Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Metals and Bioprocesses Industries

Transcription

1 Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Metals and Bioprocesses Industries Brenno C. Menezes Postdoc, University of São Paulo São Paulo, SP, BR Lecture 1 São Paulo, Feb 22 nd, 2018 Galo Carrillo Le Roux Professor of Chemical Engineering University of São Paulo São Paulo, SP, BR 1

2 Brenno C. Menezes (CV) Academic Professional BS in Chemical Engineering Master of Science Doctor of Science PostDoc Trainee Process Engineer in PETROBRAS BS in Chemical Engineering Trainee Master of Science Process Engineer in PETROBRAS Doctor of Science PostDoc Local UFRJ ChemTech UFRJ Work/Spec Oil&Gas Companies Strategies on Renewables Software Development: Static Rigorous Simulator PETROX CFD Study of the Main-Bypass Valve in the FCC turboexpander UP a /REDUC b /HQ APS and Rigorous Simulation Management and Implementation in HQ (6 years) UFRJ/CMU IPT CMU USP a UP: 1 year course on Oil-Refining Processes in PETROBRAS University b REDUC: 2,5 years as Emissions Engineer at REDUC refinery Quantitative Methods for Strategic Investment Planning Smart Process Manufacturing and the Refinery of the Future Integration of Planning and Scheduling + Complex Scheduling Optimization Multi-Unit Data-Driven Real-time Optimization and Estimation and On-Line Scheduling Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Metals and Bioprocesses Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

3 Lecture 1 22-Feb Introduction 1 22-Feb Energy and Material balances: World and Brazil 1-Mar Introduction/Project Reserves, Production and Consumption 2 1-Mar Flowsheet Structures, Ref Tech Comparison and Fundaments OpenIMPL, Types of Projects, Main Papers 8-Mar Petroleum 3 8-Mar Caracterization of Petroleum and derivatives 15-Mar Petroleum Distillation and other separation processes 22-Mar Petroleum 4 15-Mar OpenIMPL Tutorial 29-Mar No Class Blending and distillation problems 5-Apr Petroleum 5 22-Mar Catalytic, Thermal Cracking, Solvent Deasphalting 12-Apr Petroleum PETRO-SIM Tutorial: CDU and VDU 19-Apr Petroleum 29-Mar No Class Metals 17% Bioprocesses 17% Ref Tech Introduction 16% Petroleum 50% 6 5-Apr Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Reforming, Isomerization and Alkylation 7 12-Apr Supporting Processes and Natural Gas Processing Petrochemicals 8 19-Apr OpenIMPL Tutorial: Alkylation process (scalar-based) OpenIMPL Tutorial: Refinery-wide problems (structural-based) 26-Apr Exam Apr Exam: Introduction and Petroleum 3-May Metals 10 3-May Minerals and metallic derivatives. Physical Metallurgy 10-May Metals Metal processing: smelting, conversion, others May Electrochemical processes: deposit of metals and alloys Other metallurgic processes 17-May Bioprocesses May Main routes, biomasses and biological platforms. Biorefineries: 24-May Bioprocesses conventional and advanced May Biorefinery concepts in comparison with the petroleum and minerals refining. Bioportfolio in industry 31-May Exam May Exam: Introduction, Petroleum, Metals and Bioprocesses TYPE OF ASSESSMENT: M = 70% Test + 30% Project Tests = (2.5*Test *Test2)/7 Project = 1.0 Writing (in English: extra point) 1.0 Scope + Complexity 1.0 Tools handled in the group Project deadline: 31-May Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Metals and Bioprocesses Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

4 Statistical Reviews: Energy Information Administration - EIA - Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government. British Petroleum Management Consulting Firms: McKinsey Deloitte Bain & Company Deloitte Electronic Encyclopedia: Blogs: Petroleum: Metals: USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

5 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

6 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

7 Source of Energy USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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17 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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21 Oil Natural Coal Nuclear Hydro Renewables Mtoe Gas Energy electric Brazil World Renewables 4% Brazil Nuclear Energy 1% Coal 5% Hydro electric 22% Natural Gas 22% Oil 46% Nuclear Energy 5% Hydro electric 7% World Renewables 3% Oil 33% Coal 28% Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Energy Hydro electric Renewables Natural Gas 24% Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Energy Hydro electric Renewables USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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27 Oil: Total proved reserves at end 1996 at end 2006 at end 2015 at end 2016 Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand Thousand million million million million million Share R/P barrels barrels barrels barrels tonnes of total ratio Argentina % 10.6 Brazil % 13.3 Colombia % 5.9 Ecuador % 40.1 Peru % 24.0 Trinidad & Tobago ^ 6.9 Venezuela % Other S. & Cent. America Total S. & Cent. America % USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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40 * Excludes gas flared or recycled. Includes natural gas produced for Gas-to-Liquids transformation. USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

41 * Excludes natural gas converted to liquid fuels but includes derivatives of coal as well as natural gas consumed in Gas-to-Liquids transformation. USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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49 * Commercial solid fuels only, i.e. bituminous coal and anthracite (hard coal), and lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) coal, and other commercial solid fuels. Includes coal produced for Coal-to-Liquids and Coal-to-Gas transformations. USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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59 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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61 The fuel mix of U.S. consumption changes over the projection period in the Reference case Energy consumption by sector (Reference case) quadrillion British thermal units history projections 40 electric power 35 industrial transportation residential commercial Energy consumption by fuel (Reference case) quadrillion British thermal units history projections 40 petroleum and other liquids natural gas coal 10 other renewable energy nuclear 5 hydro 0 liquid biofuels USP, Feb 22 nd,

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64 Tight oil production remains the leading source of U.S. crude oil production from 2017 to 2050 in the Reference case Crude oil production million barrels per day history projections projections 2017 projections 20 Reference 20 Low Oil and Gas Resource and Technology High Oil and Gas Resource and Technology tight oil other USP, Feb 22 nd,

65 The Southwest region leads growth in U.S. tight oil production in the Reference case Lower 48 onshore crude oil production by region (Reference case) million barrels per day history projections 4 Southwest 3 Dakotas/Rocky Mountains 2 Gulf Coast 1 Midcontinent West Coast 0 East USP, Feb 22 nd,

66 The East and Southwest regions lead the production of natural gas plant liquids in the Reference case U.S. natural gas plant liquids production by fuel million barrels per day history projections 6 U.S. natural gas plant liquids production by region million barrels per day history projections natural gasoline isobutane normal butane 5 4 East 3 propane 3 Southwest 2 1 ethane 2 1 Other U.S USP, Feb 22 nd,

67 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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83 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

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92 Gross and Operating Profit in Petrobras ( ) = negative USP, Feb 22 nd,

93 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

94 Conclusions Impact for Industry: Shift from fossil energy renewables. Among fossil from Coal/Oil Natural Gas Electrification of the industry, cogeneration incentive. China new profile: reduction in coal due to local pollution investment in renewables as a new market USP, Feb 22 nd,

95 Outline 1) Energy and CO 2, H 2 O and O 2 Cycles 2) Oil, Natural Gas and Renewables in the World and Brazil (BP Statistics) 3) Energy Flow in USA (EIA Statistics) 4) Energy Outlook 2035 (BP Statistics) 5) Petroleum Company Structure: PETROBRAS 6) Conclusions 7) Homework Refining Technology in the Petroleum, Rodrigues Metals and et al. Bioprocesses (2016) Industries USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018

96 Obligatory USP, Feb 22 nd, 2018