HAND BOOK OF LUBRICANTS, GREASES AND PETROCHEMICALS TECHNOLOGY
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1 HAND BOOK OF LUBRICANTS, GREASES AND PETROCHEMICALS TECHNOLOGY Click to enlarge DescriptionAdditional ImagesReviews (0)Related Books HAND BOOK OF LUBRICANTS, GREASES AND PETROCHEMICALS TECHNOLOGY PRODUCT INTRODUCTION LUBRICATING BASE STOCKS Classification Composition and properties of Lubricating oil fractions Production of lub stocks Deasphalting Solvent refining Dewaxing Decolourizing Yield and properties of lubricating oil base stocks Yield Properties Typical properties of Base stocks from Aghajari Crude Development in process ing in India OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION AND STABILISATION OF MINERAL OIL BASED LUBRICANTS Autoxidation of hydrocarbons Oxidation of hydrocarbons at low temperature
2 Initiation of the radical chain reaction Propagation of the radical chain reaction Chain branching Termination of the radical chain reaction Oxidation of hydrocarbons at high temperature Secondary oxidation phase Metal catalysed autooxidation of hydrocarbons Oxidation stability of base oils Inhibition of oxidation degradation of lubricants Radical scavengers Sterically hindered phenols Reaction mechanism Aromatic amines Reaction mechanism Organocopper antioxidants Organosulfur Compounds Zinc dialky dithicarbamates Multifunctional additives Zinc dithiophosphates organomolybdenum compounds phenates and salicylates sulfur nitrogen and sulfur/phshours compounds Synergism between antioxidants Application of antioxidants Anti wear hydraulic fluids Future antioxidant technology Antiodidants for industrial lubricants Antioxidants for engine oils LUBRICATING OILS CLASSIFICATION Classification Automotive oils Crankcase Oils Axle and Transmission oils Automatic Transmission Oils Industrial lubricating oils Machine and engine oils Steam Cylinder oils Steam turbine oils Diesel Engine Oils Compressor oils Spindle Oils Gear oils Hydraulic oils Circulating oils Electric Motor Bearing Oils Wire Rope Lubricants
3 Speciality oils Insulating oils Transformer oils Switchgear oils Cable oils Capicitor oils White oils Medicinal white oils Technical white oils Instrument oils Spray oils Plant spray oils Dust allaying oils Textile oils Rubber oils Vacuum pump oils Refrigerator oils Metal working oils Cutting oils Soluble cutting oils Straight cutting oils Metal forming oils Rollingoils Drawing oils Heat treatment oils Quenching oils Tempering oils SYNTHETIC FLUIDS Polyalphaolefins Properties and applications Table base fluid comparisons Alkylated aromatics Production and general propertes Applications Polybutenes Markets Properties Lubricant applications Synthetic esters Ester types Manufacture of esters Physicochemical properties of ester lubricant Hydrolytic stability Environmental aspects
4 Polyalkylene glycols Key properties applications Phosphate esters SPECIALITY OILS Acid Treatment Reaction and purpose Reaction Temperature Acid dosage Process of manufacturing Neutralization and washing Sludge disposal/pollution control Recovery of sulphonates Clay treatment and filtration Purpose and action Absorbents Percolation filtration process Hydrotreating process Base stocks Madras refineries Ltd. Lube India Ltd. MISCELLANEOUS ADDITIVES AND VEGETABLE OILS Friction modifier Introducton Friction and lubricating regimes Friction modifier mechanisms Chemical aspect of friction modifiers Antagonisms between friction modifers and other additives Lubricity additives in Diesel fuel Pour point depressants Low temperature operations Mechanism of pour point depressants Demulsifiers and antifoams Emulsion stabilisation Demulsification Demulsifiers Foam stability Antifoams Foam studies Corrosion inhibitors The process of corrosioncorrosion inhibitors Corrosion testing
