ANNEX A: Methodology for Estimating Emissions of CO 2 from Fossil Fuel Combustion

Transcription

1 ANNEX A: Methodology for Estimting Emissions of CO from Fossil Fuel Combustion Crbon dioxide (CO ) emissions from fossil fuel combustion were estimted using bottom-up methodology chrcterized by six steps. These steps re described below. Step : Determine Energy Consumption by Fuel Type nd Sector The bottom-up methodology used by the United Sttes for estimting CO emissions from fossil fuel combustion is conceptully similr to the pproch recommended by the Intergovernmentl Pnel on Climte Chnge (IPCC) for countries tht intend to develop detiled, sectorl-bsed emission estimtes (IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA 997). Bsic consumption dt re presented in Columns -8 of Tble A- through Tble A-0, with totls by fuel type in Column 8 nd totls by end-use sector in the lst rows. Fuel consumption dt for the bottom-up pproch were obtined directly from the Energy Informtion Administrtion (EIA) of the U.S. Deprtment of Energy. These dt were first gthered in physicl units, nd then converted to their energy equivlents (see Converting Physicl Units to Energy Units in Annex T). The EIA dt were collected through vriety of consumption surveys t the point of delivery or use nd qulified with survey dt on fuel production, imports, exports, nd stock chnges. Individul dt elements were supplied by vriety of sources within EIA. Most informtion ws tken from published reports, lthough some dt were drwn from unpublished energy studies nd dtbses mintined by EIA. Energy consumption dt were ggregted by end-use sector (i.e., residentil, commercil, industril, trnsporttion, electric utilities, nd U.S. territories), primry fuel type (e.g., col, nturl gs, nd petroleum), nd secondry fuel type (e.g., motor gsoline, distillte fuel, etc.). The 999 totl energy consumption cross ll sectors, including territories, nd energy types ws 8,00 trillion British therml units (TBtu), s indicted in the lst entry of Column 8 in Tble A-. This totl includes fuel used for non-energy purposes nd fuel consumed s interntionl bunkers, both of which re deducted in lter steps. There re two modifictions mde in this report tht my cuse consumption informtion herein to differ from figures given in the cited literture. These re the considertion of synthetic nturl gs production nd ethnol dded to motor gsoline. First, portion of industril col ccounted for in EIA combustion figures is ctully used to mke synthetic nturl gs vi col gsifiction. The energy in this gs enters the nturl gs strem, nd is ccounted for in nturl gs consumption sttistics. Becuse this energy is lredy ccounted for s nturl gs, it is deducted from industril col consumption to void double counting. This mkes the figure for other industril col consumption in this report slightly lower thn most EIA sources. Second, ethnol hs been dded to the motor gsoline strem for severl yers, but prior to 99 this ddition ws not cptured in EIA motor gsoline sttistics. Strting in 99, ethnol ws included in gsoline sttistics. However, becuse ethnol is biofuel, which is ssumed to result in no net CO emissions, the mount of ethnol dded is subtrcted from totl gsoline consumption. Thus, motor gsoline consumption sttistics given in this report my be slightly lower thn in EIA sources. There re lso three bsic differences between the consumption figures presented in Tble A- through Tble A-0 nd those recommended in the IPCC emission inventory methodology. First, consumption dt in the U.S. inventory re presented using higher heting vlues (HHV) rther thn the lower heting vlues (LHV) reflected in the IPCC emission inventory methodology. This convention is followed becuse Also referred to s Gross Clorific Vlues (GCV). U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 0

