King Industries, Inc. Lubricant Additives Division

Transcription

1 King Industries, Inc. Lubricant Additives Division Specialty Additives and Synthetic Base Oils for Industrial & Automotive Lubricants, Greases, Metalworking Fluids and Rust Preventives KR Series Alkylated Naphthalene Synthetic Basestocks ADTC Ashless Dialkyldithiocarbamate AO Series Antioxidants AW Series Antiwear Additives EP Series Extreme Pressure Additives K-CORR G Series Specialty Additives for Grease NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors K-CORR Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors BL Series Additive Blends & Packages Performance Products Backed By Unsurpassed Technical Service

2 King Industries, Inc. Lubricant Additives Division King Industries offers a broad range of products for use in formulating high performance industrial and automotive lubricants, greases, metalworking fluids, and rust preventives. King s product lines include: Synthetic Base Oils & Base Oil Modifiers KR Series - Alkylated Naphthalene Base Oils and Base Oil Modifiers: The KR Series represents the industry s broadest range of alkylated naphthalene synthetic basestocks. With decades of experience in alkylation, King offers a diverse range of products with viscosities from 22 cst to 190 cst (40 C). Specialty Additives EP 5000 Series - Extreme Pressure Additives: A series of light-colored, low odor sulfurized fatty acid esters/triglycerides, and sulfurized olefins/ triglycerides for industrial and automotive lubricants, greases, and metalworking fluids. When used in combination with ash-containing or ashless phosphorus-type antiwear and lubricity additives, these additives are outstanding alternatives to chlorinated paraffins in metalworking fluids. AW 6000 Series - Antiwear Additives: These additives are based on amine salts of phosphoric acid and dithiophosphoric acid derivatives. Some of these additives are formulated with other components, offering synergistic antiwear, extreme pressure, and rust and corrosion protection. ADTC - Ashless Dialkyldithiocarbamate: A multifunctional additive offering extreme pressure, antioxidant, and antiwear properties when used in industrial and automotive lubricants and greases. AO - Primary Antioxidants: Phenolic and aminic antioxidants that are effective stabilizers for a broad range of industrial and automotive lubricants and greases. All products are ashless and non-corrosive, and offer excellent solubility in petroleum and synthetic base oils. NA-SUL - Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors: A broad range of high performance rust and corrosion inhibitors based on dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid. They are supplied as metal or ashless salts in a variety of liquid and solid diluents. Applications include industrial and automotive lubricants, greases, metalworking fluids, and rust preventives. K-CORR - Rust and Corrosion Inhibitors: Non-sulfonate rust and corrosion inhibitors that are effective in a broad range of industrial and automotive lubricants, greases, and rust preventives. K-CORR inhibitors have demonstrated synergistic performance with select antiwear/extreme pressure additives. K-CORR G Series - Rust Inhibitor Systems for Grease: The K-CORR G Series was specifically designed for greases subjected to severe conditions and offers excellent rust protection and enhanced AW/EP properties. BL - Blends - Multifunctional Additive Packages: Several specialized additive blends offering an alternative to individual component formulations. A complete overview of product offerings including new developmental products as well as technical and application brochures can be found at King s website:

3 Table of Contents Introduction/King Industries Page 2 KR Series - Alkylated Naphthalenes Page 3 AW Series - Antiwear Additives Page 7 AO Series - Primary Antioxidants Page 12 ADTC - Ashless Dialkyldithiocarbamate Page 14 EP Series - Extreme Pressure Additives Page 15 NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors Page 19 King Product and Application Chart Centerfold K-CORR Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors Page 32 K-CORR G Series - Rust Inhibitor Systems for Grease Page 35 HX-1 Registered Products Page 38 Blends Page 41 Technical Support Page 49 KING FACILITIES USA World Headquarters King Industries, Inc. Science Road Norwalk, CT Phone: Fax: lad@kingindustries.com EUROPE Technical Sales Office King Industries International, Inc. Noordkade EZ Waddinxveen The Netherlands Phone: Fax: dgartz@kingindustries.com ASIA/PACIFIC Technical Service Lab Dr. Zhiqiang He Synlico Tech (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. 106 Chuangye Building, Kang Le Ave. Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, China Phone: Fax: alex.he@kingindustries.com King Industries Our passion has always been to provide innovative additive technology and value-added customized solutions to our customers worldwide. - Richard S. King, President For close to eight decades, King Industries has been owned and operated by the King family in Norwalk, Connecticut. In the 1940 s, R. Gardner King and associate George Thielcke pioneered the development of a unique chemical, dinonlynaphthalenesulfonic acid, the salts of which exhibited excellent rust inhibiting properties. Since then, NA-SUL sulfonate technology has been unsurpassed with respect to rust and corrosion inhibition and demulsification properties in high-tech lubricants and greases. In the mid-1990 s, King Industries expanded its product offerings with the development of -CORR non-sulfonate rust and corrosion inhibitor technology and an extensive product portfolio consisting of extreme pressure, antiwear, and antioxidant additives, as well as alkylated naphthalene base oils and multifunctional/synergistic blends. K By offering comprehensive solutions to lubricant problems and a growing portfolio of the most advanced additive technologies, King Industries strives to provide its worldwide customers with the ability to formulate the most cost-effective premium products in the marketplace. King Industries, Inc is proud to be: ISO 9001, and Certified

4 KR Series - Alkylated Naphthalenes Synthetic Base Oils and Base Oil Modifiers KR-Series - Alkylated Naphthalenes For over 50 years, King has been a leader in the alkylation of naphthalenes, and today King is the producer of the world s broadest line of alkylated naphthalene synthetic fluids. Designated the NA -LUBE KR Series, these products are the ideal choice for use as base stocks to meet the industry s highest performance standards where high temperatures degrade petroleum based products or as modifiers for non-polar base stocks, such as Group II oils, Group III oils, and PAO s. Whether working to develop an innovative new product or to improve an existing product, the KR Series can help formulators meet today s ever-increasing demands placed on lubricants. This includes three new NSF HX-1 registered products that meet the requirements for incidental food contact as prescribed by FDA 21 CFR KR-006FG, KR-015FG and KR-029FG. KR alkylated naphthalenes provide superior thermo-oxidative stability, excellent hydrolytic stability, and greater film thickness compared to alternative base fluids (see comparison table below). In addition, the non-polar nature of the KR products makes them superior to other synthetic fluids in that there is no surface competition with additives. PROPERTY KR Series PAO Esters Mineral Oils (Group II & III) Thermo-Oxidative Stability Excellent Good Good to Excellent Good Thermal Stability Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Hydrolytic Stability Excellent Excellent Good Excellent Seal Swell Good to Excellent Poor Excellent Poor Viscosity Index Good Excellent Excellent Good to Excellent Additive Solubility Good to Excellent Poor Excellent Poor Film Thickness Excellent Good Good Fair KR Series Products - Typical Properties 40 C ASTM D C ASTM D 445 Viscosity Index Calculated Aniline Point ASTM D 611 Noack Volatility CEC L40 Pour Point ASTM D 97 Flash Point ASTM D 92 KR-007A 21.8 cst 3.8 cst C 39% <-48 C 206 C KR cst 5.6 cst C 11.5% -33 C 236 C KR cst 13.5 cst C 2.2% -39 C 260 C KR cst 18.7 cst C 1.4% -26 C 285 C KR cst 19.6 cst 118 NA <1.0% -21 C 310 C KR-006FG 36 cst 5.6 cst C 8% -33 C 236 C KR-015FG 124 cst 13.1 cst C 2.2% -47 C 260 C KR-029FG 174 cst 17.5 cst C 1.4% -26 C 290 C

5 Applications and Product Customization As can be seen from the Typical Properties Chart, King Industries offers a range of products with diverse viscosity and polarity (aniline point) that leads to their use in a multitude of applications. Ranging from low viscosity for automotive lubricants to high viscosity for industrial lubricants and greases - all KR Series products offer exceptional performance in thermal and oxidative stability, hydrolytic stability, low volatility, good solvency and seal swell capability. Monoesters Diesters Polyol Esters KR-007A Relative Aniline Points of Various Base Oils KR-008 KR-015 KR-019 PAO Group II and III Mineral Oils -7 to 5 C 40 C 42 C 94 C 103 C 115 to 135 C AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICANTS KR-007A KR-008 KR-015 KR-019 Transmission Fluids Crankcase Oils Applications Automotive Lubricants Gear Oils INDUSIAL LUBRICANTS Applications Industrial Lubricants Greases KR-007A KR-008 KR-015 KR-019 KR-023 Chain Oils Compressor Oils Gear Oils KR-Series - Alkylated Naphthalenes Greases Heat Transfer Oils H-1 Fluids KR-006FG, KR-015FG & KR-029FG Hydraulic Fluids Low Temperature Applications Paper Machine Oils Pages 3-4 Turbine Oils Vacuum Oils

6 KR-Series Performance as a Base Oil KR-Series - Alkylated Naphthalenes The performance characteristic that sets the KR-Series apart from other base oils is their superior thermal-oxidative stability. Thermal-oxidative stability results from both the CEC-L-48-A-95 Modified Bulk Oxidation Test and ASTM D 6186 Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC) are shown to illustrate this point. Thermal-Oxidative Stability - Modified CEC-L-48-A-95 Bulk Oxidation Test KR-015 and a variety of other base fluids were subjected to heat and oxygen in the presence of metal catalysts. Increases in acid number and viscosity were monitored over time. An increase in acid number is indicative of oxidation and degradation of the base oil. As shown in the graph below on the left, KR-015 was the most stable of the six base oils tested. Likewise, it maintained its original viscosity better than all the other fluids tested including a 7 cst Group III base oil containing an antioxidant (graph on the right). Acid # (mg KOH/g) Increase in Acid Value Color Key to Base Oils: KR Time (hour) Thermal-Oxidative Stability - PDSC - (ASTM D 6168) PDSC - Induction Time With O 2 Modified Bulk Oxidation Test Conditions Base Oil PAO Group I Group II Group III C for 72 hours with soluble Fe and Cu catalysts and air purge at 15L/hr % Increase in Viscosity Time (hour) KR-015 and KR-019 (neat) when tested at 200 C and 210 C using 500 psig O 2 resulted in the following performance compared to other base stocks: KR-015 KR C <1 <1 <1 < C <1 <1 <1 <1 9 4 Additional Performance Testing Please request King s KR Series Brochure that details additional testing, including Thermal-Oxidative Stability (ASTM D 2272), Cincinnati Milacron Thermal Stability (ASTM D 2070), Hydrolytic Stability (ASTM D 2619), Thin Film Volatility, Pressure Viscosity Coefficient & Film Characteristics, FZG (ASTM D 5182), Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) and Seal Swell Characteristics (ASTM D 417 & D 4298).

7 KR-Series Performance as a Base Oil Modifier When used as base oil modifiers, the KR Series can: Offer dramatic improvements in thermal-oxidative stability when used alone or in conjunction with antioxidants Boost RPVOT performance of formulations containing highly refined mineral oils Improve thermal stability The first graph below compares the thermal-oxidative stability performance of KR-015 and a variety of other synthetic base oil modifiers when used at a 20% level in a 7 cst Group III oil. RPVOT Rotating Pressurized Vessel Oxidation Test (ASTM D 2272) data follow showing the influence of modification levels and the addition of some common antioxidants. Thermal-Oxidative Stability - PDSC - (ASTM D 6186) PDSC Oxidation Induction Times (Isothermal at 160 C with 150 psi air pressure) No Modifier KR-015 Diester Polyol Ester PAO Thermal-Oxidative Stability - RPVOT - (ASTM D 2272) Induction Time Blends of 20% Synthetic Base Oils in 7 cst Group III Oil RPVOT of KR-015 in a 7 cst Group III Oil % 50% 75% 100% % KR-015 Induction Time The chart to the left shows oxidative induction times for blends containing 20% of various synthetic base oils and KR-015 in a 7 cst Group III oil as measured by PDSC - Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry. As can be seen, KR-015 significantly outperforms the other fluids tested - PAO, diester and polyol ester base oils. 0 Effect of 0.2% Antioxidant Addition None DTBP AO-210 ZnDTP DPA AO cst Group III KR-015 KR-Series - Alkylated Naphthalenes As shown above, KR-015 was tested at various concentrations in a 7 cst Group III base oil to track its influence on RPVOT performance. KR-015 can impart dramatic improvements in thermo-oxidative stability when used as a base oil modifier. Testing was done without the addition of additives or stabilizers. Both KR-015 and a 7 cst Group III oil were tested to determine the effect of adding 0.2% of various antioxidants to the base oils. As shown in the graph above, significant improvements to the thermal-oxidative stability (induction time) were obtained using the NA -LUBE KR-015. Pages 5-6

