Regulation PM-6.0: Equipment and Machinery

Transcription

1 6.1 General Requirements 6.2 Mobile Equipment Internal movement vehicles Visual display screens in vehicles Skeletal trailers Trestles Goosenecks Roll trailers and cassettes Hand trucks and trolleys Cargo platforms Access or lashing cages 6.3 Electrical Equipment 6.4 Hand Tools 6.5 Machinery 6.6 Mooring Dolphins and Bollards 6.7 Tenders and Work Boats 6.8 Storage Racking 6.9 Personal Protective Equipment General requirements Storage and maintenance of personal protective equipment

2 6.1 General Requirements All terminal plant and equipment shall be of good design and construction, of adequate strength, suitable for the purpose for which it is used, and maintained in a safe and efficient condition. The maintenance shall be carried out on a planned preventive basis. 6.2 Mobile Equipment Mobile equipment used in ports, including various types of vehicles which are one of the most common elements in fatalities and serious injuries in ports, shall be properly maintained and kept in good order. Special attention shall be paid to the maintenance of brakes and braking systems Internal movement vehicles 1. Internal movement vehicles (vehicles that only work within a port or belong to the ship) including skeletal trailers shall comply with appropriate minimum standards for construction and maintenance, particularly with regard to such items as tyres, brakes, lights, steering, warning signals and general vehicle safety. 2. Cargo-handling vehicles shall have a high degree of stability under working conditions. 3. Vehicles shall be conspicuously painted or marked and fitted with a flashing or rotating yellow beacon. 4. Safe access shall be provided to the driver s cab and to other parts of the vehicle as necessary. 5. Drivers cabs on vehicles shall provide protection from adverse weather conditions and have good all-round visibility, with minimal obstruction of the driver s view. Where vehicles have blind spots and there is a risk of injury, closed-circuit television or other suitable detection device shall be considered. 6. All exposed dangerous parts of vehicles, such as power take-offs, chain drives and hot exhausts, shall be securely guarded. 7. Vehicles, including trailers used to transport containers, shall be constructed in such a way that the containers are supported by their corner fittings or other parts designed for that purpose. Containers shall not be supported on their side rails. 8. Consideration shall be given to the fitting of speed limiters to heavy duty tractors and other plant for handling containers or similar large cargo.

3 6.2.2 Visual display screens in vehicles 1. Visual display screens in vehicles shall be fitted in a location that is not prone to glare and reflection and will provide the minimum distraction to the driver of the vehicle while it is moving but still be easily readable. The display shall be kept concise and require as little interaction from the driver as possible when the vehicle is moving. 2. Any acknowledgement required from the driver shall be simple, and where possible interaction shall only require the operation of a simple button, switch or touch screen. 3. Logistical systems shall be designed so that any data input or complex keyboard operation by the driver can be carried out while stationary Skeletal trailers 1. Trailers used in port operations shall be constructed so as to be able to withstand the continuous impacts when loaded by cranes or other container-handling equipment. 2. The safe working load (or maximum load rating) of trailers shall be adequate for their use. Trailers used in container terminals may need to be constructed for a maximum load rating in excess of 50 tonnes. 3. Where trailers operate at night or in poorly lit areas, lighting and adequate reflectors shall be considered. Consideration shall be given to light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. These have greatly improved lighting efficiency and are not prone to loading impact damage. 4. All trailers shall be fitted with devices to secure or retain loads on them. 5. Trailers shall preferably be painted a conspicuous colour or otherwise conspicuously marked. 6. The braking systems on trailers shall be compatible with those on the tractors that are to move them. 7. Trailers that do not have conventional twist lock securing devices, and are used in container terminals where loads travel only short distances at slow speeds without negotiating sharp bends on roads, shall be fitted with substantial corner plates of sufficient height to retain the load in position Trestles