2 dt obtined from EIA re bsed on HHV. Of note, however, is tht EIA renewble energy sttistics re often published using LHV. The difference between the two conventions reltes to the tretment of the het energy tht is consumed in the process of evporting the wter contined in the fuel. The simplified convention used by the Interntionl Energy Agency for converting from HHV to LHV is to reduce the energy content by percent for petroleum nd col nd by 0 percent for nturl gs. Second, while EIA's energy use dt for the United Sttes includes only the 0 U.S. sttes nd the District of Columbi, the dt reported to the Frmework Convention on Climte Chnge re to include energy consumption within territories. Therefore, consumption estimtes for U.S. territories were dded to domestic consumption of fossil fuels. Energy consumption dt from U.S. territories re presented in Column 7 of Tble A-. It is reported seprtely from domestic sectorl consumption, becuse it is collected seprtely by EIA with no sectorl disggregtion. Third, the domestic sectorl consumption dt in Tble A- include bunker fuels used for interntionl trnsport ctivities nd non-energy uses of fossil fuels. The IPCC requires countries to estimte emissions from interntionl bunker fuels seprtely nd exclude these emissions from ntionl totls, so interntionl bunker fuel emissions hve been estimted in Tble A- nd deducted from ntionl estimtes (see Step ). Similrly, fossil fuels used to produce non-energy products tht store crbon rther thn relese it to the tmosphere re provided in Tble A- nd deducted from ntionl emission estimtes (see Step ). The finl fte of these fossil fuel bsed products is delt with under the wste combustion source ctegory in cses where the products re combusted through wste mngement prctices. Step : Determine the Crbon Content of All Fuels The crbon content of combusted fossil fuels ws estimted by multiplying energy consumption (Columns through 8 of Tble A-) by fuel-specific crbon content coefficients (see Tble A- nd Tble A-) tht reflect the mount of crbon per unit of energy in ech fuel. The resulting crbon contents re sometimes referred to s potentil emissions, or the mximum mount of crbon tht could potentilly be relesed to the tmosphere if ll crbon in the fuels were oxidized. The crbon content coefficients used in the U.S. inventory were derived by EIA from detiled fuel informtion nd re similr to the crbon content coefficients contined in the IPCC's defult methodology (IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA 997), with modifictions reflecting fuel qulities specific to the United Sttes. Step : Adjust for the mount of Crbon Stored in Products Depending on the end-use, non-energy uses of fossil fuels cn result in long term storge of some or ll of the crbon contined in the fuel. For exmple, sphlt mde from petroleum cn sequester up to 00 percent of the crbon contined in the petroleum feedstock for extended periods of time. Other non-energy fossil fuel products, such s lubricnts or plstics lso store crbon, but cn lose or emit some of this crbon when they re used nd/or burned s wste. The mount of crbon in non-energy fossil fuel products ws bsed upon dt tht ddressed the frction of crbon tht remins in products fter they re mnufctured, with ll non-energy use ttributed to the industril, trnsporttion, nd territories end-use sectors. This non-energy consumption is presented in Tble A-. This dt ws then multiplied by fuel-specific crbon content coefficients (Tble A- nd Tble A-) to obtin the crbon content of the fuel, or the mximum mount of crbon tht could remin in non-energy products (Columns nd of Tble A-). This crbon content ws then multiplied by the frction of crbon ssumed to ctully hve remined in products (Column 7 of Tble A-), resulting in the finl estimtes by sector nd fuel type, which re presented in Also referred to s Net Clorific Vlues (NCV). See Wste Combustion section of the Wste chpter for discussion of emissions from the combustion of plstics in the municipl solid wste strem. U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 0

3 Columns 8 through 0 of Tble A-. A detiled discussion of crbon stored in products is provided in the Energy Chpter nd in Annex B. Step : Subtrct Crbon from Interntionl Bunker Fuels Emissions from interntionl trnsport ctivities, or interntionl bunker fuel consumption, were not included in ntionl totls, s required by the IPCC (IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA 997). There is currently disgreement interntionlly s to how these emissions should be llocted, nd until this issue is resolved, countries re sked to report them seprtely. EIA energy sttistics, however, include these bunker fuels jet fuel for ircrft, nd distillte fuel oil nd residul fuel oil for mrine shipping s prt of fuel consumption by the trnsporttion sector. To compenste for this inclusion, interntionl bunker fuel emissions were clculted seprtely (see Tble A-) nd the crbon content of these fuels ws subtrcted from the trnsporttion sector. Interntionl bunker fuel emissions from militry ctivities were developed using dt provided by the Deprtment of Defense s described in the Interntionl Bunker Fuels section of the Energy chpter nd in Annex H. The clcultions of interntionl bunker fuel emissions followed the sme procedures used for other fuel emissions (i.e., estimtion of consumption, determintion of crbon content, nd djustment for the frction of crbon not oxidized). Step : Account for Crbon tht Does Not Oxidize During Combustion Becuse combustion processes re not 00 percent efficient, some of the crbon contined in fuels is not emitted in gseous form to the tmosphere. Rther, it remins behind s soot, prticulte mtter nd sh. The estimted frction of crbon not oxidized in U.S. energy conversion processes due to inefficiencies during combustion rnges from 0. percent for nturl gs to percent for petroleum nd col. Except for col these ssumptions re consistent with the defult vlues recommended by the IPCC (IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA 997). In the United Sttes, unoxidized crbon from col combustion ws estimted to be no more thn one percent (Bechtel 99). Tble A- presents frctions oxidized by fuel type, which re multiplied by the net crbon content of the combusted energy to give finl emissions estimtes. Of the frction of crbon tht is oxidized (e.g., 99 to 99. percent), the vst mjority is emitted in its fully oxidized form s crbon dioxide (CO ). A much smller portion of this oxidized crbon is lso emitted s crbon monoxide (CO), methne (CH ), nd non-methne volitile orgnic compounds (NMVOCs). These prtilly oxidized or unoxidized crbon compounds when in the tmosphere, though, re generlly oxidized to CO through tmospheric processes (e.g., rection with hydroxyl (OH)). Step : Summrize Emission Estimtes Actul CO emissions in the United Sttes were summrized by mjor fuel (i.e., col, petroleum, nturl gs, geotherml) nd consuming sector (i.e., residentil, commercil, industril, trnsporttion, electric utilities, nd territories). Adjustments for interntionl bunker fuels nd crbon in non-energy products were mde. Emission estimtes re expressed in tergrms of crbon dioxide equivlents (Tg. CO Eq.). To determine totl emissions by finl end-use sector, emissions from electric utilities were distributed to ech enduse sector ccording to its shre of ggregte electricity consumption (see Tble A-). This pro-rted pproch to llocting emissions from electric utilities my overestimte or underestimte emissions for prticulr sectors due to differences in the verge crbon content of utility fuel mixes. Refer to the Interntionl Bunker Fuels section of the Energy chpter for description of the methodology for distinguishing between bunker nd non-bunker fuel consumption. U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 0