8 AW 6000 Series - Ashless Antiwear Additives AW 6000 Series Ashless Multifunctional Antiwear Additives The AW 6000 Series consists of light-colored, 100% active antiwear additives based on various phosphorous, nitrogen and sulfur chemistries. With the exception of AW-6010, all are multifunctional in terms of providing excellent antiwear properties in combination with other property enhancing functions as shown in the chart that follows. Performance details are shown on pages Product % P % N % S Description Functions AW-6010 AW-6110 AW-6110P AW-6220 AW-6310 AW-6330 AW-6360 AW-6400FG Amine phosphate with excellent antiwear properties at very low treat levels. Amine phosphate with excellent antiwear properties and excellent rust protection. Imparts outstanding FZG performance (higher than 12 load stages) at low treat levels ( %). Amine phosphate with excellent antiwear properties and excellent rust protection. Can be used with EP-5216 as an alternative to chlorinated paraffins. Complex composition of amine phosphate chemistries with excellent antiwear properties, excellent rust protection and yellow metal deactivating functionality. Outstanding FZG performance at low treat levels. Multifunctional composition with excellent extreme pressure/antiwear properties, excellent rust protection, yellow metal deactivating functionality and demulsification properties. Imparts outstanding FZG performance (higher than 12 load stages) at low treat levels ( %). Multifunctional additive with excellent extreme pressure/ antiwear and antioxidation properties. Can be used as an ashless alternative to zinc dialkyldithiophosphates in industrial lubricants, greases, and metalworking fluids. Multifunctional additive with excellent extreme pressure/ antiwear and outstanding steel corrosion inhibiting properties. NSF HX-1 approved multifunctional additive - please see page 40 for details. AW AW, CI AW, CI AW, CI, YMD AW, CI, YMD EP/AW, AO, CI EP/AW, CI EP/AW, CI AW technology offers excellent antiwear and FZG performance coupled with rust and corrosion inhibition. Photos: Far Left: Base Oil without any additives Immediate Left: Base Oil with AW technology The AW 6000 product line of unique ashless chemistries exhibits the following properties: Excellent antiwear and extreme pressure (FZG) performance Good rust and corrosion inhibition Protection of non-ferrous metals Good to excellent demulsification Solubility in a wide range of base oils, including silicone fluids Synergy with other additives (e.g., King Industries EP and K-CORR Series) Good hydrolytic stability

9 Because of their multifunctionality, the AW 6000 Products are used in: Solubility Screw Compressor Oils AW-6310 is strongly recommended for high performance screw compressor oils. Rust and Oxidation Oils Automotive Gear Oils Industrial Gear Oils AW-6110 in combination with well selected sulfur carriers (SIB technology/sulfurized esters) has proven to be an excellent antiwear additive for formulating industrial gear oils requiring excellent performance in the FAG-FE8 test. AW-6310 is strongly recommended for industrial gear oils. Automatic and Manual Transmission Fluids Slide Way Oils Hydraulic Fluids AW-6310 is strongly recommended for ashless HF-2 type hydraulic fluids. Greases Applications for the AW 6000 Series Food Grade Lubricants AW-6400FG is NSF HX-1 registered and complies with FDA 21 CFR Neat Oil Metalworking Fluids The AW 6000 Series can also be used in combination with the EP 5000 Series for formulating heavy-duty chlorine-free neat oil metalworking fluids. AW-6010 and AW-6220 are specifically designed for neat oil metalworking fluids, such as high-speed grinding fluids based on mineral oil or synthetic esters. Multifunctional Fluids (Hydraulic/Metalworking Fluids) AW-6310 in combination with inactive sulfurized products and aminic/phenolic antioxidants can be used to formulate multifunctional fluids (hydraulic fluid/metalworking fluid) based on Group I-V base oils, including canola and sunflower oils. The AW 6000 Series exhibits excellent solubility in a wide range of base oils, including naphthenic oils, solvent refined Group I base oils, hydrotreated Group II base oils, Group III base oils, polyalphaolefins, synthetic diesters, and silicone fluids (i.e., Dow Corning 200, 510, and 550). AW 6000 Series - Ashless Antiwear Additives Pages 7-8

10 AW 6000 Series - Ashless Antiwear Additives Performance in a Paraffinic ISO VG 46 Base Oil The following table shows the performance of AW-6010, AW-6110, and AW-6220 when added to a paraffinic ISO VG 46 base oil. Base Oil 0.25% AW % AW-6110 ISO VG 46 (Group II) 0.10% AW-6220 Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B Not Applicable Pass Pass Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Separation Time (Minutes) Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 24 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 135 C a a FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage >12 >12 12 Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 1200 rpm, 30 kgf, Scar Diameter (mm) 1 hour, 75 C, 1200 rpm, 40 kgf, Scar Diameter (mm) Performance of the AW 6000 Series Performance of AW-6220 as a Yellow Metal Deactivator AW-6220 also acts as a yellow metal deactivator. The table below compares the performance of AW-6220 to the performance of two common yellow metal deactivators. As the data show, at a treat level of 0.10%, AW-6220 provides excellent yellow metal protection while also providing steel corrosion protection with good antiwear properties. -- Base Oil ISO VG 46 * ppm Sulfur** 0.10% DMTD*** Derivative ISO VG ppm Sulfur 0.10% Tolytriazole ISO VG ppm Sulfur 1a % NA -LUBE AW-6220 ISO VG ppm Sulfur Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B Fail Fail Fail Pass Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 120ºC 24 hours, 120ºC 3 hours, 135ºC 24 hours, 135 C 4a 4b 4b 4b 4b Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) Scar Diameter (mm) 1 hour, 75 C, 1200 rpm, 40 kgf Four Ball Weld Load (ASTM D 2783) 10 second, 25ºC, 1800 rpm OK Load (kgf) Weld Load (kgf) a 3b a 3a a 3a * Hydrotreated paraffinic oil (Group II) with less than 0.03% natural sulfur ** Elemental sulfur soluble in Group II oil ***Dimercaptothiadiazole

11 Enhancing the Antiwear Performance of Extreme Pressure Agents AW-6010 in Combination with EP-5218 Sulfurized EP agents typically provide very good extreme pressure properties and moderate antiwear properties when used alone. One of the unique performance characteristics of an amine phosphate, such as AW-6010, is the ability to improve the antiwear performance of well selected sulfurized extreme pressure agents. As depicted below, the addition of 2.0% AW-6010, reduces the scar diameter from 0.81 mm to 0.51 mm. However, additional AW to approximately 6% is required to return the weld load back to the starting level of >300 kgf. Different Levels of AW-6010 in Group II Oil containing 10% EP-5218 Four Ball Wear Test (ASTM D 4172) - 1 hour, 75ºC, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm, - Four Ball Weld (ASTM D 2783) - 10 seconds, 25 C, 1800 rpm Weld Load (kgf) % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% % AW-6010 AW-6330 as an Ashless Alternative to Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphates AW-6330 Comparison to ZnDTP As shown below, AW-6330 is an excellent ashless alternative to zinc dialkyldithiophosphates. It offers outstanding performance in Group I, II and synthetic base stocks. Base Oil 1.0% AW % ZnDTP* Weld Wear 1.0% AW % Blend** Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B Pass Pass Pass Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Separation Time (Minutes) Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 135 C a 2a a 2a ISO VG 46 (Group I) Average Scar Diameter (mm) 1.0% ZnDTP 0.35% Blend** Pass a - AW 6000 Series - Ashless Antiwear Additives FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 1500 rpm, 30 kgf, Scar Diameter (mm) 1 hour, 75 C, 1800 rpm, 40 kgf, Scar Diameter (mm) Pages 9-10 * ZnDTP based on 2-ethylhexanol (stabilized) ** 0.35% Blend of yellow metal deactivator, aminic and phenolic antioxidants

12 AW 6000 Series - Ashless Antiwear Additives Performance of the Unique AW-6310 AW-6310 is an innovative extension of the other AW products. It is a proprietary composition containing unique sulfur/phosphorus/nitrogen chemistries. AW-6310 exhibits the following properties: Superior FZG performance Outstanding rust inhibition Excellent demulsification Good hydrolytic stability Good thermal stability Outstanding synergy with the AO Series Excellent solubility in a wide range of base oils, including some silicon fluids AW-6310 is used in screw compressor oils, railroad type non-mineral oil (Group V) greases, industrial gear oils, and automotive gear oils. It can also be used for formulating extremely effective ashless HF-2 type hydraulic fluids as shown below: Base Oil Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Separation Time (Minutes) Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B 0.15% AW % AO % AO % K-CORR NF Pass AFNOR Wet Filtration (E 68691) Filterability Index 1.17 Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 135 C FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage >12 CM Thermal Stability (ASTM D 2070) CM Color Class: Copper Steel Viscosity Change, % Acid Number Change (mg KOH/g) Total Sludge (mg/100 ml) Hydrolytic Stability (ASTM D 2619) Copper Loss (mg/cm²) Total Acidity of Water Layer (mg KOH) Copper Appearance (ASTM D 130) ISO VG 46 (Group II) AW-6310 also exhibits very good performance in greases. The table below depicts the performance of AW-6310 in a synthetic lithium complex grease. Without Additive AW b Treat Level, % 2.0 Base Grease Synthetic Lithium Complex Test Water 5% Synthetic Sea Water EMCOR Rust Test (ASTM D 6138, IP 220) 2,2 0,0 Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 2266) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Scar Diameter (mm)

13 R1 H N R2 AO Series Primary Antioxidants AO-130 & AO-142 t-butyl Product AO-130 AO-142 AO-210 AO-242 OH H t-butyl AO-210 t-butyl HO t-butyl O C 3 OR3 AO-242 For R 1, R 2, and R 3, see chemical descriptions below. Chemical Description Form Nitrogen Approx. (%) Flash Point, COC (ASTM D 92) Approx. ( C) Dinonyldiphenylamine Liquid Octyl/ butyldiphenylamine 2,6 Ditertbutylphenol 2,6 Ditertbutylphenol Derivative The AO product line is a series of phenolic and aminic antioxidants that is used in a broad range of industrial lubricants, engine oils, and greases. These products retard the oxidation of lubricants thus reducing sludge formation and viscosity increase, providing economic and ecological benefits. The antioxidants exhibit the following physical and performance properties: Liquid Solid at < 36 C Ashless Non-corrosive Excellent solubility in a wide range of base fluids Enhanced thermal and oxidative stability Both solid and liquid AO products are available to offer maximum formulating flexibility. ADTC is a unique multifunctional additive that not only provides outstanding antioxidant properties but also extreme pressure and antiwear properties. >100 Liquid 148 Description Excellent antioxidant with outstanding product stability at low temperatures. Excellent antioxidant that is in compliance with the Food and Drug Administration Regulation 21 CFR (lubricants with incidental food contact) up to a treat level of 0.5% by weight. HX-1 registered # General purpose antioxidant with very low volatility compared to BHT. High temperature antioxidant with low volatility and low viscosity. Provides reduced sludge formation. AO Series - Primary Antioxidants Product Chemical Description Sulfur Approx. (%) Nitrogen Approx. (%) Flash Point, COC (ASTM D 92) Approx. ( C) Description ADTC Methylene-bisdibutyldithiocarbamate ADTC is a unique ashless dithiocarbamate offering extreme pressure, antiwear and antioxidant properties. Pages 11-12

14 Synergistic Effects of Aminic and Phenolic AO Combinations AO Series - Primary Antioxidants Aminic and phenolic antioxidants impart excellent oxidation stability to formulated functional fluids. Each type provides excellent protection as the sole antioxidant, or they can be used in combination to take advantage of their synergistic strength to provide outstanding long-term protection. Below is an example of the synergistic effect. Synergy of AO-142 and AO Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test (ASTM D 2272) RPVOT (minutes) Base Oil: ISO VG 46 Group II 0.20% AO % AO % AO % AO % AO % AO % K-CORR NF-200 AO-142 Performance in Various HX-1 Base Oils FORMULATIONS Base Oil Test C Base Oil Without AO-142 Turbine Oil Oxidation Test (ASTM D 943) TOST (hours to TAN > 2 mg KOH/g) Base Oil With 0.2% AO % AO % AO % K-CORR NF % K-CORR 1031 RPVOT - Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test (ASTM D 2272) Lifetime - Minutes Base Oil With 0.5% AO-142 PAO cst White Oil 110 cst PAG (Water Soluble) 120 cst KR-015FG 114 cst KR-029FG 177 cst Ester 220 cst

