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1 -AI HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM OPTOM~i7- - OPTONA17 P 21 JULY 19 (U) NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA P A IJITTMANN ET AL OCT 85 NPS U CLASSFFEDF/G8/3 U EhEmohmhEEEEEEE smmhheoheeeee I fflfflffllfllfllfllf

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3 - -7-7V - NPS NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California TIC DEC 1 HYDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM OPTOMA17 OPTOMA17 P 21 July 1985 OPTOMA17 Leg DI 1-22 August 1985 OPTOMA17 Leg DII 23 August - 5 September 1985 by Paul A. Wittmann Edward A. Kelley, Jr. Christopher N.K. Mooers October 1985 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Prepared for: Office of Naval Research Environmental Sciences Directorate (Code 42) Arlington, VA

4 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California Commodore R.H. Shumaker Superintendent David A. Schrady Provost This report is for the research project "Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis" sponsored by the Physical Oceanography Program of the Office of Naval Research under Program Element 61153N. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized. This report was Prepared by: PAUL A. WIiTMANN -- E.LEY, Jr. Oceanographer Adjunct Prof., Oceanography -,.-.'" " / - CHRISTOPHER N.. MOERS Professor and Chairman, Department of Oceanogrpahy Reviewed by: Released by: Christopher NK. Mooers, Chairman Department of Oceanography John'N. Dyer' Dean of Science and Engineering.". - 4., %, r ' " " " " " 4 " " -. -" - *. ". *. ". ". " - " ". ". " - *. " - " * ".'. " " "

5 LZ Hydro graphic Data from the OPTOMA Program: OPTOMA July - 5 September, 1985 by Paul A. Wittmann Edward A. Kelley, Jr. Christopher N. K. Mocers F '* Chief Scientist E. A. Kelley, Jr. The OPTOMA Program is a joint program of : Department of Oceanography Center for Earth and Planetary Physics Naval Postgraduate School Harvard University Monterey, CA Cambridge, MA 2138.

6 UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (lwhen Data Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS R O D UOBEFORE COMPLETING FORM I. REPORT NUMER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER NPS "7 4. TITLE (and Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED Hydrographic Data fran the OFIM Program, Report for October 1982 OPTC@17 to September July-5 Septrber, 1985 S. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AuTNOR(e) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(o) Paul A. Witimann, Edward A. Kelley, Jr., Christopher N.K. Mooers 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 1. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TAS AREA A WORK UNIT NUMBERS [ Naval Postgraduate School Y~Monterey, CA ~ 6L153W IOO1484WR24SO1 IL CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE Office of Naval Research October 1985 Code NUMBER OF PAGES Arlington, VA MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AOORESS(if different from Controlling Office) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report) I4. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report) Unclassified Se. DECLASSIFICATION SCHEDULE DOWNGRADING Approved for public release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered,i Block 2, If different from Report) IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES It. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse eide if necesear nd Identify by block number) California Current System Physical Oceanography Dynamic Oceanography 2. AOSTRACT (Continue on reverse side Ift necesary and identify by block number) The two cruises, Leg DI and DII, and one AXBT flight Leg P were undertaken in July, August, and Septarber THis report presents the hydrographic data acquired by XBT, AXBT and CrD casts, from the cruises and the flights. D I JN O EDI TION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE S,'N 12-LF* SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE 'When Does Entered)

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ii iii INTRODUCTION 2 DATA ACQUISITION 2 DATA PROCESSING 3 3!,.DATA PRESENTATION 4 SECTION I: LEG P 7 SECTION 2: LEG DI 25 SECTION 3: LEG DII 73 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 119 REFERENCE 119 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST Fo il S,.5CRA&?I U a!z I --- QUALITY coj;~l[i s INSPECTED '. Av,; a.d or.p.ciai.."....',... r,,.'..'.-=,.._, -.,,,,.-,,. : :, :._..--, :,,;,-.,.%"'Z ", *-..., %,.

