VHM (HUMS) in the era of CAA, JAA, EASA and ICAO

Transcription

1 VHM (HUMS) in the era of CAA, JAA, EASA and ICAO C A A - U K 5 Slide 1

2 Contents! 1/Rotorcraft Transmission Design! 2/ CAA VHM Background & Safety Data! 3/ CAA Measures, Pre EASA! 4/ EASA! 5/ CAA s Activity & Operational Proposal! 6/ ANO Consultation / Road Map! 7 ICAO s VHM Recommendations! 8/ Supporting Actions! 9/ Conclusions Slide 2

3 1/ Rotorcraft Transmission Design! Rotorcraft transmissions by their very nature are essentially single load path, and have no inherent redundancy.! Potentially more vulnerable to traditional design, operation and maintenance failures.! Improvements in basic transmission design and materials have in the main been limited, and today s transmission system designs remain essentially unchanged since the 1970 s. Slide 3

4 Rotorcraft Transmission Design VHM! The most significant recent improvement in Safety has however been attributed to the development and introduction of HUMS (particularly Vibration Health Monitoring (VHM).! The UK has a significant share of the large rotorcraft operating experience, this being essentially offshore operation.! This extensive service experience has made the CAA particularly aware of the benefits of VHM. CAA considers VHM to now be sufficiently mature, state of the art and best practice.! The offshore operating environment exposes the EU fleet to greater threats than other types of operation, but is limited to a few EU Member States. Slide 4

5 Main Gearbox Many Critical Parts Slide 5

6 Forward RGB Ring Gear Slide 6

7 2/ CAA s VHM Background! Helicopter Airworthiness Review Panel (HARP) report of 1984! British International Helicopters (BIH) BV234 Chinook Accident 6 th November 1986 (44 Fatalities)! Helicopter Health Monitoring Advisory Group (HHMAG) was setup in 1986! Safety Recommendations on VHM issued by Accident Investigation Bodies (e.g. UK AAIB)! CAA responded by funding and supporting research; In Service Trials Cost 1.2M Seeded Defect Analysis Cost 1.4M Advanced Analysis of VHM Cost 280k Slide 7

8 Safety Data Accidents & Incidents UK! BV234, G-BWFC 6 November 1986 AAIB Report 2/88! Bell 222, G-META 6 May 1987 AAIB Report 3/88! Sikorsky S61, G-BEID 13 July 1988 AAIB Report3/90! Sikorsky S61, G-BDES 10 November 1988 AAIB Report 1/90! Sikorsky S61, G-BFFJ 11 May 1989 AAIB Bulletin 7/90! Sikorsky S61, G-BCLD 9 October 1990 AAIB Report 12/90! Eurocopter AS332, G-PUMH 25 September 1995 AAIB Report 2/98 Norway! Eurocopter AS332 accident in 1997 with 12 fatalities. Slide 8

9 Safety Data! CAA has collected data from the UK operators and compiled a log of success rates.! In 1997 these data were analysed and it was clear that HUMS had been able successfully to provide warning on 69% of defect types and was able to record vibration changes in a further 17% of cases (showing the potential for further improvements). Slide 9

10 Safety Data The following chart shows the fatal hull loss within the UK to be approximately half of what could have been otherwise expected had HUMS not been installed. Slide 10

11 VHM FLEET! Worldwide HUMS experience > 3M hours! Vast Majority of this is with Civil Operation (~90%)! Over 50% is with UK & Norwegian Operators! 400+ VHM s in worldwide service! >250,000 hours per annum! Fitted to; Bell, EHI, Eurocopter & Sikorsky! Civil Systems are in use in; UK, Norway, Netherlands, Denmark, Ireland, Egypt, Mauritania, Nigeria, Namibia, Angola, South Africa, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Iran, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, Philippines, China, Japan, Brazil, Canada and the US. Slide 11

12 3/ CAA Measures, Pre-EASA Airworthiness! Data Collection! Cost Benefit Analysis! CAP 693 Issued as guidance material for HUMS! Public Consultation 1999 on CAA AAD (Inc JAA & FAA)! AAD Issued by CAA (AAD ) Applicability! Public Transport Operation with > 9 Passengers! Oversight! CAA Audit of Operators! Note; Caveat re Design Assessed Types Slide 12

13 CAA Measures, Pre-EASA, Cont! Regulation! Participated in JAA / FAA Harmonisation Working Group RHUMSAG-Output MG-15 & FAA AC on HUMS! Certification / Validation! HUMS was part of all CAA validations as a Special Condition against the Design Assessments (EH101, AS332L2)! Communicating Best Practice-HHMAG! 40 Meetings-CAA Chair & Host Meetings Slide 13