15 ADTC Multifunctional Ashless Dialkyldithiocarbamate ADTC is a unique, ashless dialkyldithiocarbamate additive that offers excellent extreme pressure, antiwear, and antioxidant properties. ADTC has well-defined chemistry with sulfur and nitrogen present in the same molecule. Performance of ADTC - Ashless Hydraulic Fluid Package The table below shows the performance capabilities of ADTC in an ashless hydraulic fluid package containing K-CORR 1031, an amino acid derived rust inhibitor. Product ADTC Composition Methylene-bisdibutyldithiocarbamate ADTC exhibits the following properties: C 4 H 9 C 4 H 9 Excellent extreme pressure and antiwear Excellent oxidation inhibition Outstanding demulsification Good thermal stability Excellent solubility in highly paraffinic base stocks ASHLESS PACKAGE: ADTC, AO-130, AW-6220, K-CORR 1031 Treat Level of Additive Package, % Base Oil ISO VG 32 (Group I) Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Separation Time (Minutes) N S C S Sulfur Approx. (%) CH Nitrogen Approx. (%) Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665B, DIN ) Pass Pass Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 135 C 1a 1a RPVOT* (ASTM D 2272) Lifetime (Minutes) Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm, Scar Diameter (mm) AFNOR Wet Filtration (E 68691) Filterability Index FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage Not Determined > C (ASTM D 445) Approx. mm 2 /s (cst) S C S Due to its multifunctionality, ADTC is used in: N ADTC PROPERTIES & USES C 4 H 9 C 4 H 9 Heavy Metal-free Greases Rust and Oxidation Oils Automotive and Industrial Gear Oils Extreme Pressure Turbine Oils Hydraulic Oils Engine Oils Metalworking Fluids ADTC - Ashless Dialkydithiocarbamate Pages * Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test

16 EP 5000 Series - Extreme Pressure Additives EP 5000 Series Extreme Pressure / Antiwear Additives The EP 5000 Series consists of low odor, light-colored fatty acid esters, sulfurized fatty acid esters/triglycerides, and sulfurized α-olefins/triglycerides. Light-colored, low odor sulfur-containing additives are primarily produced by using hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur. The reaction is usually performed under high pressure and high temperature conditions. Light-colored, low odor sulfur-containing additives have improved properties over the well-known black sulfur-containing additives, including significantly improved oxidative stability and better solubility in highly paraffinic base oils. Sulfur-containing additives are commonly known in the lubricant and grease industry as sulfur carriers. The different raw materials used for the production of these additives have a significant impact on the properties and performance of the different sulfur carriers. Products based on shortchain olefins, such as isobutylene, can be called dry sulfur carriers because they only provide EP/AW properties; while those based on esters and triglycerides (fatty oils) can be called wet sulfur carriers because they also improve boundary lubrication. One of the most important characteristics of sulfur carriers is sulfur activity as measured in accordance with the ASTM D 1662 test. The active sulfur content primarily depends on the polysulfide chain length in the molecule. Sulfur-containing additives with a very low active sulfur content (<1.5%) not only provide extreme pressure properties but also provide antiwear properties and are compatible with yellow metals. The products with high active sulfur content (>6%) primarily provide extreme pressure properties. The EP 5000 Series is manufactured from carefully selected raw materials to optimize product quality and performance. Precisely controlled manufacturing processes result in products that are of light color and low odor. Product EP-5210 EP-5216 EP-5218 EP-5310 EP-5316 EP-5415 % Total Sulfur % Active Sulfur 40ºC (cst) 10 < < Description Unique low odor, very light colored inactive sulfur carrier based on fatty acid ester chemistry. Compatible with copper and its alloys. Enhances the oxidation stability of Group I & II oils when used with yellow metal deactivators* and phenolic/ aminic antioxidants**. Light colored, low odor sulfurized fatty acid ester with excellent extreme pressure properties. Light colored, low odor sulfurized fatty acid ester with excellent extreme pressure properties. Light colored, low odor inactive sulfurized fatty acid ester/ fatty oil with excellent extreme pressure properties. Light colored, low odor sulfurized fatty acid ester/fatty oil with excellent extreme pressure properties. Provides excellent boundary lubrication. Light colored, low odor sulfurized olefin/fatty oil with excellent extreme pressure properties and outstanding thermal and hydrolytic stability. Compatible with copper and its alloys. Enhances the oxidation stability of Group I & II oils when used with yellow metal deactivators* and phenolic/aminic antioxidants**. Compatible with zinc dithiophosphates. EP-5425 EP Powder Light colored, low odor sulfurized olefin/fatty oil with excellent extreme pressure properties. Highly suitable for heavy duty drilling and cutting operations. Bis-dimercaptothiadiazole derivative (yellow powder) with excellent extreme pressure/antiwear and antioxidant properties. Recommended for use in grease where heavy load carrying capability is required. * K-CORR NF-200, ** AO s

17 The EP 5000 Series consists of a variety of novel sulfur-containing additives with total sulfur content ranging from approximately 10% to 65% and the active sulfur content ranging from <1.5% to 19%. Because these unique products provide both extreme pressure and antiwear properties and also perform as friction modifiers, they are used in a wide variety of lubricant applications, including: Industrial Gear Oils Automotive Gear Oils Automatic Transmission Fluids Slide Way Oils EP-5210 and EP-5415 are well suited for formulating slide way oils. (See page 18) Hydraulic Fluids Rust and Oxidation Oils Greases EP-5210, EP-5415 and EP-5665 are highly recommended for grease applications including non-antimony/lead containing EP greases. Neat Oil Metalworking Fluids EP-5210, EP-5216, EP-5218, EP-5310, EP-5316, EP-5415 and EP-5425 are outstanding alternatives to chlorinated paraffins in metalworking fluids, when used in combination with ash-producing or ashless phosphorus-type antiwear and boundary lubrication additives. Applications for the EP 5000 Series EP-5216, EP-5218, EP-5310, EP-5316, EP-5415 and EP-5425 are highly suitable for heavy-duty drilling and cutting operations. Water Miscible Metalworking Fluid Concentrates Environmentally Friendly Lubricants and Greases The EP 5000 sulfur carriers, when combined with AW, AO, NA-SUL and K-CORR products, are highly suitable for formulating high quality/high performance industrial and automotive lubricants and greases. Solubility EP-5210, EP-5216, and EP-5218 have excellent solubility in hydrotreated mineral oils, synthetic diesters, and fatty oils. EP-5316 has solubility in naphthenic and solvent refined Group I base oils. EP-5415 extends solubility to Group II base oils as well. EP-5310 s unique chemistry gives it outstanding solubility characteristics in naphthenic and solvent refined Group I base oils. Due to its novel chemistry, EP-5310 provides improved lubricity over similar inactive sulfur fatty acid ester type extreme pressure additives. EP 5000 Series - Extreme Pressure Additives Pages 15-16

18 EP 5000 Series - Extreme Pressure Additives Performance of the EP 5000 Series Series Performance in a ISO VG 32 Group I Base Oil The following table highlights the performance of the products in various bench tests for lubrication properties. EP-5210 EP-5216 EP-5218 Base Oil ISO VG 32 (Group I) Treat Level, % 5.0 Four Ball Weld (ASTM D 2783) 10 seconds, 25 C, 1800 rpm OK Load (kgf) Weld Load (kgf) EP EP-5415 Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Scar Diameter (mm) Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100ºC 24 hours, 100ºC EP Concentration Effect On Properties 1a 2a As shown below, with increasing concentrations of EP-5210, the wear and extreme pressure properties improve with no negative effects on demulsibility or copper corrosion protection. 2.0% EP a 4a 7.5% EP a 4a 10.0% EP-5210 Base Oil ISO VG 32 (Group I) Four Ball Weld (ASTM D 2783) 10 seconds, 25 C, 1800 rpm OK Load (kgf) Weld Load (kgf) b b 10.0% EP % AW-6010 Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Scar Diameter (mm) Falex PIN & VEE (ASTM D 3233) Lbs Copper Corrosion (ASTM D130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100ºC 24 hours, 100ºC Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401,DIN Oil-Water-Emulsion Time (Minutes) 1a 3a a 2a a 2a a

19 EP-5415 Metalworking Performance Data EP-5415 imparts good extreme pressure performance for metalworking fluids and can be used to replace chlorinated paraffins as shown in the chart below. As shown below, tapping torque tests were conducted to compare the performance of EP versus the performance of a commonly used chlorinated paraffin. The tests were conducted using 4340 alloy steel under varying machining speeds Alloy Steel Base Oil: Paraffinic ISO VG 32 10% Chlorinated Paraffin Average Peak Torque (inch - pounds) 10% EP-5415 Average Peak Torque (inch - pounds) % Efficiency 40 sfm* (407rpm) sfm (488rpm) sfm (586rpm) sfm (703rpm) sfm (844rpm) *sfm = surface feet per minute Additionally, EP-5415 can be used to formulate premium quality machine tool slide way lubricants. Various treat levels of EP-5415 in combination with 0.5% tackifier in an ISO VG 68 oil meet the requirements of the Cincinnati Lamb P-47 Heavy-Medium Way Oil specification. 1.5% EP % Tackifier 5.0% EP % Tackifier Cincinnati Lamb P-47 Specification Base Oil ISO VG 68 ISO VG 68 40ºC: ºF: Flash Point (ASTM D 92) COC (ºF) >380 > Minimum Fire Point (ASTM D 92) COC (ºF) >380 > Minimum Acid Number (ASTM D 974) (mg KOH/g) Maximum Cincinnati Lamb Stick-Slip (μs/μk)* / = / = Maximum Thermal Stability Test Procedure B: 24 hours, 101ºC CM Color Class Rod Weight of Deposit (mg) Rod Metal Loss (mg) Acid Number Change (mg KOH/g) Precipitate Steel Copper None 10% Mid-chain Chlorinated Paraffin (C >50% Cl) Base Oil ISO VG 32 (Group I) Four Ball Weld (ASTM D 2783) 10 seconds, 25 C, 1800 rpm OK Load (kgf) Weld Load (kgf) Steel Copper None 10% EP-5415 Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100ºC 1a Maximum Limits Steel Copper EP 5000 Series - Extreme Pressure Additives Pages * Ratio of static to kinetic friction

20 NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors Since the introduction of the first products in 1952, the NA-SUL trade name has been synonymous with high quality, cost-effective rust protection. After 50 years of continuous improvement and innovation, these unique synthetic sulfonates continue to be recognized as the premium rust and corrosion inhibitors for industrial and automotive lubricants, greases, metalworking fluids, and rust preventives. NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors The NA-SUL line is based upon salts of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid. Controlled alkylation of naphthalene with nonene produces dinonylnaphthalene. This is then sulfonated to produce the building block sulfonic acid that becomes a NA-SUL when neutralized to form various salts. NA-SUL products use a wide variety of neutralizing metals and amines resulting in the world s broadest line of sulfonates. The NA-SUL line provides excellent rust and corrosion protection in addition to other unique performance properties. King s process of direct neutralization produces sulfonates with no chlorine, resulting in enhanced rust protection and resistance to staining. Performance Rust & Corrosion Protection The NA-SUL line consistently outperforms other synthetic or petroleum sulfonates, thus offering: Better performance at equal or lower concentrations Higher maximum performance Ferrous and non-ferrous metal protection Synergy with other anti-rust additives Unsurpassed Demulsibility NA-SUL Inhibitors Offer Superior Performance ASTM D 665 B 0.025% 0.05% 0.05% 0.05% NA-SUL COMP. COMP. COMP. 729 A B C Performance Beyond Rust & Corrosion Protection In addition to superior rust and corrosion inhibition, NA-SUL inhibitors impart other desirable performance properties to industrial lubricants and rust preventive applications, including: Unsurpassed demulsibility Enhanced oxidation stability Excellent filterability Excellent additive compatibility Excellent solubility Calcium Dinonylnaphthalene Sulfonate NA-SUL 729 Calcium Petroleum Sulfonate Synthetic Calcium Sulfonate A Synthetic Calcium Sulfonate B

