Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing GENERAL

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1 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing GENERAL Public Beate Treffler BU Additives Technical Marketing Waxes

2 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing CONTENT PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS PERFORMANCE Public Beate Treffler BU Additives Technical Marketing Waxes

3 3 Montan Waxes - Unique Lubricants for PVC Processing Drop point [ C] Acid value [mg KOH/g] Licowax E ~ 81 ~ 18 Licowax OP ~ 99 ~ 12 Ca + Licolub WE 4 ~ 80 ~ 26 Licolub WM 31 ~ 74 ~ 12 Licolub WE 40 ~ 76 ~ 20 n ~ C 30 COOH = Montanic acid ~ C 18 COOH = Fatty acid = CO-function (polar) Trademark registered by Clariant in numerous countries

4 4 Polar Lubricants for PVC Processing Drop point [ C] Licowax PED 191 ~123 Viscosity [mpa*s] ~ 1800 (140 C) Acid value [mg KOH/g] ~ 17 Licolub H 12 / Licowax PED 521 ~104 ~ 350 (120 C) ~ 17 Licowax C / Licolub FA 1 veg. based ~ ~ 8 Licocare SBW 11 TP ~ 55 - typical 0 = Alkyl chain * Softening point

5 5 Non-Polar Lubricants for PVC Processing Drop point [ C] Licowax PE 190 ~135* Licowax PE 520 ~120 Licolub H 4 ~111 Licocene PE 4201 ~ 128 Licocene PP 6102 ~ 145 Viscosity [mpa*s] ~ (140 C) ~ 650 (140 C) < 10 (120 C) ~ 60 (140 C) ~ 60 (170 C) = Alkyl chain * Softening point

6 6 Montan Waxes - Unique Lubricants for PVC Processing Effects Broad lubricating (internal and external) High melt strength Low volatility Benefits Flow Promotion Release Effect Dimensional Stability No Condensed Precipitates/no mold deposits Surface Properties (smoothness, printability) High compatibility High Transparency No plate out High Vicat Value /Heat Distortion Temperature

7 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing APPLICATIONS Public Beate Treffler BU Additives Technical Marketing Waxes

8 8 Application & Effects of Clariant Waxes in PVC Effects Processing Surface Applications 1a) PVC Film Rigid Calender Sn-stab.; Ca/Zn-stab. Extrusion / Calendrette Sn-stab. Extruded / blown film Sn-stab. Shear dependent viscosity control WE 4 / E / WM 31 WE 4 / E / WM 31 / SBW 11 WE 4 / E / WM 31 WE 4 / E / WM 31 / SBW 11 Antisticking Slip Antiblock C/FA 1 veg. C/FA 1 veg. E H 12 C/FA 1 veg. Ca/Zn-stab. OP / E OP / E / SBW 11 C/FA 1 veg. 1b) PVC Film Flexible WE 4 /SBW 11 / H 12 2) Non Food Applications WE 40 WE 40 C/FA 1 veg. 3) Injection Molding OP / E / WM 31 OP / E / WM 31 / SBW 11 C/FA 1 veg.

9 9 Effects of Clariant Waxes in PVC Extrusion Effects Processing Surface Applications Shear dependent viscosity control Antisticking / Gelation / Machine load Gloss 4) PVC Profile Ca/Zn-stabilized WE 40 H 12 PED 191 OBS-stabilized WE 40 H 12 PED 191 5) PVC Pipe PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201 PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201 PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201 PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201 Ca/Zn-stabilized H 12 PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201 PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201 Organic based Stabilizer H 12 PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201 PE 520 PP 6102 / PE 4201

10 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing PERFORMANCE Public Beate Treffler BU Additives Technical Marketing Waxes

11 11 Volatility (TGA) of Lubricants for PVC Lowest volatility with montanic esters compared to stearic esters Weight: Surface: Heating rate: Atmosphere: 500 mg 3 cm² 120 K/h 1 l air/min, GMS (FAE) FACE / FAE 14 Votality [%] FACE Licowax E Licolub WE 4 Licowax OP Licolub WE Temperatur [ C]

