Juan A. Landivar, PhD. Resident Director Corpus Christi, Weslaco

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1 Juan A. Landivar, PhD. Resident Director Corpus Christi, Weslaco Cooperators: Dr. Jinha Jung, Dr. Ruizhi Chen, Texas A&M Corpus Christi Mr. Murilo Maeda, Andrea Maeda, Texas A&M AgriLife

2 TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE RESEARCH Texas A&M University Texas A&M AgriLife Research Corpus Christi Weslaco Remote Sensing Technology Precision Farming Phenotyping Pasture Management

3 OUR CONNECTION TO THE TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY SYSTEM The Texas A&M University System Texas A&M AgriLife 11 Universities 7 State Agencies Texas A&M Engineering 2015 Budgeted Expenditures $193.4 M College of Agriculture & Life Sciences Texas A&M University Texas A&M AgriLife Research Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Dwight Look College of Engineering Texas A&M University Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station Texas A&M Engineering Extension Service Texas A&M Forest Service Texas A&M Transportation Institute Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory

4 TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE FACTS 14 academic departments 13 Research Centers 600 PhD level faculty members Largest agricultural and natural resources college in the U.S. AgriLife Research ranked # 1 in the country by NSF for Ag. research funding in 2012 & (NSF- 12, 13) 1 Nobel Laureate & 2 Wolf Prize Recipients

5 SERVING TEXAS & BEYOND Texas A&M AgriLife Research is comprised of: College Station headquarters 13 research centers reaching from El Paso to Beaumont and Amarillo to Weslaco 10 associated research stations.

6 CORPUS CHRISTI CENTER Current Research Developing sustainable cropping systems methods Conducting research on the production of feeds & biofuels from algae Enhancing reproductive efficiency in livestock and improving forage systems

7 WESLACO CENTER Current Research Making crops more resistant to environmental stresses and diseases Efficiently using land and water resources through better crop management

8 ADVANCED REMOTE SENSING AND PRECISION MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES To develop monitoring systems to improve the management of natural resources by integrating advanced remote sensing and precision systems. Precision Agriculture Optimum timing and quantities of nutrients, irrigation and agrochemicals on crops, pasture and turf Basic Research Plant stressors such as drought and diseases Phenotyping Assist breeder screening large number of genotypes Pasture and rangeland management Pasture Biomass, cows number, assessment of weed and brush

9 RECENT APPLICATIONS OF UAVS IN PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Research focus on hardware development, less attention paid to the development and evaluation of data processing techniques. Multidisciplinary collaboration is needed. Regulatory issues to overcome Concluded that UAV s will play an important role in the management of agricultural and natural environments No. of PR Publications/ year 14% 7% 4% Applications PA and rangeland mgt. Natural disaster mgt Aquatic ecosystem mgt 5 16% 59% Polar remote sensing Wildlife research M. Shahbazi et. al., 2014, GIScience & Remote Sensing (

10 GROUND-BASED REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM

11 Plant Height Map, July 14, 1997, King Ranch, Kingsville, Texas

12 COTTON ROOT-ROT RESEARCH

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14 NEMATODES RAPIDLY INFESTING COTTON FIELDS IN TEXAS Brazil, Sao Paulo Texas

15 REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY FOR PHENOTYPING AND RESEARCH APPLICATIONS

16 Phase I Phase II 30 days Phase III Phase IV 35 days

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18 Phenotyping Equipment: Ground-based Platform Multi Spectrum Infrared Canopy Temperature GPS Antenna Air T & RH Sensors

19 MONSTER COMMERCIAL CULTIVAR TEST, CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS, 7/03/ F F F F

20 MONSTER COMMERCIAL CULTIVAR TEST, CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXAS 7/03/2014 (1809 data points) Plant Height, Inch NDVI

21 ESTIMATED CANOPY EFFICIENCY VALUES (Expanded View of Block 1)

22 Plot No. Cultivar Yield lbs/acre 110 FM 2334 GLT ATX 12WSTR-755 B2RF PHY 499 WRF (GG low) PHY 499 WRF (GG high) DPX 12R249 B2RF DP 1044 B2RF PHY 495 W3RF ATX CT13442 B2RF FM 1944 GLB PHY 499 WRF PHY 499 WRF PX WRF ATX 12WSTR-563 B2RF DPX 12R224 B2RF PHY 499 WRF (GG high) NG 5315 B2RF DP 1359 B2RF DP 1252 B2RF ST 6448 GLB ATX 12WSTR-662 B2RF ST 4946 GLB ATX B2RF ST 4946 GLB PX W3RF PHY 222 WRF DPX 12R249 B2RF PHY 339 WRF ATX 12WSTR-662 B2RF ATX B2RF 932