21 Acid # (mg KOH/g) Enhanced Oxidation Stability of NA-SUL Increase in Acid Value vs. Time FORMULATION 0.25% NA-SUL % Phenolic Antioxidant 99.5% Paraffinic Oil Hours in ASTM D 150ºC NA- SUL 729 Didodecylbenzene Sulfonate Oil + AO w/o Sulfonate Improved Filterability AFNOR Filtration (Wet) - ISO VG 46 Group II Oil Treat Level FORMULATION HF-0 Type Package* Without NA-SUL % of Additive Package *Package: ZnDTP (Primary C8), Yellow Metal Deactivator and Antioxidants Enhanced Oxidative Stability In addition to unsurpassed rust and corrosion protection and demulsibility, NA-SUL sulfonates can enhance oxidative stability performance as shown in the graph to the left. NA-SUL Sulfonates can also improve filterability. The table below compares the Wet AFNOR Filtration when NA-SUL 729 was incorporated into a Denison HF-0 type package at 9.0% replacing oil so that the concentration of all other additives was held constant. This package was then added to the oil at a treat level of 0.8%, resulting in a final NA-SUL 729 concentration in the oil of 720 ppm. The package without NA-SUL 729 plugged the filter, while the package with the NA-SUL 729 passed the AFNOR Filtration. A good AFNOR Filterability Index is <2.0. HF-0 Type Package With 9.0% NA-SUL % of Additive Package (therefore 0.072% NA-SUL 729) AFNOR Wet Filtration (E 68691) Filterability Index Plugged 1.38 NA-SUL Rust Inhibitors For Lubricants NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors A broad range of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonates are used as rust inhibitors in automotive and industrial lubricants, greases, functional fluids and rust preventives. The standard neutral products based on DNNS metal salts are described on page 21. The Application Table in the centerfold should be used in the selection process. The truly neutral (less than 1 mg KOH/g) metal salts find wide application in industrial oils and greases as premium rust inhibitors with excellent demulsibility and water resistance. All of these sulfonates have excellent solubility in even the most severely refined petroleum oils and most synthetic fluids. The standard diluent for these products is light mineral oil. A unique feature of the NA-SUL sulfonates is the ability to tailor the diluent to specific needs. Alternative diluents, such as PAO, esters and solvents, are available upon request. Pages 19-20

22 NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors - Types NA-SUL TYPE PRIMARY USES PAGE NA-SUL TYPE PRIMARY USES PAGE Neutral Metal Salts Ind. Lubes/RP s 21 Specialty Grades Ind. Lubes/RP s 22 Amine Salts Ind. Lubes/Fuel/RP s 21 RP Concentrates RP s 27 NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors Basic Metal Salts Lubricants/RP s 22 Aqueous RP s/cleaners 31 R SO 3 Neutral dinonylnaphthalenesulfonates are used in almost all applications where premium rust and corrosion inhibitors are required. The divalent metal salts also exhibit excellent demulsibility. Several of the neutral metal sulfonates are available in a variety of diluents. Product NA-SUL 707 NA-SUL 729 NA-SUL BSN NA-SUL MG NA-SUL SS NA-SUL ZS R M M M = Ca, = Ca, Ba, Ba, Mg, Mg and or Zn R SO 3 2 Metal DNNS Salt* (Metal Approx. %) R. R'NH 3 2 Lithium (0.76) Calcium (2.1) Barium (6.6) Magnesium (1.3) Sodium (2.4) Zinc (2.8) NA-SUL Neutral Metal Salts Description Low ash rust inhibitor with good high temperature stability in industrial oils and greases. Retards bleeding in lithium soap greases. Premium rust inhibitor for petroleum and synthetic lubricants, hydraulic fluids and circulating oils. Outstanding water resistance properties, including demulsibility, wet filterability, and hydrolytic stability. Premium rust inhibitor for industrial lubricants, greases, rust preventive fluids, and metalworking specialties. Excellent water resistance properties. Non-staining to metal surfaces. Widely used in gear oils and greases. Lowest ash premium rust inhibitor. Particularly effective in rust preventive applications exposed to water, such as ballast tank coatings. High molecular weight sodium sulfonate. Not an emulsifier, but excellent additive to enhance rust preventive properties of emulsions. Premium rust inhibitor for industrial oils, greases, and hydraulic fluids, particularly when used in combination with zinc dithiophosphates. NA-SUL Amine Salts (Ashless) R SO 3. M M=Lior Na R Neutralization with amines, instead of metals, produces ashless sulfonates. The base strength and volatility of the amine chosen influences the properties and applications. Product NA-SUL AS NA-SUL DTA NA-SUL EDS Amine DNNS Salt* (Nitrogen Approx. %) Ammonia (1.5) Diethylenetriamine (0.5) Ethylenediamine (0.7) Description Ashless rust inhibitor used in a wide range of petroleum fluids, including distillate fuels. May be used as a supplemental additive with other rust inhibitors. Stable ashless rust inhibitor with good demulsibility in petroleum and synthetic lubricants. Ashless rust inhibitor for lubricants, distillate fuels, and mild-duty rust preventives. Diluent is 70 C flash aliphatic solvent. * Diluent is light Mineral Oil with the exception of NA-SUL EDS.

23 NA-SUL Basic Metal Salts R R Ca CaCO3 SO 3 2 Basic sulfonates find application as rust inhibitors in lubricants, greases and metalworking specialties where alkalinity is desirable to neutralize mild acid contamination, thus improving oxidation stability. They are also used in rust preventives to improve performance when applied over contaminated substrates. Product NA-SUL 611 NA-SUL BSB NA-SUL CA-50 Several specialty NA-SUL grades have evolved for applications with different requirements than the sulfonates alone can provide. Various complexes take advantage of synergisms to enhance properties. Product NA-SUL 729-NF NA-SUL CA-770FG NA-SUL BSN-HT NA-SUL CA-1089 Metal DNNS Salt* (Metal Approx. %) Barium (11.7) Barium (12.0) Calcium (3.2) DNNS Salt Derivative* (Metal Approx. %) Calcium with YMD** (1.9) Calcium (1.7) Barium Complex (8.7) Calcium Complex (2.2) Description Approximate TBN is 45 mg KOH/g as barium carbonate. Particularly effective in polyglycol/ester based compressor fluids. Approximate TBN is 45 mg KOH/g as barium hydroxide. Versatile rust inhibitor additive for rust preventives, greases and lubricants containing acidic components. Approximate TBN is 50 mg KOH/g as calcium carbonate. Excellent resistance to salt water environments, particularly in greases and rust preventive fluids. Also used in high performance military hydraulic fluids. NA-SUL Grades for Specialty Lubricants Description Complexes and HX-1 Registered Synergists Premium ferrous rust inhibitor plus yellow metal deactivator for non-ferrous corrosion protection. Calcium based sulfonate in PAO specifically designed for use in food grade applications. NSF HX-1 Registration # Synergistic rust inhibitor with excellent thermal stability. Particularly suited for high temperature applications. Exceptional additive providing excellent rust protection, demulsibility, filterability (dry and wet), and thermal stability. Makes excellent RP fluids and dewatering fluids because of its superior water resistance. NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors NA-SUL CA-HT3 Calcium Complex (2.5) Excellent rust inhibitor with thermal stability and good demulsibility required for applications such as paper machine oils and high temperature circulating fluids. NA-SUL MG-HT Magnesium Complex (1.7) Synergistic rust inhibitor with good thermal stability. Particularly effective at neutralizing the corrosivity and staining of chlorinated paraffins. NA-SUL ZS-HT Zinc Complex (3.8) Excellent rust inhibitor, particularly in systems with other zinc containing additives. Exhibits antioxidation synergism with primary antioxidants in petroleum and PAO base fluids. Pages * Diluent is light Mineral Oil with the exception of NA-SUL CA-770 FG, ** YMD = Yellow metal deactivator

24 NA-SUL CA-1089 Hydraulic Fluid Performance Data NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors NA-SUL CA-1089 is a calcium sulfonate/carboxylate complex that imparts outstanding steel corrosion protection, demulsibility and filtration performance to formulated functional fluids. Hydraulic fluids meeting the Denison HF-0 specification can be developed using NA-SUL CA-1089 as the corrosion inhibitor/demulsifier portion of the formulation. NA-SUL CA-1089 Performance in a Denison HF-0 Type Hydraulic Fluid Package HF-0 Type Package w/o NA-SUL w/ 2.0% NA-SUL CA-1089 CA-1089 Treat Level of Additive Package, % 0.8 Base Oil ISO VG 46 (Group II) w/ 4.5% NA-SUL CA-1089 Additive Package Color Light Amber Light Amber Light Amber Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B Fail Pass Pass Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Time (Minutes) Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Scar Diameter (mm) Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 135 C 3 hours, 160 C Cincinnati Milacron Thermal Stability (ASTM D 2070) CM Color Class: Copper Steel Viscosity Change, % Acid Number Change (mg KOH/g) Rod Weight of Deposit, Steel / Copper (mg/200ml) Rod Metal Loss, Steel / Copper (mg/200ml) Total Sludge (mg/100 ml) Whatman Precipitate (mg/100 ml) Millipore Precipitate (mg/100 ml) Hydrolytic Stability (ASTM D 2619) Copper Loss (mg/cm 2 ) Total Acidity of Water Layer (mg KOH) Copper Appearance (ASTM D 130) / / a / / / / AFNOR Wet Filtration (E 68691) Filterability Index Plugged FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage This table compares the performance of a Denison HF-0 type package for hydraulic fluids with and without NA-SUL CA NA-SUL CA-1089 was incorporated into the package at 2.0% and 4.5% replacing the oil. The concentrations of all other additives were held constant. Testing was conducted at a package treat level of 0.8% in an ISO VG 46 Group II oil resulting in final NA-SUL CA concentrations of 0.036% and 0.016% in the oil. The package without NA-SUL CA-1089 failed the steel corrosion, demulsibility, and AFNOR filtration tests and resulted in notable copper loss in the hydrolytic stability test. Inclusion of NA-SUL CA-1089 in the formulation imparted excellent steel corrosion protection, demulsibility, and AFNOR filtration performance and greatly reduced the amount of copper loss in the hydrolytic stability test when tested at the lower concentration. The improved AFNOR filtration performance is attributed to the excellent dispersancy characteristics of NA-SUL CA NA-SUL CA-1089 also exhibited no adverse effects on other performance tests, including four ball wear, copper corrosion, Cincinnati Milacron thermal stability and FZG.

25 NA-SUL CA-1089 Performance In Rust Preventives NA-SUL CA-1089 is not only an excellent rust inhibitor for industrial lubricants, as shown previously in the hydraulic fluid example, but is also highly effective in a broad range of rust preventive applications where it offers: Remarkable non-staining performance in stacked stain testing in all oils tested, making it an outstanding barium sulfonate replacement. Highly recommended for protection of coiled steel and closely stacked steel parts. Exceptional performance in both cyclic and constant humidity testing, making it an excellent choice for most parts storage applications. Outstanding water displacement and demulsibility performance, including acidic and basic aqueous fluids. A perfect choice for difficult dewatering fluids. Excellent solubility in paraffinic oils, PAO, esters and vegetable oils. A versatile additive that can be used in a variety of products using different base stocks. NA-SUL CA-1089 Performance in a Paraffinic ISO VG 32 Base Oil 2.0% CA % Oil #1 5.0% CA % Oil #1 10.0% CA % Oil #1 Average Film Thickness Measured by Weight ( m) Salt Fog (ASTM B 117) Average Hours to Failure Humidity Cabinet (ASTM D 1748) Average Hours to Failure NA-SUL CA-1089 Performance in a Solvent/Oil Based System* 3.0% CA % Oil #1 77.0% Solvent 5.0% CA % Oil #1 75.0% Solvent 10.0% CA % Oil #1 70.0% Solvent Average Film Thickness Measured by Weight ( m) Salt Fog (ASTM B 117) Average Hours to Failure Humidity Cabinet (ASTM D 1748) Average Hours to Failure * Solvent: 40 C Mineral Spirits, Oil: Paraffinic ISO VG 32 (150 SUS) Hours to failure is defined as rust more than 1.5 cm from the top panel edge or more than 0.5 cm from either side edge. NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors NA-SUL CA-1089 Performance - Accelerated Stacked Stain Test 10.0% CA % Oil #1 5.0% CA % Oil #2 Stack Stain 7-Day Accelerated Pass Pass Oil #1 - Paraffinic Group I - ISO VG 32 (150 SUS) Oil #2 - Paraffinic Group II - ISO VG 46 (220 SUS) 5% NA-SUL CA % Group II Paraffinic ISO VG 46 (220 SUS) 5% Commercial RP 95% Group II Paraffinic ISO VG 46 (220 SUS) Pages 23-24

26 King Industries, Inc. - Lubricant Additives Division PRODUCTS & APPLICATIONS CHART* CHART KEY: Applications Colored Box = Recommended = Technical Report Available Circulating Oils Compressor Oils Gear Oils Grease Hydraulic Fluids Power Transfer Turbine Oils Gear Oils Engine Oils Soluble Oils Cutting Oils Oil/ Solvent Based Aqueous Emulsion Aqueous Solution EP Extreme Pressure Additives EP-5210 EP-5216 EP-5218 EP-5310 EP-5316 EP-5415 EP-5425 EP-5665 ADTC ADTC AW-6010 AW Antiwear Additives AW-6110 AW-6110P AW-6220 AW-6310 AW-6330 AW-6360 AW-6400FG Industrial Lubricants Automotive Metalworking Rust Preventive Systems AO Antioxidants NA-SUL Neutral Metal Salts NA-SUL Basic Metal Salts NA-SUL Ashless / Amine Salts NA-SUL Concentrates for Oil & Oil/Solvent Rust Preventive Systems NA-SUL Additives for Aqueous Systems NA-SUL Additives for Specialty Lubricants K-CORR AO-130 AO-142 AO-210 AO-242 NA-SUL 707 NA-SUL 729 NA-SUL BSN NA-SUL MG NA-SUL SS NA-SUL ZS NA-SUL 611 NA-SUL BSB NA-SUL CA-50 NA-SUL AS NA-SUL DTA NA-SUL EDS NA-SUL CA-1082 NA-SUL CA-1089 NA-SUL CA-1183 NA-SUL CA-1259 NA-SUL CA/W1146 NA-SUL CA/W1177 NA-SUL CA/W1213 NA-SUL TEA/LB NA-SUL 1019A NA-SUL 437 NA-SUL 420 KX450 NA-SUL BSN-HT NA-SUL CA-770FG NA-SUL CA-1089 NA-SUL CA-HT3 NA-SUL MG-HT NA-SUL ZS-HT NA-SUL 729-NF K-CORR 100 K-CORR 100A2 K-CORR 1031 K-CORR G-1086A K-CORR G-1107 K-CORR G-1270 K-CORR ZN-510 K-CORR NF-200 K-CORR NF-410 K-CORR SA-300 * See inside back cover for information regarding recommendations and product uses.