5 Vegetable oils Chemistry and physical properties Extraction and processing Uses VARIOUS FORMULATIONS OF LUBRICANTS AND GREASE Textile Lubricants Lubrication for Wool Lubricant for Worsted Yarn Textile Lubricant for Spinning Jute, etc. Rope Lubricant Some Important Formula U.S. Patent Preparation of complex Soap Lead base Greases Importance of Soap Salt Complexes, and their Characteristics General claims for Soap Salt Complexes for Lubricating Greases Some Methods for Forming Soap Salt Complexes Complex Aluminium Soap Lubricating Greases Complex Barium Soap Lubricating Greases Complex Calcium Soap Lubricant Another Example is: Complex Lithium Soap Salt Lubricating Greases Complex Strontium Soap Lubricating Greases ASPHALT TECHNOLOGY Source of Asphalt (Bitumen) Chemical Structure of Asphalt Action of Heat on Asphalt Types of Asphalts Air Blowing of Bitumen Upgradation of Heavy Crudes SPECIALTY PRODUCTS Industrial Grease Manufacture of Calcium Grease Liquid Paraffin Production of Paraffins Petroleum Jellys TREATMENT OF LUBES Sulfuric Acid Treatment Clay Treatment Solvent Treatment Duo-sol (Selecto) About Extraction
6 THE FORMULATION OF AUTOMOTIVE LUBRICANT Why there are so many type of lubricant Multifunctional Lubricants INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANTS General aspects of industrial lubricants Classification of industrial lubricants LUBRICATING GREASES Grease Vs oil Advantage Disadvantage The constituents of grease Petroleum oils Thickeners Soap gelling agents Non soaps gelling agents Synthetic fluids Additives Fillers Classification of greases Sodium soap greases Calcium Soap Grease Lithium soap greases Aluminium soap greases Other greases Mixed soap grease Silica Based Greases Clay based greases Carbon Black greases Phthalocyanines Based greases Indanthrene bases greases Sodium octadecy terephthalamate bases greases Aryl substituted urea based greases Diamidodicarbonyl based greases Synthetic greases Classification according to use Structure of grases Soap gelling agent Properties of greases Viscosity of the oil Loss on evaporation Oxidation stability Heat stability
7 Temperature limits of operation Mechanical properties Operating life MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING GREASES Soap base greases Conventional method Calcium soap greases Manufacture of anhydrous grease Sodium greases Mixed soap greases Manufacture of aluminium and lithium base greases Aluminium base greases Lithium base greases Manufacture of cold sett greases Non soap base greases LUBRICANT AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT Used industrial lubricants Used automotive lubricant Treatment of collected lubricant Production of fuel oil blending component Reclamation of lubricating oils Production of re-refined lubricant base oils Acid/clay treatment Solvent extraction Health and safety aspects of re-refined oil Environmental consideration of waste lubricant Biodegradation tests of oils Current status and applicability Future trends JATROPHA (BIO DIESEL) CULTIVATION & EXTRACTION Process of Manufacture Plant Economics of Jatropha (Bio-Disel) Cultivation & Extraction CRUDE OIL BLEACHING FOR PETROLEUM JELLY Techniquies of Manufacturing Process Acid Treatment Reaction and Purpose Temperature Plant Economics f Crude oil Bleaching of Petroleum Jelly
8 Raw Materials Total Working Capital/Month Total Capital Investment Turn Over/Anum SOLUBLE CUTTING OIL Process Flow Diagram for the Manufacture of Soluble Cutting Oil Raw Materials Total working capital/month Total capital investment Turn over/annum EMULSIFIERS FOR CUTTING OILS Formulation of Cutting Oil Emulsifier base Plant Economics of Emulsifier for Cutting Oil Total Working Capital Month Total Capital Investment Turn Over/Annum PETROLEUM JELLY Process of Manufacture Plant Economics of Petroleum Jelly Raw Materials Total Working Capital/Month Total Capital Investment Turn over/annum TOLUENE AND SBP FROM CRUDE NAPHTHA Plant Economics of Toluene and SBP from Crude Naphtha Raw Materials WHITE OIL FROM KEROSENE OIL Plant Economics of White Oil from Kerosene Oil Total Capital Investment Turn over/annum TRANSFORMER OIL Plant Economics of Transformer Oil Raw Materials Total working capital/month
9 Total capital investment Turn Over/Annum BIODIESEL PROJECT REPORT Product Description and Uses Market Survey and Demand Supply Position Manufacturing process Description Brief Process Descrption Biodiesel Process in Detail Ingredients Procedure Production of Biodiesel using Jatropha as Feedstock Quantity of Methanol to be used Treatment of Liquid Effluents Power Requirement Utilities Specifications Marment and Selling Arrangements Production capacity and Target Cost of project and Means of Finance Land Building cost of utilities
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