4 1. Trestles shall be used to support trailers that are not attached to other vehicles when the trailers are, a) Laden; b) Being loaded or unloaded by a lift truck from a loading bay; c) Stowed on board ship. 2. The correct type of trestle shall be selected with adequate strength for the task. 3. Trestles shall preferably have wheels or rollers so that they can easily be moved. 4. Wheels or rollers on heavy-duty trestles can be spring-loaded and not load-bearing when in use. 5. Trestles shall be regularly inspected and maintained Goosenecks 1. All goosenecks shall be regularly inspected and properly maintained, particular attention being given to the wear of the kingpin and the squared-off edge of the toe plate. A gooseneck with a missing or damaged toe plate shall not be used. 2. Storage frames for goosenecks shall be located so that tractor units do not have to emerge directly into a traffic stream when leaving the frame. 3. Storage frames for goosenecks may restrain them between vertical frames or by a shoe over the toe. Both are prone to damage and shall be inspected and maintained accordingly. 4. Many roll trailers have attachment arms suitable for laden and unladen conditions. Goosenecks may be modified or purchased with corresponding attachment lugs to ensure improvement of security, particularly when pulling up gradients Roll trailers and cassettes 1. Port operators shall ensure that arrangements with roll trailer and cassette owners include procedures for their inspection and maintenance. 2. Roll trailers and cassettes shall always be stored on firm and level ground Hand trucks and trolleys

5 1. Hand trucks used for transporting gas cylinders, carboys or similar objects shall be designed and constructed for that specific purpose. 2. Hand trucks or trolleys used on slopes shall be provided with effective brakes. 3. If it is advisable to prevent hand trucks and trolleys from moving when they are left standing, they shall be provided with effective handbrakes, chains or other appropriate devices. 4. Three-wheeled or four-wheeled hand trucks shall be provided with spring clips or other locking devices by which the handles can be secured in an upright position. Portworkers shall be required to use these devices when the trucks are stationary. 5. Handles of hand trucks and trolleys shall be designed to protect the hands of the user. This may be by the provision of knuckle-guards Cargo platforms 1. Cargo platforms shall be robustly constructed of sound metal or wood. If the platforms are designed to be movable, perforated sheeting, expanded metal, or metal grating shall be used to minimize the weight of the platform. Platforms shall be designed to bear the weight both of the loads to be made up or received and of the workers. 2. A factor of safety shall be allowed for the dynamic loads that will occur when cargo is landed on them. 3. Cargo platforms shall be. a) Adequately supported and, where necessary, securely fastened; b) Of sufficient size to receive cargo and to ensure the safety of persons working on c) them; d) Provided with safe means of access, such as ladders or steps; e) Securely fenced (see section 3.3.4) on any side that is not being used for receiving or f) delivering cargo, if the platform is more than 1.5 m high; g) Maintained in good repair. 4. Any portable trestles used to make up cargo platforms shall be so placed as to be steady.

6 5. Cargo platforms shall not be overloaded. 6. Hatch covers shall not be used in the construction of cargo platforms Access or lashing cages 1. The framework of most access or lashing cages is similar to that of an ISO container. The location of corner fittings in the top framework shall conform to ISO 668 Series 1 freight containers Classification, dimensions and ratings to enable the cage to be lifted by a container spreader. Most cages are 20 or 40 feet long but some telescopic cages have also been built. Smaller cages, sometimes known as gondolas, are used for work in narrow aisles between stacks of containers. 2. Access or lashing cages shall have, a) Guard rails and toe boards (see section 3.3.4). The top rail shall be recessed or an additional handrail provided inside the guard rail, in order to prevent hands being trapped between the guard rail and a container or other object. The distance between a handrail and guard rail shall not be less than 9 cm in order to allow for workers wearing gloves; b) Robust doors or gates that open inwards and are self-closing. Chains shall not be used instead of doors; c) Mesh or other suitable protection on the sides and ends of the cage to prevent accidental trapping; d) Where practicable, protection from objects falling from above; Suitable bins and hooks to stow equipment normally carried in the cage. Such equipment includes twist locks and other inter-box connectors and twist lock poles. e) Covers for bins may form seats. The use of seats enables workers to be more stable during transfer to or from a quay; f) A secondary means of locking onto a spreader when the cage is in use g) The following possibilities may be considered: 1 manual attachment of a chain at each corner; 2 the use of hand-operated locking pins; h) Provision of an additional automatically operated twist lock at both ends of the spreader; i) A notice giving instructions for safe use. 3. The bottom corners of the cage may be recessed and the end of the cage floor may be hinged to allow safe access to twist locks, etc., below the cage. Any area of floor where workers kneel shall be suitable for the purpose and not of open-grid construction. A handrail shall be provided in front of the kneeling position.