27 Technical Assistance: (203) Applications Characteristics Hot Melt Wax Thick Film Post Tensioning Grease Demulsibility Dispersancy Oxidative Stability Thermal Stability Water Displacement Acid Atmosphere Anti-Stain Water Soluble Water Emulsifiable Nonferrous Ashless Protection Sulfur Carrier, Active Sulfur Carrier, Inactive Phosphorus Phenolic AO Aminic AO Rust Preventive Systems

28 NA-SUL Rust and Corrosion Preventive Additives NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors King Industries rust preventive additives are generally based on salts of dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate with additional polar compounds chosen to provide rust preventive synergy. This results in extremely hydrophobic rust preventive coatings that effectively exclude water and air from reaching the metal surface. The resulting performance advantage provides levels of metal protection that competitive additives cannot achieve and/or reductions in additive use levels that result in significant formulation savings. NA-SUL Rust Preventive Concentrates for Oil and Oil/Solvent Systems Product NA-SUL CA-1089 NA-SUL CA-1183 Formerly KX1183 NA-SUL CA-1259 Formerly KX1259 NA-SUL CA/W1146 NA-SUL CA/W1177 Formerly KX1177 NA-SUL CA/W1213 Formerly KX1213 NA-SUL CA-HT3 Form (% Calcium) Liquid (2.2%) Viscous Liquid (2.6%) Liquid (1.6%) Very Viscous Liquid (2.0%) Viscous Liquid (1.4%) Viscous Liquid (1.4%) Liquid (2.5%) Description Excellent general purpose rust preventive additive. Good dewatering properties. Good performance after water contamination. Recommended for medium to long term indoor storage. Provides excellent corrosion protection for steel, galvanized steel and aluminum with good water separation characteristics. Designed for use where water contact is likely, such as dewatering fluids. High performance rust and corrosion inhibitor for rust preventives and dewatering fluids. Excellent solubility (should be verified) in a wide range of mineral oils, esters, and vegetable oils. Particularly recommended where water displacement is important. Recommended for heavy duty applications, such as sheltered outdoor storage and marine environments. Best in naphthenic oils. Effective in acid atmospheres. Not recommended if water contamination will occur before application on metals. Specifically designed for use where water contact is likely, such as dewatering fluids. It combines excellent corrosion protection with good water separation characteristics. Specifically designed for formulating rust preventive fluids for use in harsh environments, such as salt fog exposure. Also recommended for high humidity and normal indoor storage. Excellent solubility in a wide range of diluents. Effective in salt and humidity tests at low treat levels. Not recommended if water contamination will occur before application on metals. NA-SUL CA-1082 Liquid (1.4%) Excellent for long term warehouse storage. Best in Group I paraffinic or naphthenic oils. Good water separation character. Avoid contamination with strong alkaline materials. Film Characteristics These additives should be used with 10% to 30% mineral oil in oil/solvent formulations for best corrosion protection. This results in thin, slightly oily coatings. If oil is not used with solvent, these additives may produce a slightly tacky coating particularly at higher additive levels.,na-sul CA/W1213, CA/W1177, and CA/W1146 will be almost dry at low treat levels.

29 Selection Guide - NA-SUL Additives for Oil/Solvent Based Rust Preventives There are many rust preventive additives available from King Industries that are used for formulating oil or oil/solvent based rust preventives. The following selection guide is designed to help chose from among them based on specific performance requirements. Multiple requirements can be determined using the respective scales (0 to 4) to optimize formulations. Requirement Solubility (Oil) Tolerance of fluid to water exposure (Dewatering) Ease of use Indoor storage Outdoor sheltered storage Marine environment 0 Not Recommended CA/W Highly Recommended CA-HT3 CA-1089 Acid atmosphere CA-1089 CA-HT3 CA/W1146 CA/W1177 CA/W1213 CA/W1146 CA/W1177 CA/W1213 CA-HT3 CA-HT3 CA-1082 CA/W1177 CA-1183 CA-1082 CA/W1213 CA-1183 CA/W1146 CA/W1213 CA-HT3 CA/W1146 CA-1089 CA-1082 CA-1082 CA/W1177 CA-1259 CA-1259 CA-1082 CA-1089 CA-HT3 CA-1183 CA-1089 CA/W1177 CA-1183 CA-1259 CA-1089 CA-1082 CA-HT3 CA-1259 CA-1089 CA-1082 CA/W1177 CA-1183 CA-1259 CA-1259 CA-1183 CA/W1177 CA/W1146 CA/W1213 CA/W1146 CA/W1213 NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors Tolerance to strongly basic materials CA/W1146 CA-1082 CA-HT3 CA/W1213 CA-1259 CA-1089 CA-1183 Let King s rust preventive laboratory assist you in developing high performance RP products. Call or lad@kingindustries.com Pages 27-28

30 Performance - NA-SUL CA-1259 in Rust Preventives NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors NA-SUL CA-1259 is a high performance liquid rust and corrosion inhibitor specifically designed for rust preventives and dewatering fluids. It offers excellent solubility in a wide range of mineral oils, esters, solvents, and vegetable oils with excellent rust protection as shown below. However, it is recommended to verify the solubility in the base oils/fluids used and compatibility with other additives. NA-SUL CA-1259 contains a minimal amount of wax giving good barrier properties. It is less viscous than many other additives of its type and often can be cold blended into oils. It has an exceptional ability to help separate water from oil and oil/solvent solutions making it very suitable for dewatering fluid applications. In addition to its water displacement characteristics, NA-SUL CA-1259 resists gelling in the presence of bulk water making it ideal for high moisture applications, such as rust preventives associated with wet parts. NA-SUL CA-1259 Salt Fog Performance in Oil Based Formulations on Steel Salt Fog (ASTM B 117) Average Hrs to Failure 5.0% CA % Group I ISO VG 32 Oil 28 (Polished) 18 (Matte) 10.0% CA % Group I ISO VG 32 Oil 30 (Polished) 50 (Matte) 10.0% CA % Group II ISO VG 22 Oil 40 (Polished) 32 (Matte) 10.0% CA % Naphthenic ISO VG 46 Oil 72 (Polished) 60 (Matte) NA-SUL CA-1259 Salt Fog Performance in Oil/Solvent Formulations on Steel Salt Fog (ASTM B 117) Average Hrs to Failure 5.0% CA % Group I ISO VG 32 Oil 75.0% MS* 85 (Polished) 80 (Matte) 5.0% CA % Group I ISO VG 32 Oil 75.0% ISOPAR H** 90 (Polished) 110 (Matte) 20.0% CA % Group I ISO VG 32 Oil 50.0% ISOPAR H** 105 (Polished) 240 (Matte) 10.0% CA % Group I ISO VG 32 Oil 70.0% Exxsol D-40** 90 (Polished) 95 (Matte) NA-SUL CA-1259 Performance in Vegetable Oil Based Formulations on Steel 2.0% CA % Soy Base Fluid 4.0% CA % Soy Base Fluid 10.0% CA % Canola Oil 15.0% CA % Canola Oil 55.0% Methyl Soyate Salt Fog (ASTM B 117) Average Hrs to Failure 10 (Polished) 8 (Matte) 14 (Polished) 10 (Matte) 20 (Polished) 14 (Matte) 22 (Polished) 18 (Matte) *MS - Mineral Spirits, **ISOPAR H and Exxsol D-40 are registered trademarks of ExxonMobil. Hrs to failure is defined as rust more than 1.5 cm from the top panel edge or more than 0.5 cm from either side edge.

31 NA-SUL Additives Performance In Oil Based Rust Preventives The following data show the relative performance of three widely used rust preventive additives from King Industries. NA-SUL CA-1089 is not as effective at preventing rust in salt environments as CA/W1177 or especially CA CA-1089 does have exceptional anti-staining properties, as shown on page 24. The data below show that the addition of a minor quantity of CA/W1177 significantly boosts salt fog performance. This combination even approaches the performance of CA-1259 on some surfaces while maintaining the outstanding anti-staining properties of CA NA-SUL RP Additives In Oil Based Systems 5% CA % Naph Oil* 10% CA % Naph Oil 5% CA/W % Naph Oil 10% CA/W % Naph Oil 4% CA % CA/W % Naph Oil 8% CA % CA/W % Naph Oil 5% CA % Naph Oil Average Film Thickness Measured by Weight (μm) Salt Fog (ASTM B 117) Average Hours to Failure (P) (M) (SB) Photo 1-50 Hours Salt Fog Exposure 10% NA-SUL CA-1259, 90% Naphthenic Oil (P) Polished (M) Matte (SB) Sand Blasted (P) (M) (SB) (P) (M) (SB) (P) (M) (SB) Photo 2-50 Hours Salt Fog Exposure 10% NA-SUL CA/W1177, 90% Naphthenic Oil (P) Polished (M) Matte (SB) Sand Blasted 10% CA % Naph Oil NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors Average Film Thickness Measured by Weight (μm) Salt Fog (ASTM B 117) Average Hours to Failure (P) (M) (SB) (P) (M) (SB) (P) (M) (SB) (P) (M) (SB) * 200 SUS Naphthenic Oil (P) = polished surface (M) = matte surface (SB) = sand blasted surface Hours to failure is defined as rust more than 1.5 cm from the top panel edge or more than 0.5 cm from either side edge. Pages 29-30

32 NA-SUL Aqueous Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors NA-SUL Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors NA-SUL rust inhibitors for aqueous applications contain ingredients that allow the hydrophobic dinonylnaphthalenesulfonate molecule to be used in water systems. Depending on the additive chosen, the result is either a clear solution or an emulsion. These formulations can often achieve results similar to oil or solvent based systems. Product Amine/Metal DNNS Salt Appearance NA-SUL TEA/LB Triethanolamine Stable dispersion NA-SUL 437 NA-SUL 1019A Triethanolamine/ diethylethanolamine Triethanolamine/ diethylethanolamine Clear solution Clear solution NA-SUL 420 Sodium Emulsion KX450 Calcium Dark Brown Liquid Requirement Water Soluble Systems Water Emulsifiable 0 Not Recommended 420 KX450 Description Good coupling agent. Short to medium term indoor storage. Building block for water based corrosion inhibitors. Easy to use. Short to long term indoor storage. Aerosol can protection. Easy to use. Hard water tolerant. Improved iron chip test results. Short to long term indoor storage. Hard water tolerant. General purpose aqueous rust preventive. Easy to use. Medium to long term indoor storage. Short term outdoor sheltered storage. Liquid rust preventive concentrate that easily forms stable emulsions when added to water with moderate stirring. Excellent rust protection for steel parts during storage and transportation. Selection Guide - Aqueous Corrosion Inhibitors Highly Recommended A A 420 KX450 Ease of Use 420, A KX450 Indoor Storage A KX Marine Environment A 420 KX450 Aerosol Cans Protection 420 KX A Stacking Wet Parts KX A