8 LIST OF TABLES Table No. Caption Page 1. Scientific instruments aboard USNS DE STEIGUER 6 2. Leg P Station Listing Leg DI Station Listing Leg DII Station Listing 77 4, A.:-i

9 LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Caption Page 1. The NOCAL and CENCAL subdomains of the OPTOMA 1 Program. Isobaths are shown in meters. 2. The flight track for OPTOMA17, Leg P AXBT locations for OPTOMA17, Leg P Station numbers for OPTOMA17, Leg P (a)-(e) AXBT temperature profiles, staggered by 13 multiples of 5C (OPTOMA17, Leg P). 6. (a)-(l) Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along the 18 upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (OPTOMA17, Leg P). 7. Mean temperature profile, with + and - the standard deviation. (OPTOMA17, Leg P) The cruise track for OPTOMA17, Leg DI XBT and CTD locations for OPTOMA17, Leg DI Station numbers for OPTOMA17, Leg DI (a)-(l). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 35 multiples of 5C (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). 12. (a)-(d). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by 47 multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). 13. (a)-(o). Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along 51 the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). 14. (a)-(g). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 61 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). Y, eiii '4

10 Figure No. Caption Page 15. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. 68 (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). 16. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, with + and - the standard deviations, from 69 the CTD's (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). 17. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. 7 Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). 18. Mean N 2 profile (-), with + and - the standard 71 deviation (---). The N 2 profile from T(Y3 and 1S(7 is also shown (... ). (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). 19. The cruise track for OPTOMA17, Leg DII XBT and CTD locations for OPTOMA17, Leg DII Station numbers for OPTOMA17, Leg DII (a)-(m). XBT temperature profiles, staggered by 33 multiples of 5C (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). 23. (a)-(d). CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles 96 staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). 24. (a)-(d) Casts: Surface to 8m (OPTOMA17, Leg DII) (a)-(q). Along-track isotherms. Tick mark a ng the upper 14 horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). 26. (a)-(d). Isopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and 111 (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (OPTOMAL7, Leg DII). 27. Mean temperature profiles from (a) XBT's and (b) CTD's, with + and - the standard deviation. 115 (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). iv! ~-

11 Figure No. Caption Page 28. Mean profiles of (a) salinity and (b) sigma-t, with + and - the standard deviations, 116 from the CTD's (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). 29. (a) T-S pairs and (b) mean T-S relation, with + and - the standard deviation, from the CTD's. 117 Selected sigma-t contours are also shown. (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). 3. Mean N 2 profile (-), with + and - the standard 118 deviation (---). The N 2 profile from Tz) and S(z) is also shown (...). (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). '2 i7 p~v.4,..

12 41N Cape Mendocino NOCA No 128W 12W 124W 22W 12 <1 1

13 2 INTRODUCTION The OPTOMA (Ocean Prediction Through Observations, Modeling and Analysis) Program, a joint NPS/Harvard program sponsored by ONR, seeks to understand the mesoscale (fronts, eddies, and jets) variability and dynamics of the California Current System and to determine the scientific limits to practical mesoscale ocean forecasting. To help carry out the aims of this project, a series of cruises has been planned in two subdomains, NOCAL and CENCAL, shown in Figure 1. The two cruises and one AXBT flight comprising OPTOMA17 were undertaken, during July, August and September 1985,in the USNS DE STEIGUER and a Reserve Patrol Wing P3B aircraft. Hydrographic data were acquired off the coast of California in an area which covered and extended the NOCAL region. Leg P was carried out on 21 July, Leg DI from 1 to 22 August, and Leg DII from 23 August to 5 September. Legs P, DI and DII sampled areas approximately 27 km square, 27 km by 36 km, and 32 km by 36 km, respectively. The sampled areas were roughly centered about 19 km off the coast from Pt. Arena. On each cruise track, transect extremes are identified by letter to aid in cross-referencing the data presented in subsequent figures. von each of these cruises, hydrographic stations were occupied at approximately 19 km along the track. For the AXBT flight, the along-track station spacing varied between about 28 km and about 46 km. DATA ACQUISITION Data acquired during Legs DI and DII include XBT and CTD profiles; whereas data acquired during Leg P are AXBT profiles. Bucket surface temperatures were taken at all CTD stations. A rosette sampler was used to acquire deep salinity samples. These salinity samples were used for calibration purposes as well as contributions to the data base. vv.***.- 2