7 4. An emergency stop button shall be provided, where possible.. 5. Radio communication with the crane operator shall be provided. 6.3 Electrical Equipment 1. All electrical equipment and circuits shall be so designed, constructed, installed, protected and maintained as to prevent danger in accordance with national legal requirements. Where such requirements do not exist, reference shall be made to the relevant recommendations of the International Electro technical Commission. 2. Suitably located efficient means for cutting off all electrical current from every part of the system shall be provided as necessary to prevent danger. 3. All non-current-carrying metal parts of electrical equipment shall be earthed, or other suitable measures taken to prevent them from becoming live. 4. All conductors shall be suitably insulated and installed to prevent danger. Cables shall be installed so as to be protected against being struck by moving loads. 5. Electrical equipment that will be exposed to wet or dusty conditions shall be so constructed as to be suitable for use in such conditions. 6. Electrical equipment for use in places where a potentially explosive atmosphere is likely to occur shall be so constructed as to be not liable to ignite that atmosphere. It may be possible to construct electronic and similar equipment so as to be intrinsically safe and unable to ignite the atmosphere. Other electrical equipment shall be pressurized or otherwise explosion-protected to a standard appropriate for use in that atmosphere. 7. Portable floodlights, and hand lamps in particular, shall be powered as far as possible from a low-voltage circuit. The voltage shall not exceed 42 volts between conductors, or 24 volts between phase and neutral in the case of three-phase circuits. In accordance with the recommendation of the International Electro technical Commission, the no-load voltage of the circuit shall not exceed 50 volts in the first case and 29 in the second. 6.4 Hand Tools

8 1. All manual and power-operated hand tools shall be of good material and construction and maintained in a safe condition. 2. Hand tools, including those owned by individual workers, shall be periodically inspected by a competent person. Defective tools shall be immediately replaced or repaired. 6.5 Machinery 1. All machinery shall be regularly maintained and cleaned, to ensure that it remains in a safe and efficient condition. Particular attention shall be paid to the risk of corrosion that may result from the marine environment and the materials handled. 2. Any machinery that is found to be unserviceable shall be isolated or immobilized, as appropriate. It shall also be clearly signed or marked to show that it is unserviceable and ensure it is not returned to use before it has been repaired. 3. Guards of dangerous parts of machinery shall not be removed while the machinery is in motion. 4. Dangerous parts of machinery shall only be cleaned, examined, lubricated, adjusted or repaired when the machine is stopped. 5. Only duly authorized persons shall be permitted to remove guarding from dangerous machinery. Any guarding that is removed by an authorized person shall be replaced as soon as possible and before the machinery is restarted. 6. All machinery that is stopped for servicing or repairs shall be isolated. Effective measures shall be taken to ensure that it could not be accidentally restarted. This may be achieved by the use of lock-off devices or.permit to work. systems. 7. If it is found to be absolutely necessary to examine or adjust machinery in motion and with a guard removed, the work shall only be carried out by specially authorized and trained personnel, in accordance with a safe system of work. Such persons shall wear one-piece overalls with no loose ends. 8. An audible or other suitable warning shall be given to workers nearby before large or complex machinery is started, unless the operator can clearly see all parts of the machine or system.

9 9. Pipes containing steam or other hot fluids at temperatures of more than 50 C shall be suitably insulated or otherwise protected. Where necessary pipes shall be colour coded in accordance with national standards. 10. All dangerous parts of machinery and pipes containing hot fluids, including those in places where only maintenance personnel work, shall be securely guarded unless their position or construction makes them as safe as they would be if they were securely guarded. Dangerous parts of machinery include motors, gears, chains, wheels and shafts. 11. Guards shall be of rigid metal or other material capable of withstanding the corrosive effects of the marine environment. Wood is liable to rot and is generally not suitable. 12. Guards that are not an integral part of a machine shall be securely fastened in position to prevent unauthorized removal. 13. Machinery shall be designed to come to a stop if a guard that is necessary is removed. Devices ensuring this shall fail to safety. Limit switches shall be positively operated so as to be driven to the open position. 14. Every machine shall have a stop control next to the operator s position. 15. Pipes that are likely to reach temperatures above 50 C shall be insulated. 6.6 Mooring Dolphins and Bollards 1. Safe access shall be provided to all mooring dolphins and bollards. 2. A ladder from the water shall be provided at all dolphins. 3. All dolphins and any walkways between them shall be fenced (see section 3.3.4) as far as is practicable. 4. Appropriate life-saving equipment shall be provided on or immediately adjacent to mooring dolphins. 5. Where appropriate, bollards shall be clearly marked with an identification number. This shall be clearly visible to mooring parties both on shore and on ships. 6. The ground around all bollards shall be maintained in a sound and level condition.