33 K-CORR NF Series Yellow Metal Deactivators K-CORR NF-200 is a premium ashless liquid yellow metal deactivator for industrial and automotive lubricants, greases, and rust preventive fluids. It complies with FDA 21 CFR standards and is NSF HX-1 registered. K-CORR NF-410 is a multifunctional additive that provides extreme pressure properties in addition to yellow metal protection. It can be used with K-CORR NF-200 to achieve higher levels of non-ferrous metal protection. Test Product Composition Description K-CORR NF-200 K-CORR NF-410 ADVANTAGES: Base Oil Proprietary Heterocyclic Derivative Sulfur & Nitrogen Chemistry Excellent thermal and hydrolytic stability Good demulsification Outstanding solubility in mineral oil and synthetic base stocks Good compatibility with other additives Low viscosity Enhanced oxidation stability K-CORR NF-200 is used in all types of lubricants and greases where copper and copper-alloy machine parts need to be protected from corrosion. The table below shows the ability of K-CORR NF-200 to protect copper against the corrosive effects of active sulfur. The incorporation of active sulfur into an ISO VG 32 oil results in severe corrosion of the copper strips in the ASTM D 130 test. Addition of a low treat level of K-CORR NF-200 offsets the detrimental effects of the active sulfur. No Additive ISO VG 32* + 50 ppm Sulfur** Premium ashless liquid yellow metal deactivator for industrial and automotive lubricants, greases, and rust preventive fluids. HX-1 registered - # Premium ashless liquid multifunctional additive providing extreme pressure and yellow metal protecting properties by scavenging active sulfur. 0.05% K-CORR NF-200 ISO VG ppm Sulfur No Additive ISO VG ppm Sulfur 1a 4a ASTM D 130 Copper 0.05% K-CORR NF-200 ISO VG ppm Sulfur K-CORR NF Series - Yellow Metal Deactivators Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 135 C 3a 4a 1a 4a 4c * Solvent refined paraffinic Group I oil, ** Elemental sulfur Additional formulations containing K-CORR NF-200 and K-CORR NF-410 can be found on pages 11, 13, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 40 of this product guide. Pages 31-32

34 O O HO R N O OR'' OR'' K-CORR 100 Series Ashless Rust Inhibitors R' O K-CORR Ashless Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors The K-CORR 100 Series is based on a unique amino acid derivative and is effective in a broad range of industrial lubricants and functional fluids. In addition to excellent rust protection at low additive levels, the K-CORR 100 inhibitors offer a variety of performance advantages in specific systems, including: Neutral behavior in FZG testing Excellent thermal stability Good hydrolytic stability Good demulsibility and water separation Antiwear synergism with selected EP/AW additives Enhanced oxidation stability Product Chemical Basis Acid Value (mg KOH/g) Description K-CORR 100 Amino Acid Derivative ~105 Ashless rust inhibitor and intermediate K-CORR 100A2 K-CORR 1031 Amino Acid Derivative with Amine Amino Acid Derivative with Amine ~80 Ashless rust inhibitor with improved solubility ~95 Premium ashless rust inhibitor Improving Antiwear Performance of Extreme Pressure Agents with K-CORR 100 Series Products Antiwear agents and rust inhibitors compete for sites on the substrate and typically are antagonistic towards each other. The K-CORR 100 Series rust inhibitors are unique because they are synergistic with a variety of EP/AW agents including phosphate esters, sulfurized olefins, triphenyl phosphorothionate (TPPT), and ashless dialkyldithiocarbamates. Scar Diameter: Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75ºC, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Without K-CORR 1031 With 0.25% K-CORR Paraffinic Base Oil ISO VG % TPPT 1.00% Phosphate Ester 1.00% Sulfurized Olefin

35 K-CORR 1031 and ADTC Synergy C 4 H 9 C 4 H 9 S N C S CH 2 S C S ADTC N C 4 H 9 C 4 H 9 At various additive treat levels in an ISO VG 32 paraffinic oil, K-CORR 1031 improves the low load antiwear performance of an additive normally chosen for high load extreme pressure effectiveness. The graph to the right shows an example of the antiwear synergism of K-CORR 1031 with the extreme pressure agent ADTC (an ashless dialkyldithiocarbamate). K-CORR 1031 Industrial Lubricant Performance Base Oil 0.35% K-CORR NF % K-CORR NF % K-CORR 1031 Paraffinic ISO VG 32 Paraffinic ISO VG % K-CORR NF % K-CORR 1031 Paraffinic ISO VG 32 Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B Fail Pass Pass Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Separation Time (minutes) Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 24 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 135 C a 1a 1a ASTM D 4172 Four Ball Wear Test 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm FZG A/8.3/90 (DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Scar Diameter (mm) Without K-CORR With 0.25% K-CORR Weight % NA- LUBE ADTC K-CORR 1031 imparts outstanding steel corrosion protection and demulsibility to formulated fluids. The table below shows the typical performance of K-CORR 1031 in an oil containing a dimercaptothiadiazole derivative. Average Scar Diameter 1a 1a 1a K-CORR Ashless Rust & Corrosion Inhibitors K-CORR 1031 at 0.06% in this base oil passes the standard steel corrosion tests without detracting from other test requirements. At an increased level of 0.25% K-CORR 1031, improvement in the Four Ball Wear performance, similar to that shown on the previous page, is demonstrated. Additive Compatibility A concern exists regarding the compatibility of ashless and metal-containing (primarily zinc) lubricants and functional fluids. Formulations containing K-CORR 100 Series rust inhibitors, particularly K-CORR 1031, are tolerant of contamination with zinc dithiophosphate-based fluids. Studies showing this behavior are available. Pages 33-34

36 K-CORR G Series Rust Inhibitors for Greases K-CORR G Series - Rust Inhibitors for Grease The K-CORR G Series was specifically designed for greases subjected to severe conditions. K-CORR G-1086A and K-CORR G-1270 are zinc-based. K-CORR G-1107 is ashless. All are formulated to enhance EP/AW properties and to minimize adverse effects on other grease properties, including water washout, water spray-off, penetration, and dropping point. PRODUCT Metal Content Attributes K-CORR G-1086A Zinc (9%) Antiwear synergist with first intention EP/AW additives K-CORR G-1107 None - Ashless Metal free rust preventive with excellent antiwear properties K-CORR G-1270 Zinc (16.8%) Especially suitable to fulfill severe rust requirements K-CORR G-1086A Performance Without Additive 1% G-1086A Without Additive 3% G-1086A Without Additive Base Grease Lithium 12-hydroxystearate (NLGI Number 2) Test Water 5% Synthetic Sea Water 100% Synthetic Sea Water Static Rust Test (ASTM D 5969) Fail Pass Fail Pass Fail 3% G-1086A 3% NaCI Solution Borderline Fail 4% G-1086A EMCOR Rust Test (ASTM D 6138, IP 220) 3,3 0,0 4,4 0,0 4,5 1,2 0,0 K-CORR G-1086A Performance - Three Week EMCOR K-CORR G-1086A is also able to meet new and aggressive industry targets for grease performance. One such target requires a grease to provide 1 maximum EMCOR ratings (almost rust-free races) after a three-week EMCOR test. K-CORR G-1086A can provide rust-free results using the three week EMCOR test and 100% synthetic sea water. 4% K-CORR G-1086A 4% K-CORR G-1086A 2% EP % ADTC 0.05% K-CORR NF-200 Base Grease Lithium 12-hydroxystearate (NLGI Number 2) Test Water 100% Synthetic Sea Water Three Week EMCOR Rust Test (ASTM D 6138, IP Modified) 0 0 K-CORR G-1107 Performance Pass Without Additive 1% G-1107 Without Additive 3% G % G-1107 Base Grease Lithium 12-hydroxystearate (NLGI Number 2) Test Water 5% Synthetic Sea Water 100% Synthetic Sea Water Static Rust Test (ASTM D 5969) Fail Pass Fail Pass EMCOR Rust Test (ASTM D 6138, IP 220) 3,3 0,0 4,4 2,2 Pass 0,0

37 K-CORR G Series Antiwear Performance K-CORR G-1107 Performance Continued Since greases have performance requirements other than just rust protection, it is important to consider the effects of rust inhibitors on different types of additives and on other grease properties. In addition to imparting excellent rust protection, K-CORR G-1107 also imparts excellent antiwear performance. Base Grease 3.0% K-CORR G % ADTC 3.0% Zinc Phosphate 0.05% K-CORR NF % ADTC 3.0% Zinc Phosphate 0.05% K-CORR NF % K-CORR G-1107 EMCOR Rust Test (ASTM D 6138, IP 220) 5% Synthetic Sea Water 0,0 2,2 0,0 Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 2266) 1 hour, 75ºC, 40 kgf, 1200 rpm Scar Diameter (mm) Four Ball Weld Load (ASTM D 2596) 10 seconds, 25ºC, 1800 rpm OK Load (kgf) Weld Load (kgf) Lithium 12-hydroxystearate (NLGI Number 2) K-CORR G-1270 Performance In 5% & 100% Synthetic Sea Water Without Additive 1% G Without Additive Base Grease Lithium 12-hydroxystearate (NLGI Number 2) % G-1270 Test Water 5% Synthetic Sea Water 100% Synthetic Sea Water Static Rust Test (ASTM D 5969) Fail Pass Fail Pass EMCOR Rust Test (ASTM D 6138, IP 220) 3,3 0,0 4,4 2,2 K-CORR ZN-510 K-CORR G Series - Rust Inhibitors for Grease K-CORR ZN-510 is a zinc naphthenate rust inhibitor for industrial and automotive greases. Effective at low treat levels, K-CORR ZN-510 has excellent solubility in mineral oils, synthetic oils and greases. PRODUCT Metal Content Attributes K-CORR ZN-510 Zinc (10%) Highly effective rust inhibitor for grease. Pages 35-36

38 K-CORR SA-300 Ashless Rust Inhibitor K-CORR SA Ashless Rust Inhibitor K-CORR SA-300 is an ashless rust inhibitor based upon organic acid/ester chemistry. The additive is highly efficient and may be used at treat levels as low as 0.03% to pass the ASTM D 665B test in R&O circulating oils and HF-2 hydraulic oils. In addition, it is recommended for formulating high performance ashless steam turbine oils, paper machine oils, industrial and automotive gear oils, greases, and rust preventive fluids. Advantages: Ashless Outstanding rust and corrosion protection Excellent demulsification Good thermal and hydrolytic stability Soluble in highly paraffinic and synthetic base oils Effective at very low treat levels Excellent compatibility with all types of conventional functional additives The following table shows that the addition of a low treat level of K-CORR SA-300 imparts excellent steel corrosion protection to an oil already containing antioxidants. In addition, K-CORR SA-300 exhibits no adverse effects on other performance tests including copper corrosion, demulsibility, and rotating pressure vessel oxidation. Further addition of a low treat level of an ashless yellow metal deactivator to the formulation significantly increases the oxidation resistance of the oil as indicated by rotating pressure vessel oxidation testing % AO % AO % AO % AO % K-CORR SA-300 Base Oil ISO VG 46 (Group II ) * 0.125% AO % AO % K-CORR SA % K-CORR NF-200 Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B Fail Pass Pass Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 3 hours, 135 C Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Separation Time (Minutes) RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) Lifetime (Minutes) * Compared to solvent refined HVI oils, Group II oils are more difficult to inhibit because the natural antioxidants (sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen-containing compounds) have been removed by the refining process. The current industry trend is towards Group II and Group III base oils.

