CO 2 Bulk Delivery System. Team Members: Courtney Barkey, Chris Jones, DJ Lee, Dennis McBrearty, Merrill Myers

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1 CO 2 Bulk Delivery System Team Members: Courtney Barkey, Chris Jones, DJ Lee, Dennis McBrearty, Merrill Myers

and reaction chemistry Supercritical fluids display unique and adjustable fluid

2 What Are Supercritical Fluids? Supercritical Fluid Technologies researches and develops solutions for fluid extraction and reaction chemistry Supercritical fluids display unique and adjustable fluid properties Solvating power of liquid Diffusivity of gas Common applications include decaffeination of coffee beans and extraction of hops for beer production

4 Present State Liquid CO 2 pulled via dip tube from tank About 20 L useable liquid 750 psi Room temperature Delivers directly to machinery Price per tank: $50.00 Problem: tanks take up too much space and expensive!

5 Desired State Draw gaseous CO 2 from bulk Dewar Tank 300 L usable liquid 250 psi -20 C Price per Dewar: $ Bulk savings: $600 per Dewar Develop a system to condense and deliver to machinery at similar conditions to current process 750 psi to 1500 psi Delivery at 22 C Flow rate of 250 ml/min

6 Project Scope: To design a system that will condense and pressurize CO 2 vapor output from Dewar Tank and deliver to SFT machinery, eliminating the need for expensive and cumbersome liquid tanks Create a useable prototype for proof of concept and commercial realization Dewar Tank (CO 2 gas) OUR DESIGN SFT Machinery (liquid input)

7 Metrics Rank Metric Target Value 1 Delivery Temperature 10 C - 22 C 2 Delivery Pressure >80 bar 3 Cost of System $20, $5, CO 2 Delivery Time <30 min 5 Flow Rate Variable up to 250 ml/min 6 Size of System (Volume) < 3ft x 3ft x 6ft 7 Weight of System Can move on wheels

running at 180,000 liters per day Praxair - bulk liquid storage and delivery systems

8 Benchmarking Universal Industrial Gases - recovery and liquefaction plants running at 90,000 liters per day Linde Engineering - purification and liquefaction plants running at 180,000 liters per day Praxair - bulk liquid storage and delivery systems for operations using 15,000 liters per day or more We need 6 liters per day for the lab

9 Compressor Process

10 Pump Process

11 Concept Selection: Concept 1 Dewar Tank Compressor Holding Tank Use of compressor, holding tank Condenser Post-Chiller pump (-) Complex control mechanism for prolonged high pressure storage (-) Start-up delivery time slow and complex (-) Inefficient to cool stored liquid at start-up

12 Concept Selection: Concept 2 Dewar Tank Chiller/ Condenser Holding Tank Elimination of compressor Pump Heater (+) Fewer instruments under similar load is less expensive (+) Elimination of compressor increases energy efficiency (+) Fewer parts means fewer things that can fail (-) Holding tank creates explosion hazard

13 Concept Selection: Concept 3 Dewar Tank Chiller/ Condenser Holding Tank Joule-Thompson regenerative cooling Pump Heater (-) Complex control mechanism to execute JT cooling (-) Thermodynamically, redundant phase change adds no efficiency

14 Concept Selection: Concept 4 Dewar Tank Chiller/ Condenser Holding tank eliminated Pump Pulse Damper Heater (+) Explosion hazard eliminated (+) Control system simpler, easier to use (+) Start-up delivery time fast

15 Final Design Concept Dewar Tank Vapor CO2-20ºC, 17 bar Chiller/ Condenser Holding tank eliminated Use of pump Liquid CO2-30ºC, 17 bar Liquid CO2-30ºC, 80 bar Pump Pulse Damper Heater Liquid CO2 to SCF machinery at: 22ºC, 80 bar (critical pressure)

16 Piping and Instrumentation

17 Anticipated Prototype Layout

18 Component Selection: Chiller To provide 250 ml/min, 1.4 kw of cooling power is required at -35 C Manufacturer Model Cooling Temp (C) Cooling Power (W) Flow Rate (ml/min) Cost ($) FTS Systems RS33LT ,700 FTS Systems MC100LT ,500 FTS Systems RC ,000 FTS Systems UC500LT ,000 Julabo FP52-SL ,600 FTS Systems RC ,000 Julabo FPW55-SL ,600 Polycold ,000

22 Component Selection: Condenser.3m 2 transfer area required to cool from -20 C to -30 C at 250 ml/min using Stainless Steel

23 Component Selection: Condenser 1.44 kw cooling capacity required U Value of 230 is required to chill and condense CO 2 from -20 C to -30 C at 250 ml/min Transfer Area of 3.66 ft 2 (.34 m 2 ) is required Use Model SC106 Sample Cooler

24 Component Selection: Pump 5:1 compression ratio pump required with variable flow rate up to 250 ml/min

25 Component Selection: Pump Deliver liquid CO 2 at a variable rate up to 250 ml/min Produce constant 80 bar pressure from a 17 bar inlet Use SSI Prep-250

26 Component Selection: Pulse Dampener Retaining volume at least 100 times volume of pump stroke

27 Component Selection: Pulse Dampener Pump stroke volume is.45 ml Volume needed to dampen pulse is at least 45 ml Use 1 ft of 1in SS pipe Orient Vertically to dampen pulse with weight of compressible fluid