12 12 Influence of Lubricants on Melt Strength Highest melt Strength with montanic esters compared to stearic esters F [cn] Tensile Stress Capacity of a Ca/Zn-Stabilized PVC Melt Licolub WE 4 Licolub WE 40 Licowax E v [cm/s] FAE FACE Basic formulation: S-PVC, k value 60 Ca-12-Hydroxy Stearate Zn-Stearate Epoxidized Soyabean Oil ß-Diketone Lubricant 100,0 parts 0,3 phr 0,1 phr 3,0 phr 0,3 phr 0,5 phr Göttfert Rheotens (screw Ø 30 mm; gradient 4:2; die Ø 5 mm temperature: 140/160/175/190 C acceleration 6 cm/s 2 )

13 13 Vicat Softening Point of Different Lubricants Highest Vicat values with Licowax E and Licocare SBW 11 TP Formulation: Vinnolit S phr Octyl tin stabilizer 1,5 phr Processing Aid (Arcylate) 1 phr Test product 1 phr Parameters: (according to DIN EN ISO 306) Initial temp.: 30 C Heating rate: 50 K/h Method: B (50 N) without Glycerol dioleate Mixture of fatty acid complex esters (Gl 2) Licowax E Licolub WM 31 Licocare SBW 11 TP VN

14 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing FILM COMPOUNDS Public Beate Treffler BU Additives Technical Marketing Waxes

15 15 Release Effect in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound Licolub WM 31 shows excellent external lubrication and anti-sticking Formulation: S-PVC, k value 60 Sn-Octyl mercaptide MBS Impact modifier PMMA Processing aid GDO Lubricant 100 phr 1,5 phr 5,0 phr 1,0 phr 0,3 phr 0,3 phr Sticking power Collin Two Roll Mill 220 g, 195 C, 15/20 rpm Time [sec.] Licowax E Licolub WE 4 Licolub WM 31

16 16 Release Effect in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound Licowax E and Licocare SBW 11 TP show excellent anti-sticking Formulation: S-PVC, k value 60 Sn-Octyl mercaptide MBS Impact modifier PMMA Processing aid GDO Lubricant Collin Two Roll Mill 220 g, 195 C, 15/20 rpm 100 phr 1,5 phr 5,0 phr 1,0 phr 0,3 phr 0,3 phr Sticking power Time [sec.] FACE/FAE Licowax E Licocare SBW 11 TP

17 Transparency in Sn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound Higher transparency with all montanic acid esters vs. fatty acid esters 90 Transparency [%] Formulation: 100,0 parts M-PVC, k value 60 8,0 phr MBS Impact modifier 1,2 phr PMMA Processing aid 1,2 phr Sn-Octyl mercaptide 0,5 phr GDO 0,3 phr Lubricant 0,5 and 2 mm pressed plates Licowax E Licolub WE 4 Licolub WM 31 FACE/FAE 0,5 mm 2 mm 17

18 18 Release Effect and Gelation in Sn-Stab. PVC Film Compound Better external release effect and fast geleation vs. fatty acid ester mix Two roll mill (190 C, 16,7/20 rpm) Haake kneader (40 rpm, 140 C, 63 g) Time to sticking [min.] Basic formulation: S-PVC, k value ,0 parts Sn-Octyl mercaptide 1,5 phr MBS Impact modifier 8,0 phr PMMA Processing aid 1,0 phr GDO 0,6 phr External lubricant 0,5 phr Fusion time [sec.] 0 FACE/FAE/ Ca-Soap Licowax OP FACE/FAE/ Ca-Soap Licowax OP 0

19 19 Release Effect in Ca/Zn-Stabilized PVC Film Compound Better anti-sticking/external lubrication of montanic esters vs. FACE/FAE Formulation: S-PVC, k value 60 Ca/Zn Stabilizer MBS Impact modifier PMMA Processing aid GDO Lubricant 100 phr 3,0 phr 5,0 phr 1,0 phr 0,3 phr 0,3 phr Sticking power Collin Two Roll Mill 220 g, 195 C, 15/20 rpm time [sec.] Licowax E FACE/FAE Licolub WE 4

