Unrestricted. S.Mukhopadhyay
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1 Unrestricted S.Mukhopadhyay
2 Electrical safety A report says that every year 5500 Indians die due to electric shock and 800 due to electric fire. 12% work place death due to electrocution
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5 ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT There are four main types of electrical injuries: Direct: Electrocution or death due to electrical shock Electrical shock Burns Indirect Falls
6 ELECTRIC BURN
7 ELECTRIC BURN
8 ELECTRIC BURN
9 ELECTRIC BURN
10 ELECTRIC BURN
11 ELECTRIC BURN
12 ELECTRIC BURN
13 ELECTRIC BURN
14 ELECTRIC BURN
15 Severity of shock 1. Severity of the shock depends on: Path of current through the body Amount of current flowing through the body Duration of the shocking current through the body, 2. LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD
16 LOW VOLTAGE CAN BE HAZARDOUS Causes burn Injuries Causes death
17 Electric shock: A person feels electric shock when a current passes through his body. It occurs when the human body becomes the part of the electric current and completes the circuit for the flow of electric current through it. The condition is that current must enter the body at one point and leave at the other. Most dangerous path Right hand to Left leg
18 The Indian Electricity Rules 1956 Clearance from structures / sheds/ buildings to Low and Medium Voltage Lines and Service lines 1. When the line passes over the building, provide a vertical clearance of 2.5m [8 ft.] from the highest point of the roof, open balcony and verandah of the building. 2. When the line passes adjacent to the building, provide a horizontal clearance of 1.2m [4 ft.] from the nearest point of roof, open balcony and verandah of building. Clearance from structures / sheds/ buildings to High and Extra High Voltage Line. 1. Provide a vertical clearance of 3.6m [12 ft.] upto 33KV and 3.6m [12 ft.] plus 0.3m [1 ft.] for every additional 33KV above the highest part of the building immediately under such lines. 2. Provide a horizontal clearance of 1.2m [4 ft.] upto 11KV, 1.8m [6 ft.] upto 33KV and1.8m [6 ft.] plus 0.3m [1 ft.] for every additional 33KV or part thereof, between the nearest conductor and any part of the building. Rule 79,The Indian Electricity Rules- 1956
19 ELECTRIC SHOCK Magnitude of the Current The effect on an adult (weight 68 Kg) From 0 to 0.5 ma no sensation 1 ma Threshold of perception From 1 to 3mA From 3 to 10 ma weak sensation Painful sensation 10 ma Threshold of muscular contraction in the arms 30 ma Threshold of respiratory paralysis 75 ma to 100 ma Threshold of cardiac fibrillation (probability 0.5%) 250 ma Cardiac fibrillation with 99.5% probability (for an exposure time of 5 seconds) 4A 5A Threshold of cardiac paralysis (sudden stoppage of the heart) Burning of organic tissues The electrical resistance of the human body varies widely according to the age and sex of the individual.
20 RESISTANCE OF HUMAN BODY Body area Resistance in Ohms Dry skin 100,000 to 600,000 Wet skin 1000 Internal body hand to foot 400 to 600 Ear to Ear About 100
21 ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE METAL DRY SKIN WOOD RUBBER 10 TO 50 Ohms 100,000 TO 600,000 Ohms 100,000,000 Ohms 100,000,000,000,000 Ohms
22 The Indian Electricity Rules 1956 Voltage category LOW upto Volts MEDIUM- upto- 650 Volts HIGH- upto Volts EXTRA HIGH- above Volts (as per Rule 2au of The Indian Electricity Rules -1956)
23 Current Calculation I = V / R ( Ohms Law ) Say, Voltage = 110 Volts, Resistance (R) = 1000 Ohms, then Current (I) = 110 /1000 = 0.11 Amps = 110 ma
24 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Go Always for the best While procuring electrical items don t compromise on safety and quality. Always go for the best and use ISI / CE etc,marked electrical items. These ensure that the products are manufactured as per the laid down standards. It is the matter of your own safety
25 ELECTRICAL SAFETY Earthing the life saving specialist. The objective of an earthling system is to provide as early as possible easy path for the flow of current to the ground in case of any fault in the system. Avoiding the risk of current flow through the human body in case of accidental contact takes place. If the leakage is considerably high it will blow off the backup fuses or trip off circuit breakers. Earthing should be provided as per IS
26 Electrical Safety
27 ELECTRICAL SAFETY ELCB or RCCB The earth leakage circuit breakers (ELCB) are the protection devices against potential electric shock or fire. They operate on the current balance principle and trip off the circuit immediately whenever a person comes in direct or indirect contact with electrical circuit thereby protecting human life or the possibility of fires. Rule 47(6) The Building and other construction workers (Regulation and condition of service ) central Rules The employer shall ensure that all temporary electrical installations at building or other construction work are provided with ELCB or RCCB.