39 King Industries NSF HX-1 Registered Products King Industries now offers a number of high performance additives and base oils/base oil modifiers that are NSF HX-1 registered for use in lubricants with incidental food contact. Complying with FDA CFR , these specialty products include: KR-006FG, KR-015FG, and KR-029FG are unique alkylated aromatic base oils with good solubility and exceptional hydrolytic and thermo-oxidative stability. AW-6400FG is a high performance, multi-functional additive that offers anticorrosion, antiwear and extreme pressure properties. AO-142 is a liquid, easy to handle, diphenylamine antioxidant. K-CORR NF-200 is an ashless, yellow metal deactivator/corrosion inhibitor. NA-SUL CA-770FG is a premium rust inhibitor that provides excellent demulsibility and filterability and is compatible with a wide range of additives and base stocks. PRODUCT Chemical Composition 40 C ASTM D 445 DIN SYNTHETIC BASE OILS & BASE OIL MODIFIERS KR-006FG KR-015FG KR-029FG Proprietary Alkylated Aromatic Proprietary Alkylated Aromatic Proprietary Alkylated Aromatic HIGH PERFORMANCE ADDITIVES Liquid Rust Preventive/Demulsifier NA-SUL CA-770FG Neutral Calcium Sulfonate in PAO 36 mm 2 /s (cst) 124 mm 2 /s (cst) 174 mm 2 /s (cst) 214 mm 2 /s (cst) 25 C ASTM D g/ml 7.5 lbs/gal g/ml 7.40 lbs/gal g/ml 7.29 lbs/gal 0.91 g/ml 7.6 lbs/gal Liquid Multifunctional Additive (Anticorrosion, Antiwear & Extreme Pressure) Misc. Pour Point ASTM D 97-33ºC Pour Point ASTM D C Pour Point ASTM D C Flash Point, COC ASTM D 92 DIN ºC Maximum Allowable Treat Level NSF HX-1 Registration # 100%* %* %* % by weight NSF HX-1 Registered Products AW-6400FG Amine Salts of Aliphatic Phosphoric Acid Esters 1400 mm 2 /s (cst) 0.97 g/ml 8.06 lbs/gal Content Nitrogen 2.4% Phosphorus 8.3% 0.5% by weight Liquid Diphenylamine Antioxidant AO-142 Butylated, Octylated Diphenylamine 280 mm 2 /s (cst) 0.98 g/ml 8.20 lbs/gal Content Nitrogen 4.5% 0.5% by weight Liquid Yellow Metal Deactivator/Corrosion Inhibitor K-CORR NF-200 Proprietary Heterocyclic Derivative 78 mm 2 /s (cst) 0.95 g/ml 7.90 lbs/gal Flash Point, COC ASTM D 92 DIN C 0.1% by weight Pages * Not to exceed minimum amount required to achieve desired technical effect

40 Performance King HX-1 Registered Products Synthetic Base Oils - KR-006FG, KR-015FG & KR-029FG NSF HX-1 Registered Products These unique synthetic base oils are used to formulate high performance lubricants and greases. They offer outstanding solubility and excellent hydrolytic and thermo-oxidative stability. The three charts below demonstrate KR-015FG s superior thermo-oxidative stability over other commonly used NSF HX-1 oils when tested in RPVOT, PDSC and Cincinnati Milacron Thermal Oxidative Stability at equivalent viscosities. Though not shown below, KR-006FG and KR-029FG offer similar performance and advantages over the other NSF HX-1 oils tested. Thermo-Oxidative Stability Comparison ( KR-015FG to Other NSF HX-1 Oils) The oils tested below were chosen for having equal viscosities to KR-015FG and are as follows. Base Oil PAO PAG White Oil KR-015FG 40 C 124 cst 120 cst 124 cst 122 cst RPVOT - ASTM D 2272 Rotating Pressurized Vessel Oxidation Test BASE FLUID PAO PAG White Oil KR-015FG Neat Induction Time (Minutes) % AO-142 Induction Time (Minutes) PDSC - ASTM D 3895 Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry BASE FLUID PAO PAG White Oil 200 C Induction Time (Minutes) Heat Flow (W/g) Peak MODIFIED CINCINNATI MILACRON TEST Cincinnati Milacron Thermal Stability Test Modified to higher temperatures (200 C, 225 C) Conditions Neat 200 C Neat 225 C BASE FLUID Total Sludge (mg/100ml) % Viscosity Increase Total Sludge (mg/100ml) % Viscosity Increase KR-015FG PAO

41 Performance King HX-1 Registered Products AW-6400FG Performance AW-6400FG is an ashless, HX-1 approved, multifunctional additive that offers anticorrosion, antiwear and EP properties. As shown, AW-6400FG is effective in a variety of H-1 approved base oils. HX-1 Approved Base Oil 0.50% AW-6400FG PAO % AW-6400FG White Oil 0.50% AW-6400FG KR-029FG 0.50% AW-6400FG 40 C 96 cst 110 cst 177 cst 220 cst Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665, DIN ) A & B Pass Pass Pass Pass Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Separation Time (Minutes) Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 24 hours, 100 C Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 75 C, 1200 rpm, 30 kgf, Scar Diameter (mm) 1 hour, 75 C, 1200 rpm, 40 kgf, Scar Diameter (mm) Four Ball Weld (ASTM D 2783) 10 seconds, 25 C, 1800 rpm OK Load (kgf) Weld Load (kgf) Ashless Additives a a AO-142 & K-CORR NF a Ester K-CORR NF-200 is a HX-1 food grade approved yellow metal deactivator that protects copper and copper alloys against corrosion initiated by active sulfur. K-CORR NF-200 also enhances the oxidation stability of food grade lubricants and greases when used in combination with HX-1 food grade approved AO-142 and an ashless dithiocarbamate. Base Oil Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130, DIN ) 3 hours, 100 C 24 hours, 100 C Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401, DIN ) Oil-Water-Emulsion Time (Minutes) 0.20% AO-142 1a 2a % AO % Ashless Dithiocarbamate ISO VG White Oil 3b a % AO % Ashless Dithiocarbamate 0.05% K-CORR NF-200 1a RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) Lifetime (Minutes) K-CORR NF-200 is recommended for formulating high performance food grade circulating and steam turbine oils, hydraulic oils, vacuum oils, and industrial gear oils, as well as greases. NSF HX-1 Registered Products Pages 39-40

42 Additive Packages for Industrial Oils and Greases Many of the NA-SUL, and K-CORR additives are multifunctional. Ongoing additive technical service and the continued study of interactions, both positive and negative, lead to the development of packages that incorporates the desirable features into one blend. The packages below are the results of projects targeted at specialty requirements and are generally available in lieu of additive component formulating. Product Description Technical Reports Additive Packages - Blends BL-1208 BL-1232 EL (Eco-Label) AW-6310 Ashless AW R&O package for industrial oils with outstanding antioxidant performance in RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) and TOST (ASTM D 943) at less than 1.0% treat level. Test results are available in Group I, II, III, IV (PAO) and canola oils. Environmentally friendly multifunctional ashless hydraulic oil package specifically designed for ester based functional fluids. The focus of NA -LUBE BL-1232 EL is DIN ISO 15360: Typical use is 1.8%. The incorporation of BL-1232 EL into the formulation does not require any additional regulatory labeling and holds the distinction as the first additive package in compliance with the European Ecolabel criteria for lubricants. Multifunctional package for AW and rust protection. Adding 0.1% AW-6310 to 0.7% BL-1208 will improve FZG performance from ~9 to >12 damage load stages. The addition of 0.3% AW-6310 to 0.7% BL-1208 will produce a mild EP industrial gear oil in the appropriate base fluid. Typical Properties - BL Series BL In Ashless Industrial R&O Oils 2. In Canola Oil 3. In Group III Oils (Modified with KR) BL-1232 EL 1. In Saturated Esters 2. Extended Seal Compatibility 3. Saturated vs. Unsaturated Esters Please request our BL-1232 EL flyer for details of its use. AW-6310 Multifunctional Ashless Lubricant Additive See page 11 for performance details TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance BL-1208 Clear amber, moderately viscous liquid Sulfur Content 7.0% Nitrogen Content 3.5% Phosphorus Content 0.2% 40 C 132 mm 2 /s (cst) ASTM D 445, DIN C 9 mm 2 /s (cst) ASTM D 445, DIN C g/ml ASTM D 4052 Weight per 25 C 8.1 lbs. Flash Point, COC 140 C ASTM D 92, DIN NOTE: The above data are not specifications. BL-1232 EL Clear amber, slightly viscous liquid 8.2% 2.7% 0.9% 180 mm 2/ /s (cst) 11 mm 2/ /s (cst) g/ml 8.2 lbs. 170 C

43 BL-1208 Performance - Group I, II, III & IV Oils The tables on this page and the following page demonstrate the performance of BL-1208 at 0.7 % in typical Group I, II, III and IV base oils. Most of the test results are similar across the four oils except oxidation stability, which increases with the degree of refinement of the base oils. Base Oil ISO VG 46 ISO VG 46 ISO VG 46 PAO 6 cst Group I Group II Group III Group IV Treat Level of BL-1208, % Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665) Most Severe Specification Siemens TLV Procedure B Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130) GEK ISO/DP 3 hours, 100 C max. 24 hours, 100 C 3a 3a 2a 3a Demulsibility (ASTM D 54ºC Siemens TLV Oil-Water-Emulsion min. Time (minutes) max. FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2)* Damage Load Stage n/d 9 n/d n/d Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 40 kgf, Ambient, 1 hour, 1,200 rpm Scar Diameter (mm) Hydrolytic Stability (ASTM D 2619) Alstom HTGD 9 min. Industry Desired Copper Loss (mg/cm 2 ) max. (HF-0) TAN of Water Layer (mg KOH) max. (HF-0) Copper Appearance (ASTM D 130) 2a 2b 2e 3a 3 max. Filtration, Wet AFNOR E 68691, FI DIN ISO , F I Air Release (ASTM D 3427) Brown Boven DIN BS 489 Additive Packages - Blends (minutes) max. CM Thermal Stability (ASTM D 2070) Cincinnati Lamb Viscosity Change (%) max. Acid Number Change (mg KOH/g) max. Condition of Steel/Copper Rod: Color 1.5/5 1.5/4 1.5/3 1.5/4 Steel Rod Deposit / Metal Loss (mg) 0.9/ / / /0.0 Copper Rod Deposit / Metal Loss (mg) 2.4/ / / /0.0 Total Sludge (mg/100 ml) max. Whatman Precipitate (mg/100 ml) Millipore Precipitate (mg/100 ml) RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) DIN Lifetime (minutes) min. * The FZG Gear Test performance was determined for the Group II oil. Experience suggests that the result will be similar for the other three oils of the same viscosity. If increasing performance in the FZG Test is desired, addition of 0.1% of AW-6310 is expected to increase the damage load stage to >12. Pages Continued Next Page

44 BL-1208 Performance - Group I, II, III & IV Oils Continued Base Oil ISO VG 46 Group I ISO VG 46 Group II ISO VG 46 Group III PAO 6 cst Group IV Most Severe Specification RPVOT Modified (GEK A) GEK Lifetime (minutes) Decrease compared to unmodified test (%) max. Turbine Oil Sludge (ASTM D 4310) Brown Bowen 1000-hour sludge (g) max. Additive Packages - Blends Cu in Oil / Water layers (ppm, X-ray) 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 TOST (ASTM D 943) 95ºC, O 2, Fe and Cu Catalysts DIN Hours to TAN 2 (mg KOH/g) 3600 >10000 >12000 > min. Oxidation Stability (IP-280) Volatile Acid (mg KOH/g) Soluble Acid (mg KOH/g) Sludge (%) Total Oxidation Products (%) Formulating Industrial Gear Oils With BL-1208 The performance data that follow demonstrate how 0.3% BL-1208 used with 1.1% of King s KX1236, an ashless EP/AW booster, can be used to meet the requirements of the AGMA 9005-E02 Industrial Gear Oil Specification in both conventional and synthetic base stocks. (Note that the new AG- MA specification requires a FZG result >12 load stages but does not include Timken, Four Ball Wear and Four Ball Weld performance, as previously required in the US Steel No. 224 specification that is shown for reference.) The data also show that 0.3% AW-6310 can be added to an R&O oil containing 0.7% BL-1208 to meet the AGMA 9005-E02 Industrial Gear Oil Specification, however, this blend does not show as good EP performance as the BL-1208/KX1236 blend, as noted using the Four Ball Weld test. BL-1208 Performance In Industrial Gear Oils ADDITIVES ISO VG % BL % KX1236 Mineral Oil 0.30% BL % KX % PAO 40 cst 10% PAO 8 cst 10% DIDA* 0.70% BL % AW-6310 Mineral Oil AGMA 9005-E02 Industrial Gear Oil EP Specification Mineral Oil Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 40 kgf, 1200 rpm, 75ºC, 1 hour (mm) 40 kgf, 1800 rpm, 75ºC, 1 hour (mm) 30 kgf, 1800 rpm, 75ºC, 1 hour (mm) 20 kgf, 1800 rpm, 75ºC, 1 hour (mm) US Steel No max Four Ball Weld (ASTM D 2783) 10 seconds, 1800 rpm, 25ºC OK Load (kgf) Weld Load (kgf) US Steel No kgf min *DIDA - Diisodecyladipate