20 20 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing Film Compounds - Summary All Montan Waxes and Licocare SBW 11 TP provide better anti-sticking performance than fatty acid complex ester mixtures Licolub WE 4 performs best Transparency is excellent

21 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing PROFILE / PIPES COMPOUNDS Public Beate Treffler BU Additives Technical Marketing Waxes

22 22 PVC Pipes - Replacement of FT Paraffins, Ca/Zn-Stabilized Lower pressure and torque vs. FT paraffins Pressure [bar] Pressure along the barrel Pressure p1 Pressure p3 Pressure p4 Pressure p5 0,3 / 0,05 phr FT80/FT1 0,35 phr Licocene PE ,35 phr Licocene PP 6102 Formulation: phr S-PVC, k value ,0 CaCO3 (90T) 15,0 Ca/Zn Core stabilizer 1,18 Test products 0,35 Extrusion Parameters: Single Screw Laboratory Extruder: Collin E 30M, L/D= 25/1; Round section Die; Temp.: C Die : C; Speed: n= 60 rpm

23 23 PVC Pipes - Replacement of FT Paraffins, Ca/Zn-Stabilized and lower energy consumption of the extruder with Licocene E-value [KWh/kg] Energy consumption at different screw speeds 0,3 / 0,05 phr C80/H1 0,35 phr Licocene PE ,35 phr Licocene PP Screw Speed [1/min] Formulation: phr S-PVC, k value ,0 CaCO3 (90T) 15,0 Ca/Zn Core stabilizer 1,18 Test products 0,35 Extrusion Parameters: Single Screw Laboratory Extruder: Collin E 30M, L/D= 25/1; Round section Die; Temp.: C Die : C; Speed: n= 60/80/90 rpm

24 24 PVC Pipes - Replacement of Paraffins, Sn-Stabilized Lower pressure with lower dosage of Licocene PP 6102 Pressure [bar] Pressure along the barrel S-PVC k-value ,0 phr Sn-butyl-stabilizer 1,3 phr TiO 2 8,0 phr Chalk 6,0 phr Impact modifier 5,0 phr Processing aid 1,0 phr Ox. PE-wax 0,5 phr Test products 1,0 0, p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 1 phr Hydrocarbon wax 1 phr Licocene PP phr Licocene PE ,7 phr Licocene PP 6102 Extrusiometer E 30 M D= 30 mm, 25 L/D n= 30 rpm, C round-section die: 215 C

25 25 PVC Pipes - Replacement of Paraffins, Sn-Stabilized and lower energy consumption/higher output 10 Output Energy consumption and Output E-value 0,05 Output [kg/h] ,04 0,03 0,02 0,01 E-value [kwh/kg] phr Hydrocarbon wax 1 phr Licocene PP phr Licocene PE ,7 phr Licocene PP 6102 Extrusiometer E 30 M D= 30 mm, 25 L/D n= 30 rpm, C round-section die: 215 C

26 26 PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Metallocene vs. Standard PO Waxes Lower pressure and torque with Licocene Pressure [bar] Pressure along the barrel Formulation: S-PVC k-value phr Ca/Zn-Stabilizer compound 2,4 phr Impact modifier 7 phr Processing aid 1 phr TiO 2 4 phr Chalk 6 phr Di stearyl phthalate 0,5 phr Calcium stearate 0,5 phr Oxidized PE-wax 0,2 phr Test product 0,2-0,3 phr 100 0,3 phr standard PE wax 50 0,2 phr Licocene PE p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 0,2 phrlicocene PP ,3 phr Licocene PP 6102 Extrusiometer E 30 M D= 30, 25 L/D, n= 30 rpm, Temp: C, round-section die:195 C 0,3 phr Licocene PE 4201