4 Tble A-: 999 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col..,. NE 8,0.7 0., NE, ,0.8 Residentil Col.... Commercil Col.... Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,.,... Coke Imports Utility Col 8,0.7 8,0.7,7.9,7.9 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,89.7,.7 0, ,8.9 NA, ,.7 Totl Petroleum, ,7., , , ,9. Asphlt & Rod Oil,.,. Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil ,., , Jet Fuel,.8 7.8, Kerosene LPG , , Lubricnts Motor Gsoline.7 0.7, ,0.0..,09..,7. Residul Fuel , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products.9.9 Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke , Still Gs,7., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (87.9) (87.9) (.) (.) Wxes Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),.8,99.8,88.,8., ,00...0,.,7.0,9..0,. Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 0

5 Tble A-: 998 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col..,8.9 NE 8,. 9.8, NE, ,0. Residentil Col.... Commercil Col.... Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,989., Coke Imports Utility Col 8,. 8,.,7.0,7.0 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,9.,098. 0,..7,9.7 NA, ,9.8 Totl Petroleum,0.. 9,.8,9.9,. 8. 7, , ,. Asphlt & Rod Oil,.,. Avition Gsoline.... Distillte Fuel Oil 78.9.,.8, , Jet Fuel,.8 8.0, Kerosene LPG 0. 7.,0.. 7., Lubricnts Motor Gsoline.8 99., ,98...0,07.0.9,0. Residul Fuel , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,7., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (.9) (.9) (.) (.) Wxes.. Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),0.,87.,.9,., , ,.,., ,8.8 Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 0

6 Tble A-: 997 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col ,87. NE 8,00. 0., NE,79.7.0,00. Residentil Col Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,9., Coke Imports Utility Col 8,00. 8,00.,79.7,79.7 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,.,09.7 0, ,0.0 NA, ,79.8 Totl Petroleum, ,., , ,87...8,89. Asphlt & Rod Oil,.,. Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil ,., , Jet Fuel,08..0, Kerosene LPG , , Lubricnts Motor Gsoline..,9.7.,.8.0.0,00. 0.,078.7 Residul Fuel , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F).... Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,7., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (0.9) (0.9) (7.) (7.) Wxes.7.7 Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),.,0.7,7.,7., , ,.,8.9,9..8,7.9 Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 07

7 Tble A-: 99 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col. 8.9,8. NE 7, , NE, ,90.8 Residentil Col.... Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,99., Coke Imports Utility Col 7,9.8 7,9.8,77.7,77.7 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,90.,0. 0,8. 77.,77. NA, ,7. Totl Petroleum, ,0.8, , , ,7. Asphlt & Rod Oil,7.9,7.9 Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil ,7., , Jet Fuel,7.., Kerosene LPG , , Lubricnts Motor Gsoline.7 0.,88. 8.,..9.,0. 8.,0.8 Residul Fuel , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,7., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (.8) (.8) (8.) (8.) Wxes Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),90.0,07.0,.9,.8, , ,0.,8.8, ,0.0 Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 08