23 THE UAS SENSOR PLATFORM Laser Scanner LW Infrared Camera GPS/INS Multi-spectral Camera (NDVI) Data Logger Optical Camera

24 EXTENSION MONSTER COTTON TEST 2015 F S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N F F F F F F F F F F F entry 1 ST 4946 GLB2 16 ST 4747 GLB2 31 CT15426 B2XF 2 PHY 333 WRF 17 DP 1219 B2RF 32 CT15545 B2XF 3 PHY 495 W3RF 18 DP 1044 B2RF 33 CT15444 B2XF 4 PHY 499 WRF 19 DP 1359 B2RF 34 CT15425 B2XF 5 PHY 312 WRF 20 DP 1555 B2RF 35 CT15634 B2RF 6 PHY 552 WRF 21 DP 1549 B2XF 7 PHY 444 WRF 22 DP 1522 B2XF 8 NG 3405 B2XF 23 DP 1518 B2XF 9 NG 3406 B2XF 24 MON15R934XR 10 NG 5007 B2XF 25 ST 6182 GLT 11 AMDG DP 1553 B2XF *Fill is ST4946 GLB2 12 DG 3385 B2XF 27 MON15R525 B2XF 13 UA MON15R551 B2XF 14 UA WSTR307-2 B2RF 15 HQ 210 CT 30 FM 2007 GLT

25 Emergence % (days from Planting)

26 4/25/15 05/01/15 05/11/15 05/18/15 05/26/15 06/02/15 06/19/15 06/26/15 07/02/15

27 Canopy Cover (%) Days After Planting

28 07/02/15

29 Plant Height Assessment 05/26/15

30 Plant Height Assessment 07/02/15

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32 March 18 BORDER FILL IGUACU DINERO ALBANY GOLIAD VERDE DINERO VERDE GOLIAD ALBANY IGUACU ALBANY DINERO IGUACU VERDE GOLIAD BORDER FILL

33 INCIDENCE OF LEAF RUST Resistant Susceptible Tolerant

34 EVALUATION AND MONITORING GROWTH AND MATURITY OF WHEAT CULTIVARS

35 LiDAR (LIGHT DETECTION AND RANGING) LiDAR is an active remote sensing technology that can measure the distance to other features by illuminating the target with Light. LiDAR technology has been used to measure features on Earth's surface, including determining a detailed elevation model. Can identify species, estimate tree height and biomass volume

36 ADVANCED SENSORS The Raman spectroscopy is based on an inelastic light scattering by molecules (the Raman effect). In the Raman scattering process, a photon interacts momentarily with a molecule and is then scattered into surroundings in all directions. During the brief interaction with molecule, photon loses or gains energy which is then detected and analyzed. Can detect aflatoxin or other spores in leaves or grains.

37 POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY Precision Agriculture Crop Breeding and Research Disease management Insects management Nutrients management Irrigation index Growth regulators index Defoliation index Cultivar Evaluations Ideotypes Water stress Diseases resistance Nematodes resistance

38 RANGELAND MANAGEMENT Sensors and Equipment Multispectral images (NDVI) Infrared images Digital images Fixed wing UAV Platform Potential uses Quantify biomass production of pastures Identify invasive species (weeds, brush) Determine health and/or quality of pasture (fertility, drought, diseases) Monitors Number and location of animals Manage carrying capacity of pastures

39 CITRUS GREENING (HUANGLONGBING) Caused by 3 closely related Liberibacter species Considered the most destructive citrus disease. Reported in Florida in 2005 An estimated $3.63 billion loss in Florida since 2006 Reported in Texas in January of 2012

40 FLUSHING Flower Fruit Normal leaf Yellow leaf New leaf

41 INFESTED LEAF Flower Fruit Normal leaf Infested leaf Young leaf

42 SIMULATED GEO-REFERENCED MAP

43 Thank you