14 - ~ ~ ~ - ~ - -- ~ - ~ - ~ Y The XBT and AXBT data were digitized using a Sippican MK9 unit, recorded on data disks using a HP2 series computer, and transferred ashore to the IBM 333 mainframe computer at the Naval Postgraduate School for editing and processing. Station positions were determined by Loran C fixes and are claimed to be accurate to within about.1 km. A NAVOCEANO Neil Brown CTD was used on the cruises. Table 1 on page 6 summarizes the various sensors used on the USNS DE STEIGUER and their accuracy. The salinity samples were determined by a Guildline Model 84 "Autosal" salinometer with an accuracy of +.O3ppt at the Naval Postgraduate School. During Leg P, shallow (35 m) and deep (75 m) AXBT's were deployed. The aircraft maintained an altitude of approximately 4 ft and an airspeed of approximately 19 knots. Station positions are accurate to within 1 km, temperature values to within.2 C and depth values to within 2% or 5 m (whichever is larger). DATA PROCESSING The data processing, such as estimating depth profiles for the XBT and AXBT temperature profiles based on descent speed, and conversion of CTD conductivity to salinity using the algorithm given in Lewis and Perkin (1981), was carried out on the IBM 333. The data were then edited by removing obvious salinity spikes and eliminating cast failures that were not identified during the cruise. Approximately 99%, 1%, and 1% of casts were retained in the data sets of Legs P, DI, and DII, respectively. From a comparison of the CTD salinities with the salinity samples from the bottles, it was determined that the CTD salinities had an offset of -.2 ppt. The salinities were adjusted accordingly. The CTD data were interpolated to 5 m intervals and then up and down casts were averaged.

15 a r -r.. '. W7W', T -. L. J.-. w '% ~ ' uw -., -L.-, , The data have been transferred on digital tape to the National Oceanographic Data Center in Washington, DC. 4DATA PRESENTATION The cruise track, station locations (with XBT's, CTD's and AXBT's identified) and station numbers are shown in the first three figures of each of the next three sections, which present the data from Legs P, DI and DII, respectively. These figures are followed by a listing of the stations, with their coordinates, the date and time at which the station was occupied, and the surface information obtained at the station. Vertical profiles of temperature from the XBT casts are shown in staggered fashion. The location of these profiles may be found by reference to the various maps of the cruise tracks. Transect extremes are identified as nearly as possible. The first profile on each plot is shown with its temperature unchanged; to each subsequent profile an appropriate multiple of 5C has been added. Vertical profiles from the CTD's follow (except Leg P). Profiles of temperature are staggered by 5C and those of salinity by 4 ppt. Isotherms for each transect are shown in the next pages, followed (except Leg P) by isopleths of temperature, salinity and sigma-t, from the CTD's, when four or more casts were acquired along a transect. Based on instrument accuracy and the vertical temperature gradient, it is estimated that depths of isotherms in the main thermocline are uncertain to +2m. The tick marks identify station positions and, again, the transect extremes are shown on these plots. Each section includes mean profiles of temperature from the XBT's. In addition, for Sections 1 and 3, mean profiles of temperature, salinity and sigma-t from the CTD's are given, as well as a scatter diagram of the T-S pairs

16 -, ~ T'VW~'YW~UVSVVW. ~~V ~ -r ~'r ~.~ *.- -- ;J : - 5 and the mean S(T) curve, with the + standard deviation envelope; the data presentation concludes with a plot of the mean N 2 (Brunt-Vaisala frequency squared) profile, with + the standard deviation. On the sigma-t and N 2 plots, the appropriate profiles derived from the mean temperature and mean salinity * -" profiles are also shown..., ~~~~ ~&. t.. f ±. S

17 6 Table 1: Scientific instruments aboard the USNS DE STEIGUER Instrument Variable Sensor Accuracy Resolution Neil Brown pressure strain gage 1.6 db.25 db CTD temperature thermistor.5 C.5 C Mark IIIb conductivity electrode cell.5 mmho.1 rmho Sippican BT temperature depth thermistor descent speed.2 C greater of 4.6 m and 2% of depth -- F

18 7 Section 1 OPTOMA17 Leg P

19 8 41N *. Eureka *.. Cape Mendocino P. PreSu 35N *.. 2 W...24W.. 126W W 2.W Figue ligt 2:The trck fr OTOMA7, LgaP. Pt..Sur

20 9 41N *. Eureka *.. Cape Mendocino xx xx x :x x x xx x x x x.x x :x x x x x 37N Pt Sur AXT X x Monrrre 35N 128W 126W 124W 122W 12W Bay Figure 3: AXBT locations for OPTOMA17, Leg P.

21 1 41N *. Eureka *. Cape Mendocino ~ A Pt. Arena S : IS 's j 8) * 83: San Francisco 63 i : :41:7* N Monterey Pt. Sur Morro Bay 35N. 128W 126W 124W 122W 12W * Figure 4: Station numbers for OPTOMA17, Leg P.

22 11 Table 2: Leg P Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) 1 AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT 8522 AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT 8522 AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT * ", L.,., " " ' '.. ",. " - "..

23 12 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) 46 AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT AXBT i......