14 4/ EASA! EASA Basic Regulation 1592 / 2002 (15 th July 2002) Came into law on 28 th September 2003! Responsibility for Airworthiness transferred to EASA on 28 th September 2003! Covers Certification and Maintenance, (Operations not yet included)! Covers 25 European Countries & those with association agreements (Switzerland, Norway and Iceland).! CAA AAD s & ARI s not included in EASA mandatory measures! CAA formulated a strategy to continue to promote and mandate HUMS. Slide 14

15 5/ CAA s Activity! HUMS Added to CAA s Safety Plan! Safety Intervention Raised to highlight CAA activity! CAA has met EASA Executive & Certification Directors to present the importance of HUMS! CAA made application to EASA to retain CAA AAD under Article 10(1) of the EASA Basic Regulation.! As an interim CAA added AAD to CAP 747! In Parallel CAA considered Operational action to retain HUMS whilst EASA considered its position.! Note, Norwegian CAA Mandated VHM Effective 1 st July 2005 Slide 15

16 CAA s Operational Proposal! UK Air Navigation Order (ANO)! To Date;Two Public Consultations (2003/04)! Text Consistent with that of Norwegian Legislation and with current JAA draft NPA for EU/JAR-OPS Applicability; Public Transport 9 Maximum Approved Seating Configuration Operated in a Hostile Environment Slide 16

17 Terminology JAR-Ops 3.480! Hostile Environment;! An environment in which a safe forced landing cannot be accomplished because of the surface! Areas-For Overwater operations, the open sea areas North of 45N and South of 45S designated by the Authority of the State concerned. Slide 17

18 North of 45N and South of 45S Slide 18

19 Slide 19

20 Hostile Slide 20

21 North Sea -Dark, Wet & Windy Slide 21

22 6/ ANO Consultation! Consultation with EASA and Industry has led CAA to revise the applicability of the proposed ANO Mandatory Operational Requirement.! Agreed to Focus upon Hostile as opposed to normal operations.! Consider Normal Operation to be addressed by Certification Process (Design Assessments re HUMS)! Hostile- Such as North Sea- Agreed with EASA that HUMS is required irrespective of certification.! Note; EASA currently has no operational jurisdiction. Slide 22

23 Consultation Cont,! EASA is supportive of as an operational, rather than a design requirement. CAA agrees.! CAA is withdrawing the HUMS AAD from CAP 747 and will amend the ANO to provide for an Approval to maintain the safety benefits of HUMS. Slide 23

24 ANO Approval Road Map! 3 rd FODCOM Consultation! Review Comments! Draft Letter to Secretary of State & RIA to Department for Transport (DfT)! Publish Letter of Intent & FODCOM! Amend ANO Slide 24

25 7/ ICAO VHM Recommendations Helicopter Tilt Rotor Study Group (HTSG) was formed to revise Annex 6 Part III with regard to Performance, Tiltrotor, SEIMC; TOR were extended to deal with current issues that needed attention and the provision of additional safety equipment. Group has 14 members including States: Australia, Canada, China, FAA, France, JAA, Japan, Norway, Russia, UK; and Organisations: ICCAIA (Manufacturers), IFHA (Operators), IFALPA (Pilots) and OGP (Oil Companies). The Group has drafted proposals on all of these issues including Recommendations on TAWS, ACAS, VHM and FDM Slide 25

26 ICAO HUMS Recommendations All Helicopters (Part III Section II Chapter 4 - Equipment) Recommendation. A helicopter for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 31 December 2009 and which has a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 3,180 kg or a maximum passenger seating configuration of more than 9 should be equipped with a Vibration Health Monitoring System. SEIMC (Part III Section II Chapter 3 - Performance) Recommendation. In order to preclude the occurrence of mechanical failures, helicopters operated in IMC in Performance Class 3 should utilise vibration health monitoring for the directional control drive system. Slide 26

27 ICAO HUMS Recommendations Projected ICAO Roadmap Air Navigation Commission Approval State Letter Spring 2005 New SARPs in force 2006/7 Most new equipment Recommendations in force 2010 (SEIMC 2006/7) Slide 27

28 8/ Supporting Actions 1/ Updated and revised VHM (HUMS) CAP693 to CAP753 2/ A Specification for VHM 3/ JAA / EASA Operational Regulations, JAR/EU-Ops NPA on VHM 4/ EASA Certification Specification, CS &.917 Minimise re Design Assessment. Slide 28

29 Slide 29 9/ Conclusions!EASA considers that Design Assessments may or may not require VHM as part of certification.!easa has determined that VHM is an operational issue in Hostile Environment.!CAA will withdraw VHM AAD (airworthiness requirement)!caa will issue a UK Operational Requirement for VHM!CAA will issue CAP 753 to provide guidance!hhmag will issue a VHM Specification!ICAO has issued its VHM requirement!jaa / EASA VHM Operational Rule Sought!EASA Inventory includes design assessment review (Minimise)!Norway has Mandated VHM via their ANO!CAA will complete VHM research as part of continuous improvement