8 Tble A-: 99 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col. 80.,88.0 NE, , NE, ,87.9 Residentil Col Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,90., Coke Imports.... Utility Col,990.,990.,87.7,87.7 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,98.,.9 0, ,. NA, ,.0 Totl Petroleum,. 7. 8,., , ,..0.,099. Asphlt & Rod Oil,78.,78. Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil ,07., , Jet Fuel,. 7., Kerosene LPG 0. 7.,09..7., Lubricnts Motor Gsoline 8. 0.,. 8.,909...,0.0 0.,08.9 Residul Fuel , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil.... MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,7., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (0.9) (0.9) (.) (.) Wxes Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),98.8,9.,00.,88.9 0, , ,0.0,79.,80..0,. Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 09

9 Tble A-: 99 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col. 8.7,878. NE, , NE, ,87. Residentil Col.... Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,99., Coke Imports Utility Col,89.,89.,77.,77. US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,980.,977. 9, ,07.0 NA, ,0.9 Totl Petroleum, ,89., , , ,. Asphlt & Rod Oil,7.9,7.9 Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil ,08.8, , Jet Fuel,..8, Kerosene LPG , , Lubricnts Motor Gsoline. 9., ,..8.,00. 0.,08. Residul Fuel , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,9., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (79.) (79.) (0.) (0.) Wxes Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),7.7,8.7,9.,9. 0, , ,090.9,.,8.9.7,078. Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 0

10 Tble A-7: 99 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col. 8.,77.8 NE, , NE,.7 0.9,87.0 Residentil Col.... Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,90., Coke Imports Utility Col,790.0,790.0,.7,.7 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,097.,9.7 9,0..,7. NA 0, ,08.0 Totl Petroleum, ,9.,0.,0.0., , ,0. Asphlt & Rod Oil,9.0,9.0 Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil 9.9.9,099.7, , Jet Fuel,08.0., Kerosene LPG , , Lubricnts Motor Gsoline ,98. 8., ,009.9 Residul Fuel , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil.... MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus.... Petroleum Coke Still Gs,0., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (9.0) (9.0) (9.) (9.) Wxes Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),.,78.0 0,87.0, ,8..7 7, ,0.,0.,79. 9.,98.7 Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge

11 Tble A-8: 99 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col.7 8.7,7.0 NE, , NE,.0 0.8,779. Residentil Col Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,8.9, Coke Imports.... Utility Col,0.9,0.9,.0,.0 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,8.,88. 8, ,88. NA 0, ,09.9 Totl Petroleum,. 8. 8,.9, , , ,0. Asphlt & Rod Oil,0.,0. Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil 8.9.0,., , Jet Fuel,00.., Kerosene LPG 8. 7., , Lubricnts Motor Gsoline ,8.0., Residul Fuel 9. 9., , Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,7.0, Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (.8) (.8) (.0) (.0) Wxes Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),90.,78. 0,70.,0. 9, , ,0.9,7.0,7. 7.,88. Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge

12 Tble A-9: 99 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col. 8.,79. NE, , NE, ,7.0 Residentil Col.... Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col,8., Coke Imports Utility Col,08.,08.,9.0,9.0 US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,8.0, ,7.7.9,8. NA 9, ,09. Totl Petroleum, ,07.8,., , , ,000.7 Asphlt & Rod Oil,07.,07. Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil 8. 8.,9., , Jet Fuel, , Kerosene LPG , , Lubricnts Motor Gsoline ,89.7.7, Residul Fuel..9,0.9,07.., Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components (0.) (0.) (+) (+) Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components (.9) (.9) (.8) (.8) Misc. Products.. Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (0.) (0.) (.0) (.0) Wxes.. Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),0.,7.8 9,.,0. 0, , ,007.,7.7, ,78. Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge

13 Tble A-0: 990 Energy Consumption Dt nd CO Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) including Adjustments b nd Frction Oxidized Totl Col.9 9.9,7.0 NE, , NE,09. 0.,77.9 Residentil Col Commercil Col Industril Coking Col,0.8, Industril Other Col,78., Coke Imports Utility Col,89.,89.,09.,09. US Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs,8.7,98. 8,00. 8.,8. NA 9, ,00.9 Totl Petroleum, ,9.0,79.,0.., , ,07.8 Asphlt & Rod Oil,70.,70. Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil ,80.9, , Jet Fuel,9..0, Kerosene LPG.0.,07.7.., Lubricnts Motor Gsoline. 8., , Residul Fuel. 7.,00.,9..8, Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petroleum Coke Still Gs,7., Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils (9.0) (9.0) (7.0) (7.0) Wxes.. Geotherml TOTAL (All Fuels),8.9,98. 9,.,7.9 0, ,.7. 7.,0.,7.8,77..7,8.7 Expressed s gross clorific vlues (i.e., higher heting vlues). b Adjustments include: interntionl bunker fuel consumption (see Tble A-) nd crbon in non-energy products (see Tble A-). + Does not exceed 0.0 Tg CO Eq. NA (Not Avilble) NE (Not Estimted) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge

14 Tble A-: 999 CO Emissions From Interntionl Bunker Fuel Consumption Fuel Type Bunker Fuel Crbon Content Potentil Frction Consumption Coefficient Emissions Oxidized (TBtu) (Tg Crbon/QBtu) (Tg Crbon) Emissions (Tg CO Eq.) Distillte Fuel Oil Jet Fuel Residul Fuel Oil Totl, Tble A-: 999 Crbon In Non-Energy Products Crbon Content Potentil Non-energy Use Coefficient Emissions Frction Fuel Type (TBtu) (Tg Crbon/QBtu) (Tg Crbon) Sequestered Crbon Stored (Tg CO Eq.) Industry, Industril Coking Col Nturl Gs Nitrogenous Fertilizers Other Uses Asphlt & Rod Oil, LPG, Lubricnts Pentnes Plus Petrochemicl Feedstocks Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Still Gs Petroleum Coke Specil Nphth Other (Wx/Misc.) Distillte Fuel Oil Residul Fuel Wxes Miscellneous Trnsporttion Lubricnts U.S. Territories Lubricnts Other Petroleum (Misc.) Totl, See Annex B for dditionl detil. One QBtu is one qudrillion Btu, or 0 Btu. This unit is commonly referred to s Qud. U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge

15 Tble A-: Key Assumptions for Estimting Crbon Dioxide Emissions Crbon Content Fuel Type Coefficient (Tg Crbon/QBtu) Frction Oxidized Col Residentil Col [] 0.99 Commercil Col [] 0.99 Industril Coking Col [] 0.99 Industril Other Col [] 0.99 Coke Imports Trnsporttion Col NC 0.99 Utility Col [] 0.99 U.S. Territory Col (bit) Nturl Gs Petroleum Asphlt & Rod Oil Avition Gsoline Distillte Fuel Oil Jet Fuel [] 0.99 Kerosene LPG [] 0.99 LPG (Territories) [] 0.99 LPG (non-energy use) [] - Lubricnts Motor Gsoline [] 0.99 Residul Fuel Other Petroleum AvGs Blend Components Crude Oil [] 0.99 MoGs Blend Components [] 0.99 Misc. Products [] 0.99 Misc. Products (Territories) Nphth (<0 deg. F) Other Oil (>0 deg. F) Pentnes Plus Petrochemicl Feedstocks Petroleum Coke Still Gs Specil Nphth Unfinished Oils [] 0.99 Wxes Other Wx & Misc Geotherml.0.00 Sources: Crbon coefficients nd stored crbon from EIA. Combustion efficiency for col from Bechtel (99) nd for petroleum nd nturl gs from IPCC (IPCC/UNEP/OECD/IEA 997, vol. ). - Not pplicble NC (Not Clculted) [] These coefficients vry nnully due to fluctutions in fuel qulity (see Tble A-). U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge

16 Tble A-: Annully Vrible Crbon Content Coefficients by Yer (Tg Crbon/QBtu) Fuel Type Residentil Col Commercil Col Industril Coking Col Industril Other Col Utility Col LPG LPG (energy use/territories) LPG (non-energy use) Motor Gsoline Jet Fuel MoGs Blend Components Misc. Products Unfinished Oils Crude Oil Source: EIA (000c) Tble A-: Electricity Consumption by End-Use Sector (Billion Kilowtt-Hours) End-Use Sector Residentil ,008,0,08,07,8,9 Commercil ,07,08,07 Industril ,008,0,00,0,00,00 Trnsporttion U.S. Territories* Totl,7,7,7,8,9,0,098,0,0, *EIA electric utility fuel consumption dt does not include the U.S. territories. - Not pplicble Source: EIA (000) U.S. Greenhouse Gs Emissions nd Sinks: DRAFT /8/0 Pge 7

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