24 13 -E-4 - CF) 4 oc - 4 X 44 )r C4 ( r" IV -N... L. '.4-4

25 14 LL. -re V c (W) 1de) ~~

26 15 <~ oc "-4 N C C. C% 4) *5 C - D L)Lld (

27 16 N V ci)o C14 co Ln (L) jdp

28 Lo a)y a 'p )- C14 LO D r- a (L) a(

29 18 8 A S Distance (kin) ~ too 2 Distance (kmn) Figure 6(a)-(b): Along-track isotherms. Tick marks along the upper horizontal axis show station positions. F Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (OPTOMA17, Leg P) ~...-.

30 r Distance (kin) Figure 6(c) E D Distance (kin) Figure 6(d)

31 ~ _6- t 2 Distance (kin) Figure 6(e) F 4 44 G E Distance (kin) Figure 6(f)

32 21 GH C Figure 6(g) I H % Distance (kin) Figure 6(h)

33 '1p 1.r2 ' Distance (kin) 1 Figure 6(i) J K E 1 :E s 1 I5 Distance (kin) Figure 6(j)

34 KXA r W W ~ ST W1 n7rfi ~l.-.. ~ * W ~ ' * ~V % S -.7 % S so 1 15 Distance (kin) -y Figure 6(k) M L ~2 a Distance (kin) Figure 6(1)

35 24 Temperature (deg C) // e si / " I // : '.,I j I / I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -- I I,-"G) I I Figur 7: Mentmeaueprflwt n I * * -I I I I 2 I! I I I I I! I I,II I 9 I II ".3 Si I.:.Figure 7: Mean temperature profile, with + and ~- the standard deviation. (OPTOMAI7, Leg P). * * I - ::~~~~~.:-.--.:-.'"..-." ": :-.... : '-. :,i -) _::;;)

36 25 I 9 Section 2 OPTOMA17 Leg DI '-2 4 '*,j **.4pWoW ~ ~ -', - a.: 4 H

37 -: 26 49N - *.....Seattle 47 N Portland. I N Ca e B nc Cope Mendocinoa 39N ;...;... Pt. A rena *V: X Z 37NI 132W 13W 128W 126W 124W 122W 12W r Figure 8: The cruise track for OPTOMA17, Leg DI.

38 27 49N * x * X 39N...x... x.... t. A r n Xx P qx XTk x xa Portlrandc 45N.. W W... W W... Figue XBTandCTD 9 ocaion foroptma17 Le Dl ~:x

39 28 49N Seattle 47 N :19 Portland : :2 45 N Z * :232 :24 :2 : : : : : :3 : :, : : : N i... :...;2.t22 :23 43., ~~45N... ;...;...;... i... :29 : : : : : :, N... 3 ; :39 Cape Blanco Cape Meandcin W 21 1&W 116W f~ f 167j a5n g M 4... i c ,...,."....." " ancic 37N acsc 132W 13W 128W 126W 124W 122W 12W Figure 1: Station numbers for OPTOMA17, Leg DI.

40 29 Table 3: Leg DI Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT

41 3 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 46 CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT

42 31 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 91 CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD * XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

43 32 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 136 XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD * 149 XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT , j......

44 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET (NORTH) BOTTLE (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 181 XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT CTD P XBT XBT * 26 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT * XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT %.m -. *.. 4 *..* - *.... *

45 m * i... *.. \.,...., - L i.. -.'; "..,...,,, -. _ STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 226 XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT I XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT * Data not available.-." "..".-. i i " -". ". " ", " " '." "" " " - " '' v,'. '..,,., -,...- -".. ".., -,

46 V *11,- 4 o E - U)-4 a) -' o ".- 5 ca o o, (w) q.dea....,,,.:..' -.,:.:...-.'.,",.,.. -,,,-',..- -,."...:...:.:....;.::....,.,, -,,,.L_.

47 36 C~4 (.4-C4 a) (E jd~ Icd

48 Cn a))ljd~

49 38 fn ms Coo ( -ta

50 39 2.o a,4 o Uco - 1 tl) (Lu) t~ld9e3

51 4 2 Q) ( ca C)J ' o~lu

52 41 E (Lu) ildeo

53 42 Doo ) ' (Lu) j~da.

54 43 c c at cp co Q)u -rco (wu) qldaeg

55 44 C4 o E C in Lto G'n PO Ite'to r- (.u d....

56 45 QOO CN NN CI (wa) y~ldeq

57 o - U)) C - (C4 d con a) to C t Co1 1/i4 C~C4 o > C - C14 W) I in to r- (wu) qjldae

58 47 Staggered Temperature (deg C) ~C4 L 14 6 * Staggered Salinity (ppt) CL c) C A B C D G H Figure 12(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (OPTOMA17, Leg DI). ' ,.... '. '. ' " " ', -..', - - '.i ' - ".,. " ', " ", Y',". - =,.. "a "., ,..., *......