28 Component Selection: Heater

Component Selection: Heater Helical arrangement creates secondary

W/ft heat tape and copper alloy tubing to increase efficiency and

process adjustment and will not overheat or flash CO2 Analysis

29 Component Selection: Heater Helical arrangement creates secondary flow providing efficient heat transfer and compact heater Use 20 W/ft heat tape and copper alloy tubing to increase efficiency and decrease size Self regulating heat tape with thermostat allows process adjustment and will not overheat or flash CO2 Analysis requires ~25 ft of heat tape and tubing for the 500W heating requirement

30 Prototype Cost Component Quantity Manufacturer/Description Model Number Cost Chiller 1 FTS Systems - ULT Series RC210 RC210C0 $14, Condenser 1 Madden Manufacturing - Sample Cooler SC106 $ Pump 1 SSI - Prep 250 Diaphragm Pump Prep-250 $4, Chiller Tubing 15 ft McMaster Carr - Poly Tubing 5545K14 $12.15 Ethylene Glycol Coolant 1 McMaster Carr - 5 Gallons 8673T22 $ Pressure Gauge 2 WIKA Series Liquid Filled Stock # $94.82 Temperature Gauge 2 Omega - RTD Pipe Plug RTD-NPT-72-E-DUAL-1/4-MTP $ Alarm 1 Omega - 1/16 DIN Temperature Controller CN1A-RTD-230VAC $ SS 1/4 in Pipe 20 ft Swagelok SS-T4-S-04-20, 5.69/ft +2CutChge $ SS 1 in Pipe 1 ft Swagelok SS-T16-S , 26.37/ft+2CutChge $ Dewar Fitting 1 Cramer Decker - CGA320 x.25 NPT female N832A $17.80 Dewar & SC Fitting 3 Swagelok SS $20.70 Chiller Fitting 2 Swagelok SS $19.00 SC Fitting 2 Swagelok SS $22.00 Gauge Attachments 3 Swagelok SS TTF $94.20 Pump Fitting 2 Swagelok SS $6.60 Pulse Dampener Fitting 2 Swagelok SS $ SFT Machinery Fitting 1 Swagelok SS $11.00 Relief Valve 1 McMaster Carr psi Relief Valve 5026K51 $61.85 T-Fitting 2 Swagelok SS TTF $ W/ft Heat Tape w/ Jacket 25ft Chromalox SRM/E 20-1CT $ Power Connection 1 Chromalox RTPC $56.10 Line Sensing Thermostat 1 Chromalox RTBC $ End Seal 1 Chromalox RTES $6.05 Copper Tubing 50ft Coil McMaster Carr - Copper Tubing 8955K26 $ Heater Fittings 2 Swagelok S $9.50 Fiberglass Wrap 3 McMaster Carr - Insulation 4478K1 $16.59 PolyU. Insulation 1 McMaster Carr - Insulation 5431K15 $8.93 Alarm 2 Omega - 1/16 DIN Temperature Controller CN1A-RTD-230VAC $ Total: $21,838.00

31 Actual Prototype Layout

32 Testing and Evaluation Set-Up

Testing and Evaluation Plans Key Parameter Cooled temperature achieved by pre-pump condenser Temperature achieved by post-pump heater Pressure maintenance within tubing Pressure increase achieved by

33 Testing and Evaluation Plans Key Parameter Cooled temperature achieved by pre-pump condenser Temperature achieved by post-pump heater Pressure maintenance within tubing Pressure increase achieved by pump Proving Test Use thermocouples to directly measure inlet/outlet temperature Use thermocouples to directly measure inlet/outlet temperature Use pressure gauges to measure head loss in standard length tube Use pressure gauges to measure inlet and outlet pressures

Testing and Evaluation Results Operating Conditions Polyscience 6706 chiller Results Ethylene Glycol/ Water mixture used as intermediary fluid with condenser Glycol mixture mass flow rate of 6

34 Testing and Evaluation Results Operating Conditions Polyscience 6706 chiller Results Ethylene Glycol/ Water mixture used as intermediary fluid with condenser Glycol mixture mass flow rate of 6 gal/min Intermediary fluid temperature of 22 F All trials successfully condensed butane at 5psig Trial Number Flow Rate (ml/min) Inlet Temperature ( F) Outlet Temperature ( F) Cooling Power Used (W)

35 Testing Implications Prototype Proved core theory and brought concept to bear System should give sponsor a viable, first-cut solution to problem Begin switch to Dewars, reducing sponsor s costs in CO 2 tanks Future Product Provided sponsor with core of product design Should be a viable sale product, pending minor refinements Add to sponsor s revenue stream, selling packaged systems to others

36 Value to SFT Business Sponsor currently uses 6 cryogenic cylinders per week, providing 6000 liters of CO 2 for $15,000 per year Switching to Dewar tanks, the same volume of CO 2 can be obtained for only $3000 per year Drawing vapor CO 2 from a less pure, bulk tank saves $12,000 per year! Successful commercialization of system design will provide sponsor with an additional product for his catalog, increasing business profitability through added sales

Path Forward Final assembly all components become available Full-scale run of complete system to validate performance Implementation in sponsor s lab, with long-term testing

37 Path Forward Final assembly all components become available Full-scale run of complete system to validate performance Implementation in sponsor s lab, with long-term testing of system reliability and efficiency Update component selections Working with marketing department, tweak system layout to make a more professional, salable consumer product

38 Questions?

Heating Cable. Cut to Length in Field. Description

Heating Cable. Cut to Length in Field. Description Self-Regulating Freeze Protection D E C B A Self-Regulating, Energy Efficient Designed for Freeze Protection Max. Exposure Temp. 185 F Temperature Cost Effective for Commercial Construction Freeze Protection