10 7. The adequacy of available mooring facilities shall be reviewed when changes are proposed to the type or size of ships to be handled in a port. 6.7 Tenders and Work Boats 1. All tenders, work boats and other craft used for the transport of portworkers shall be of suitable construction, properly equipped for use and navigation and maintained in a seaworthy condition. 2. All tenders and work boats shall comply with relevant national legal requirements. These generally relate to their construction, stability, life-saving equipment and operation. 3. All tenders and work boats shall. a) Be under the charge of a competent person; b) Be manned by an adequate and experienced crew; c) Display in a conspicuous place the maximum number of persons that may be carried; this shall have been certified by a competent person; d) Have sufficient seating accommodation for all persons that may be carried; e) Be fitted with fenders along the sides to prevent damage when alongside ships, buoys or elsewhere. 4. Tenders and work boats driven by mechanical power shall have. a) Bulwarks at least 60 cm high or rigid rails at least 75 cm high to prevent persons falling overboard; b) Seating under cover for at least half the maximum number of persons that may be carried; c) Protection from the weather for the remainder of the persons wherever practicable; an appropriate number of suitable fire extinguishers; d) Appropriate life-saving equipment. 6.8 Storage Racking 1. All storage racks shall be of good robust construction and of adequate strength. The racking shall be crossbraced and firmly secured to the ground or other substantial structure to prevent collapse or overturning. 2. The racking shall be clearly marked with its maximum safe load, where appropriate. 3. The construction of the rack and the weight and nature of the goods to be kept in it shall be considered when determining the height/base ratio of racks.

11 4. Where mechanical handling equipment is used to load and unload racking, protection shall be provided for exposed uprights of the racking in order to prevent damage to them that could result in the collapse of the racking. Protection of uprights at corners is particularly important. 6.9 Personal Protective Equipment General requirements 1. Personal protective equipment shall never be used as a substitute for eliminating or otherwise controlling a hazard. However, when this is not possible, personal protective equipment shall always be used. 2. The need for personal protective equipment shall be determined in accordance with national legal requirements and an assessment of the risks to which portworkers may be exposed during their work. 3. Cargo handlers shall generally be supplied with. a) Protective footwear; b) Safety helmets; c) Overalls; d) Appropriate foul-weather clothing; e) High-visibility outer garments; f) Gloves. 4. Personal protective equipment that shall be supplied to portworkers may include. a) Ear/hearing protection; b) Fall prevention and fall arrest equipment; c) Floatation aids; d) Foot and ankle protection; e) Hand and arm protection; f) Head protection; g) High-visibility clothing; h) Knee and leg protection; i) Overalls; j) Respiratory protection; k) Restraints; l) Shaller protection;

12 m) Weather- and heat-resistant clothing. 5. All personal protective equipment shall comply with relevant international and national legal requirements and standards. 6. When selecting the most appropriate type of personal protective equipment for an operation, information available from equipment manufacturers and suppliers and those who will have to wear it shall be considered before a final selection is made. 7. Personal protective equipment shall be selected to ensure that it is as comfortable as is practical for those who have to wear it, as this can be onerous, particularly if more than one type of protection needs to be worn at the same time. 8. It is essential that appropriate training in the use, care and maintenance of personal protective equipment is given to all portworkers Storage and maintenance of personal protective equipment 1. Suitable facilities shall be provided for the storage of personal protective equipment when it is not in use. This shall generally be separated from accommodation for workers personal clothing in order to prevent cross-contamination. The facilities shall include means of drying, where necessary. 2. All personal protective equipment shall be maintained in a clean, hygienic and effective condition, in accordance with the manufacturer s recommendations. 3. Some personal protective equipment has a limited useful life. Limitations may be based on time or the use of the equipment. In such cases, the equipment, or the relevant part of it such as the filter in a respirator, shall be changed in accordance with the manufacturer s recommendations.