28 ELECTRICAL SAFETY ELCB 30mA ELCB offer highest degree of protection to human life against direct or indirect contact with live parts and electrical shock. ELCB should be selected for a rated current of approximately 15-20% more than the load the ELCB required to carry.
29 Safety in use Portable Tools & appliances 1. Inspect portable tools and appliances and cords regular basis. 2. Use tagging system for good and damaged power tools 3. Use metal clad plug tops. 4. Check the earthing connection is properly connected 1. Do not remove plug by pulling cords 2. Don t carry a tool by the cord 3. Do not insert wires in socket always use plug top. 4. All cable joints of extension cables should be insulated adequately 5. Keep cable 2 meters above the ground.
30 Preventing Electrical Hazards - Tools 1. Use Double Insulated power tools 2. Use insulated screwdriver 3. Insulated tools 4. Insulated handling equipment If equipment comes into contact with energized parts 5. Protective shields, Barriers, Insulating materials Double Insulated marking
31 Preventing Electrical Hazards - Tools
32 Hazard during Use
33 Hazard during Use
34 Hazards - Temporary Lights 1. Protect from contact and damage, 2. Don t suspend by cords
35 Temporary Lights - Hand Lamp
36 Good Gesture
37 Good Gesture
38 Safety-Related Work Practices Barrier protection from electrical shock: 1. Use barriers and guards to prevent passage through areas of exposed energized equipment 2. Warning signage 3. Keep working spaces and walkways clear of cords
39 Arc Flash
40 ARC-FLASH As much as 80% of all electrical injuries are burns resulting from an arc-flash and ignition of flammable clothing. Arc temperature can reach 35,000 F - this is four times hotter than the surface of the sun Fatal burns can occur at distances over 10 ft.
41 ARC EXPOSURE ENERGY 1. Exposure Energy is Expressed in cal/cm Cal/cm 2 Equals the Exposure on the tip of a finger by a Cigarette Lighter in One Second. 3. An Exposure Energy of Only One or 2 Cal/cm 2 Will Cause a 2nd Degree Burn on Human Skin.
42 Personal Protective Equipments (PPE)
43 Arc Flash - Personal Protective Equipment 1. Hard Hat (Electrical) Class E. 2. High voltage Rubber Gloves 3. Safety shoe (non conductive) 4. Testing and Maintaining Gloves If possible to prevent damage to rubber glove, protective outer glove can be used (leather glove) Note: Leather gloves alone are not recommended.
44 Arc Flash - Personal Protective Equipment Class Of Gloves: IS:4770 / 1991 (1) 650 Volts - Type 1 (2) 1100 Volts - Type 2 (3) 7500 Volts - Type 3 (4) 17,000 Volts - Type 4
45 Arc Flash - Personal Protective Equipment Face Shield - electric arcs, flashes resulting from electrical explosion.
46 Thermography Infrared Thermography :- Is used to perform inspections on electrical equipment. Loose connections, overloaded or imbalanced of circuits causes resistance on electrical apparatus ultimately leads to electrical fault. Faulty breakers, damaged switches, faulty fuses and a wide range of other unwanted electrical conditions can be detected before the electrical component burns up. Thermography is used to see the excess heat (resistance) so that problems can be found and maintenance personnel can act to correct the problem before the component fails, causing damage to the component, safety hazards and/or production downtime
47 Thermography Stop Electrical FIRE
48 Transmission line work
49 Transmission line work High voltage detecting tester
50 Transmission line work Discharge rod
51 Lockout and Tagging of Circuits Apply locks to power source after de-energizing Tag deactivated controls Tag de-energized equipment and circuits at all points where they can be energized Tags must identify equipment or circuits being worked on
52 Electric Fire Switch off the power to the affected area. No water to be used for extinguishing electrical fires. For putting out electrical fires C02 or Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) can be used or dry sand if available.
53 CPR
54 Unqualified Persons Those people with little or no training in avoiding electrical hazards while working on or near exposed energized parts.
55
56 Thank you
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