27 27 PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Metallocene vs. Standard PO Waxes and lower torque + similar output vs. standard PE wax Weber DS , D= 48 mm, 17 L/D, n= 25 rpm, Temperature: C, profile die: 195 C Output [kg/h] standard PE wax Dosage: 0,3 phr Licocene PP 6102 Licocene PE 4201 Dosage: 0,2 phr Licocene PP 6102 Licocene PE Torque [%] Formulation: S-PVC k-value phr Ca/Zn-Stabilizer compound 2,4 phr Impact modifier 7 phr Processing aid 1 phr TiO 2 4 phr Chalk 6 phr Di stearyl phthalate 0,5 phr Calcium stearate 0,5 phr Oxidized PE-wax 0,2 phr Test product 0,2-0,3 phr Output Torque

28 28 PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Licolub WE 40 Performance Increase in torque, fast gelation and excellent lubrication 220 Torque at different screw speeds Torque [Nm] Formulation: S-PVC k-value 68 Ca/Zn-Stabilizer compound Impact modifier Processing aid TiO 2 Chalk Di stearyl phthalate Oxidized PE-wax PE Wax Test product 100 phr 2,4 phr 7 phr 1 phr 4 phr 5 phr 0,4 phr 0,15 phr 0,20 phr 0,3 phr without 30 rpm without 45 rpm WE rpm WE rpm Single screw, Extrusiometer E 30 M D= 30, 25 L/D, Temp: C, round-section die:195 C

29 29 PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Licolub WE 40 Performance and lower energy consumption with WE 40! 0.1 Energy Consumption / Twin Screw e - Value [kwh/kg] Formulation: S-PVC k-value 68 Ca/Zn-Stabilizer compound Impact modifier Processing aid TiO 2 Chalk Di stearyl phthalate Oxidized PE-wax PE Wax Test product 100 phr 2,4 phr 7 phr 1 phr 4 phr 5 phr 0,4 phr 0,15 phr 0,20 phr 0,3 phr 0.08 without 30 rpm without 45 rpm Licolub WE rpm Licolub WE rpm Weber CE 3Z, D= mm, n= 30 rpm, Temperature: C, flat die: 190 C (VN99498ff)

30 30 PVC Profiles [Ca/Zn] Licolub WE 40 Performance Higher output and faster gelation vs. fatty acid complex ester Output [g/min] Extrusiometer ( C, screw 5/2, die 75/5, 60 rpm) Basic formulation: S-PVC, k value 64, impact mod, Ca-Stearate Zn-Stearate Hydrotalcit ß-Diketone Di-Trimethylol Propane Phenolic Antioxidant 0,3 phr FACE + 0,2 phr Licowax PE ,0 phr 0,5 phr 1,0 phr 1,0 phr 0,6 phr 0,5 phr 0,1 phr 0,3 phr Licolub WE ,2 phr Licowax PE Output Fusion time [min] Fusion time Brabender Plastogram (35 g, 150 C, 40 rpm)

31 31 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing Profile / Pipes Compounds - Summary Pipes: Licocene PP 6102 is an excellent FT replacement with room for dosage reduction and plate out minimizing Profiles: - Licocene PP 6102 performs outstanding compared to standard PE waxes with saving opportunities - Licolub WE 40 shows high torque but lower energy consumption, fast gelation combined with high Vicat Softening Temperature resp. Heat Distortion Temperature.

32 Clariant Waxes for PVC Processing BACKUP Public Beate Treffler BU Additives Technical Marketing Waxes

33 33 Fatty Acid Complex Ester / Mixtures Disadvantages Products/Brands Properties Effects Disadvantages Fatty Acid Compex Ester (FACE) Loxiol G 70 S (Emery) Baerolub LS 100 (Baerlocher) FACI L 801 Single product/effect Release High volatility Higher dosages needed Mixtures of FACE with Fatty Acid Esters (FACE/FAE) Loxiol G 70, G 72 Loxiol G 78 Baerolub 43C 2 - resp, Multiplecomponent system (effects result in addition of single constituents) Release, Flow improvement Higher volatility Restricted food approvals Higher dosages needed Mold deposits/ Condensed precipitates

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