I th FPGA Voltages (4 AC, 2 DC) PWM generator 24 gate drive commands Logic Circuit for sequencing Currents (6 filter, 6 resonant) 6-bits (I load ) 6-bits (I l -I r ) From: Ravisekhar Raju PEBB-Based Converter, Si Power Corp. DSP Board DSP Board Daughter Daughter Board Board B. Chowdhury 10

11 Brief History Mercury arc rectifier Silicon transistor (Bell Labs) Silicon Controlled Rectifier (Bell) Thyristor (General Electric) B. Chowdhury 11

12 History B. Chowdhury 12

13 The Second Revolution B. Chowdhury 13

14 Power Semiconductor devices The muscle for power electronic equipment Power diodes Thyristors Power bipolar junction transistor (BJT) Power MOSFET IGBT Static induction transistor MCT, GTO, MTO B. Chowdhury 14

15 Device Ratings B. Chowdhury 15

16 B. Chowdhury 16

17 Power Electronics Applications Transportation Industry Electric Vehicles Electric Locomotives Electric Trucks, Buses, Construction Vehicles Utilities Line Transformers Generating Systems Manufacturing Machinery Power Systems Consumers Air Conditioners/Heat Pumps Appliance Medical Equipment Government Naval Systems Ship Power Systems New Surface Ship Power Electronics New Submarine Power Electronics Aviation Systems "More Electric" Aircraft Land Based Systems "All Electric Tank" "All Electric Armored personnel Carrier" B. Chowdhury 17

18 Specific Applications POWER SYSTEM APPLICATIONS Intelligent Machinery Controls & Network Simulation Solid State Power Conditioning & Circuit Protection Motors, Generators, & Motor Drives Actuators and Actuator Drives Energy Storage Pulse Power Systems Power Conversion - inverters for renewables, HVDC FACTS devices CONTROL APPLICATIONS Frequency Changes Motor Controllers Adjustable Speed Drives Inverters Rectifiers Converters Power Supplies Battery Chargers Switch Gear Breakers B. Chowdhury 18

19 Conventional vs EV Engine Drive - train Conventional IC Engine Powertrain Battery Bank Power Controller ~ From: Chrysler presentation on Hybrid Electric Vehicles Electric Vehicle Powertrain B. Chowdhury 19

20 More Electric Aircraft - USAF B. Chowdhury 20

21 Shipboard Power System - USNavy Size and cost SCR 1960 s BJT 1970 s SCR 1990 s MCT 60 Hz 70 Hz B. Chowdhury 21

22 Submarine Power System - USNavy B. Chowdhury 22

23 "All Electric Armored personnel Carrier - USARMY B. Chowdhury 23

24 Power Electronic Building Blocks - ONR B. Chowdhury 24

25 PEBB-Based Power System DC/AC Power Gen Filter AC/DC 3-Ph 60 Hz Power Supply DC/DC AC/DC Rect.& Filter Power Gen Filter Load DC/AC DC Power Distribution Bus Filter Motor From: Fred. C. Lee, Dusan Borojevic B. Chowdhury Power Electronics Building Blocks, VPI 25

26 Applications in Power Transmission B. Chowdhury 26

27 Application - HVDC Transmission B. Chowdhury 27

28 Application - Back-to-Back Tie B. Chowdhury 28

29 Thyristor-Controlled Series Comp. B. Chowdhury 29

30 Gate Turn-Off Thyristor Input Power Turn-on Power Supply Turn-on Driver Holding Power Supply Holding Driver Turn-off Power Supply Turn-off Driver Logic Power Supply Logic Circuits ON/OFF Command Status Feedback From: R.W. De Doncker High Power Electronic Building Blocks (HPEBBs), Si Power Corp. (SPCO) B. Chowdhury 30

31 New Devices/Materials dry interface Gate driver GTO thyristor MTO TM thyristor Gate driver Cathode GTO Gate Anode N + Aluminum N + P N P + Molybdimum Al Wirebonds MOSFET MOSFET Gate Tungsten MTO devices use same manufacturing technology as GTOs MTO devices reach same ratings as GTOs but offer lower turn-off losses From: R.W. De Doncker High Power Electronic Building Blocks (HPEBBs), Si Power Corp. (SPCO) B. Chowdhury 31

32 New Devices/Materials 53mm 4.5 kv MTOs MTO gate drivers From: Ravisekhar Raju PEBB-Based Converter, Si Power Corp. B. Chowdhury 32

33 New Devices/Materials Innovative silicon concepts and newly identified non-silicon materials, including silicon carbide (SiC), diamond, and Group III nitrides, promise new generations of electronic devices operational at much higher voltages and switching frequencies, resulting in high-power systems with lower cost, greater reliability, and reduced size, weight, and cooling needs. The market for high-power electronics is worth billions over the next decade. B. Chowdhury 33

34 Gate Driver for IGBT Modules +15V FLT Optical Fiber MC V IGBT Module PWM -5V V - DC/DC DC/DC -5V +15V -5V Optical Fiber Used DC Distributed Power Supply High Current Output Stage: >5A Desaturation Protection Low Component Count B. Chowdhury 34

35 Gate Driver Mounted On IGBT Module Optical Fiber Gate Driver +12V DC IGBT Module B. Chowdhury 35

36 Switched Reluctance Motor The switched reluctance motor is diagrammed as a simplified eight-pole stator and a six-pole rotor machine. Torque is developed by the tendency of a magnetic circuit to adopt a configuration of minimum reluctance (to maximize the magnetic flux). This tendency translates into a rotation of the rotor so that its poles align with the stator's poles. These pole pairs are in turn energized sequentially from a dc source through electronic switches, thereby creating the rotating torque. B. Chowdhury 36

37 Selected Companies Vicor Corp., Andover, Mass. Delco Electronics, Torrance, Calif. Harris Semiconductor Corp., Mountaintop, PA Halmar Robicon, Pittsburgh ABB Siemens AG Motorola Inc. Semiconductor Products, Phoenix, Ariz. International Rectifier Corp., El Segundo, CA GE Westinghouse Toshiba America Electronic Components Inc., Irvine, CA B. Chowdhury 37

38 Companies, cont d Mitsubishi Electric Corp. Powerex Emerson Motor Co., St Louis, MO Magna Physics Division of Tridelta Industries Inc., Mentor, OH Cutler-Hammer, Milwaukee, WI IBM Silicon Power Corp. Northrup-Grumman Corp. Analog Devices, Norwood, MA Allen-Bradley B. Chowdhury 38