45 TESTS ADDITIVES ISO VG % BL % KX1236 Mineral Oil 0.30% BL % KX % PAO 40 cst 10% PAO 8 cst 10% DIDA* 0.70% BL % AW-6310 Mineral Oil AGMA 9005-E02 Industrial Gear Oil EP Specification Mineral Oil Timken (ASTM D 2782) OK Load (lbs) Total Weight Loss (ring+block, mg) US Steel No lbs min FZG (ASTM D 5182) A/8.3/90 >12 >12 >12 >12 Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130) 3 hours, 100ºC 24 hours, 100ºC 2a Dark 3a max Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665) B Pass Pass Pass Pass Demulsibility (ASTM D 1401) 180ºF Oil-Water-Emulsion Time (minutes) Demulsibility (ASTM D 2711) Amount of free water (ml) Water in oil (%) Amount of emulsion (ml) Proc. A Proc. B Proc. B Proc. A Proc. B <0.1 RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) Minutes Gear Oil Oxidation (ASTM D 2893) 312 hours, 121ºC (250ºF) ASTM D ºC Original Viscosity (cst) Oxidized Viscosity (cst) Viscosity Increase (%) ASTM D 91 Precipitation Number Original Precipitation Number (ml) Oxidized Precipitation Number (ml) Seal Compatibility (DIN / 53538, Part 1) SRE NBR / 7 days / 100ºC Relative Change in Volume Rel. Change - Shore A Hardness, (%) Change in Elongation (%) Change in Tensile Strength (%) *DIDA - Diisodecyladipate _ Proc. B 80.0 min 2.0 max 1.0 max 6 max. Additive Packages - Blends BL-1208 does not contain a foam inhibitor. A foam inhibitor can be added to improve foam properties, as shown in the following table. TESTS 0.30% BL % KX1236 No Defoamer 0.30% BL % KX % Defoamer 0.70% BL % AW % Defoamer AGMA 9005-E02 Industrial Gear Oil EP Specification Oil Mineral Oil ISO VG 220 Mineral Oil ISO VG 220 Mineral Oil ISO VG 220 Mineral Oil ISO VG 220 Foam Test (ASTM D 892) Sequence I, 25ºC (ml) Sequence II, 93ºC (ml) Sequence III, 25ºC (ml) max 50-0 max 50-0 max Pages 43-44

46 BL-1208 Performance In Canola Oil BL-1208 can be used to formulate general purpose turbine and circulating oils where an environmentally friendly fluid based on triglycerides (HETG) is desired. A treat level of 2.2% BL-1208 can impart excellent Rust Protection, RPVOT Oxidation Stability, and improved Four Ball Wear performance to canola oil while imparting no or minimal effects to other performance tests. BL-1208 Performance - Canola Oil Canola Oil Alone With 2.2% BL-1208 VDMA HETG Requirements Additive Packages - Blends Treat Level, % Base Fluid Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665) Agri-Pure 60 Canola Oil Procedure B Fail Pass RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) Lifetime (minutes) Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130) 3 hours, 100 C 2 max. 24 hours, 100 C Demulsibility (ASTM D 54ºC Oil-Water-Emulsion Time (minutes) FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage -- >12 Not required but good result is 100 min. Not required but good results are min. 30 max. Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172), 1200 rpm 40 kgf, 75 C, 1hour, Scar Diameter (mm) kgf, 75 C, 1hour, Scar Diameter (mm) Hydrolytic Stability (ASTM D 2619) Copper Loss (mg/cm 2 ) TAN of Water Layer (mg KOH) Copper Appearance (ASTM D 130) Foam Test (ASTM D 892) Sequence I, 25ºC (ml) max. Sequence II, 93ºC (ml) max. Sequence III, 25ºC (ml) max.

47 BL-1208 Performance In Soybean Oil Testing was also conducted using a soybean oil. At a treat level of 1.8%, BL-1208 again imparts excellent Rust Protection, RPVOT Oxidation Stability, and improved Four Ball Wear performance while imparting no or minimal effects to other performance tests. BL-1208 Performance - Soybean Oil Soybean Oil Alone With 1.8% BL-1208 VDMA HETG Requirements Treat Level, % Base Fluid Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665) Agri-Pure 82 Soybean Oil Procedure B Fail Pass RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) Not required but a good result Lifetime (minutes) is 100 min. Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130) 3 hours, 100 C 1a 1a 2 max. 24 hours, 100 C 1a Demulsibility (ASTM D 54ºC Oil-Water-Emulsion, ml Time (minutes) Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172), 1200 rpm 30 kgf, 75 C, 1 hour, Scar Diameter (mm) kgf, 75 C, 1 hour, Scar Diameter (mm) CM Thermal Stability (ASTM D 2070) Viscosity Change (%) Not required but good results are min. 30 max. Additive Packages - Blends Acid Number Change (mg KOH/g) Condition of Steel Rod: Color 1 1 Steel Rod Deposit/Metal Loss (mg) 0.9/ /0.8 Condition of Copper Rod: Color 2 4 Copper Rod Deposit/Metal Loss (mg) 0.6/ /1.6 Total Sludge (mg/100ml) Whatman Precipitate (mg/100 ml) Millipore Precipitate (mg/100 ml) Foam Test (ASTM D 892) Sequence I, 25ºC (ml) 10ml-Trace Trace max. Sequence II, 93ºC (ml) 0-0 Trace max. Pages Sequence III, 25ºC (ml) Trace-0 Trace max.

48 NEW BL-1232 EL Environmentally Driven...Performance Proven Throughout the world, environmentally friendly lubricants are being developed to replace older technologies that are non-renewable and are contaminates when released into soil or water. Almost universally, the challenge formulators face when developing these new, replacement products is maintaining or surpassing the performance characteristics of the original. Additive Packages - Blends A particular area of focus for new greener lubricants has been hydraulic fluids, given their propensity to leak and the ensuing ground and water contamination. Here too, the challenge has been finding additives and additive packages that are eco-friendly and deliver the performance needed. In that regard, King Industries is proud to introduce BL-1232 EL, an ashless, multifunctional additive package specifically designed for use in ester based systems including hydraulic fluids. Additive Package BL-1232 EL has been evaluated against the latest European Ecolabel criteria for lubricants. Based on that evaluation, BL-1232 EL, when used as a single additive, qualifies for use in a final product eligible for the European Ecolabel in a concentration up to 1.8% by weight. BL-1232 EL Performance With Saturated Esters Base Fluid Priolube 1973 Saturated Ester Treat Level, % Neat With 1.8% BL-1232 EL Steel Corrosion (ASTM D 665) Procedure A (distilled H 2O) Procedure B (synthetic sea water) Demulsibility (ASTM D (54 C) Oil-Water-Emulsion Time (minutes) Fail Fail Pass Pass Radialube 7588 Saturated Ester Neat With 1.8% BL-1232 EL Fail Fail Pass Pass Specification DIN ISO Pass Pass FZG A/8.3/90 (ASTM D 5182, DIN Part 2) Damage Load Stage n/d >12 n/d min. Four Ball Wear (ASTM D 4172) 1 hour, 22 C, 15 kgf, 1500 rpm (mm) 1 hour, 22 C, 30 kgf, 1500 rpm (mm) 1 hour, 75 C, 40 kgf, 1500 rpm (mm) n/d n/d max. 30 max. V 104C Vane Pump (DIN EN ISO ) Wear Loss Ring (mg) Wear Loss Vanes (mg) n/d n/d n/d Copper Corrosion (ASTM D 130) 3 hours, 100 C 1a 1a 2 max. AFNOR Filtration Dry (E 68690) FI Wet (E 68691) FI Filterability Dry (DIN ISO ) F I F II min. 60 min. Filterability Wet (DIN ISO ) F l F ll min. 50 min.

49 Base Fluid Priolube 1973 Saturated Ester Treat Level, % Neat With 1.8% BL-1232 EL Hydrolytic Stability (ASTM D 2619) Copper Loss (mg/cm 2 ) TAN of Water Layer (mg/koh) Copper Appearance (ASTM D 130) a Radialube 7588 Saturated Ester Neat With 1.8% BL-1232 EL c Specification DIN ISO RPVOT (ASTM D 2272) 150 C, H 2O, O 2, Cu Catalyst Lifetime (minutes) < < Dry TOST (ASTM D 943 Modified) 95 C, O 2, Fe and Cu Catalysts Starting Acid Number (mg KOH/g) Time (hours) to TAN 2 mg KOH/g < ,880 < ,016 TAN< hours Baader Test (DIN , 72 hours, 110 C) Change in 40 C, (mm 2 /s) Change in Acid Number (mg KOH/g) Sludge or Precipitate n/d n/d n/d 20 Air Release Properties (DIN 51381) 50 C (minutes) max. Foam Test* (ASTM D 892) Sequence I, 25 C (ml) Sequence II, 93 C (ml) Sequence III, 25 C (ml) * BL-1232 EL does not contain a foam inhibitor. Seal Compatibility (DIN / 53538, Part 1) SRE-NBR / 7 days / 100 C Relative Volume Change (%) Relative Change Shore A Hardness Change in Elongation at Break (%) Chg. in Tensile Strength at Break (%) Labeling Information for Europe to 10 +/ max. 30 max. BL-1232 EL, when used as a single additive (up to 1.8% total formula weight), qualifies for use in a final product eligible for the European Ecolabel. When BL-1232 EL is used in combination with other additives, then the maximum treat level needs to be redefined to meet Ecolabel requirements. Additive Packages - Blends Ecolabel: Formulators of final products will need to provide additional information (e.g. performance test results, toxicity and biodegradability data on base oils and any other additives, components) in order to use the European Ecolabel on the final product. Regulatory Labeling: The incorporation of this additive into a formulation does not require any additional regulatory labeling. For more information about the EU Ecolabel, visit Pages 47-48

50 Over Seven Decades of Manufacturing Experience Coupled with a Commitment to Superior Technical Service King Industries, Inc., a pioneer in the development of synthetic sulfonates, maintains state of the art manufacturing facilities for a broad range of specialty chemical products. King Industries is ISO 9001, ISO and ISO certified and controls all aspects of production, from raw materials to custom finished products. Technical Service & Contact Info Incorporating integrated manufacturing capabilities, from alkylation to sulfonation, neutralization to purification, we (King) have unique technologies and processes to work with you on your additive requirements. Technical Service Capabilities To develop today s high performance industrial lubricants, greases, and rust preventives, extensive testing and practical experience are required. We maintain a broad range of ASTM, DIN and IP testing capabilities and equipment coupled with committed, experienced personnel to assist you in your formulating endeavors. Our performance testing capabilities in our Technical Service Laboratories include: Rust Protection Yellow Metal Corrosion Protection Wear/Weld Performance Oxidative Stability Thermal Stability Hydrolytic Stability Demulsibility Filterability Coefficient of Friction - (SRV) Grease Properties The technical service that we offer to existing and potential customers are an important part of our business. As an experienced lubricant additive supplier, our goal is to help customers fulfill their needs by designing specific technical solutions targeted towards their applications. By using this approach, we can help position our customers products in the current and future marketplaces.

51 King Global Network King Industries is headquartered in Norwalk, CT, USA and maintains technical sales offices in Waddinxveen, The Netherlands and Zhongshan, China. A network of technical sales representatives and distributors serve King customers in virtually every industrialized country of the world. In addition to lubricant additives, King manufacturers and markets specialty products for the paint and coatings industry, electronics industry, rubber industry, inks, sealants and adhesives. For additional information on King products or our global network of technical sales representatives, please contact our primary offices as shown below. WORLD HEADQUARTERS King Industries, Inc. 1 Science Road Norwalk, CT Phone: Fax: LAD@kingindustries.com Additional Information ASIA-PACIFIC OFFICE Synlico Tech (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd. 106 Chuangye Building, Kang Le Ave. Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan, China Phone: Fax: alex.he@kingindustries.com Visit us at: EUROPEAN OFFICE King Industries, International Noordkade EZ Waddinxveen The Netherlands Phone: Fax: dgartz@kingindustries.com Detailed product data sheets for each product and performance reports are available by contacting the King offices as shown above or ing; LAD@kingindustries.com. Technical Service & Contact Info Warranty of Information NA-SUL,, and K-CORR are registered trademarks of King Industries, Inc. The results shown in this brochure reflect data generated by King Industries Technical Service Laboratories. Actual results may vary depending on the additive package, base oil, thickener system, and test equipment design. The conditions of your use and application of our products, technical assistance and information (whether verbal, written or by way of product evaluations), including any suggested formulations and recommendations, are beyond our control. Therefore, it is imperative that you test our products, technical assistance and information to determine to your own satisfaction whether they are suitable for your intended uses and applications. Such testing has not necessarily been done by King Industries, Inc. ( King ). The facts, recommendations and suggestions herein stated are believed to be reliable; however, no guaranty or warranty of their accuracy is made. EXCEPT AS STATED, THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS OR OTHERWISE. KING SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES. Any statement inconsistent herewith is not authorized and shall not bind King. Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product(s) in conflict with patents covering any material or its use. No license is implied or granted under the claims of any patent. Sales or use of all products are pursuant to Standard Terms and Conditions stated in King sales documents. Pages 49-50

52 King Industries, Inc. 1 Science Rd. Norwalk, CT Phone: Fax: LAD@kingindustries.com LGB-32012