59 48 Staggered Temperature (deg C) ~ Staggered Salinity (ppt) P C J M * Figure 12(b)

60 r 7*- 7-7F '- 49 % Staggered Temperature (deg C) Staggered Salinity (ppt) C M N P R Figure 12(c) K_

61 5 Staggered Temperature (deg C) c ~ Staggered Sainity (ppt) ~ rv w Figure 12(d)

62 W" -, VW.. 51 N - X / - I - N w O oc E u CIA c~cn Z &j C141 41W

63 -~ - ~ ~ rjc..' * - ~ 'c.- - r. v- - '- ~: - 2 ~ ~ ~* ~ S C,' In -x N - p ( w c*4c o Q7 o -c ( 4 I 'I / I I K 1~~. * L. - N '4 (w) q4d~q U U.*-X* ~ -*-

64 53 OD o - co N47.

65 54 115l * 1 8 ~ Distance (kin) Figure 13(d) KL S Distance (kin) Figure 13(e)

66 S Distance (kin) - Figure 13(f) O Z 2 Q. E Distance (kmn) Figure 1 3 (g)

67 S Distance (kin) Figure 13(h) ST S Distance (kin) * Figure 13(i)

68 o 4 >1 4 w ( ~d

69 V W Distance (kin) x Figure 13(k) w ) Distance (kin) ~!i. Figure 13(1)

70 S _ I 5 1 * Distance (kin) z Figure 13(m) Y Distance (kmn) Figure 13(n)

71 6 z * a Distance (kin) Figure 13(o) -pv

72 Distance (kin) T C p Distance (kin) Figure 1 4 (a): Esopleths of (1) temperature and salinity and (2) sigma-t from the CTD's (OPTOMA17, Leg DI).

73 vi C Distance (kin) ) Distance (kin) Figure 14(b)

74 :4 16 *~ Distance (kin) Figure 1 4 (c)

75 64 T P L I C Distance (kin) * IE C Figure 14(d)

76 ~32.( a Distance (kin) :E Distance (kin) Figure 14(e)

77 ' 16 _ l 2 3 Distance (kin) , Distance (kin) Figure 14(f)

78 67 R NJ Distance (kin) ~ * 3 j Distance (kin) 26.8 Figure 14(g)

79 68 N r to - 4 wee I-In (wu) q~doei

80 69 EN - ( 4) in o (wu) 41dae3

81 7 o '%A '% k. 4 I I-t i *c ). co L o. co -4 Co E-4- C6. > wjw co In~ C.H Z **~~~ CO P,~ to.4 (D Vap ~ aijva4u,

82 71 1'A x N 2 (sec- 2 ) I , / Fi ur 18 e nn'ro i ewti an hesadrddvaio h proil frm z an SF- isas shw (OTOA1,Le D)

83 73 Section 3 OPTOMA17 Leg D11 P- EVOU PAG

84 74 41 N C-. ON K GB Eureka Cape Mendocino 39N Pt. A rena * Monterey *..Morro *... Bay 35N 13W 128W 126W 124W 122W 12W Figure 19: The cruise track for OPTOMA17, Leg DII.

85 t"" " " " t" ' " U &" i"& > '- " ". ".:."-".--. " :". ".-"". " -.".."- '". ". --. " "-".-." "'. -'" 75.4, 41N x o xc 9 xa 3x a x x ;x... x ;x. - ;... Eureka : Cape Mendocino O a :C1 x x x. x x x x x x x x x X: x x x X x x X x :x x :x x xx x x x x x x x x x x X " X X x x x x X X x X x x x x x x x )C x x 39N x... m -... X-,. - Pt. Arena :R x x x :x x x :x :x x :x x x x x 'x x xx : x x x x x x. x x x x x x x. x x x x: x x X x x - x x. x x a ) a : xx S X X - - San *. x x xac, x'.x xx. xq( x: ' Francisco x :x x x :x X x x x x x x x x x. x x x x xx x 37 N t... $ *-Monterey * : Pt. Sur j ~ ~~~~ N XBT : x Morro CTD : Bay 13W 128W 126W 124W 122W 12W Figure 2: XBT and CTD locations for OPTOMA17, Leg DII.

86 76 41N Eureka Cape Mendocino 166 ieo: : 94 88: : ; : : : N : go :... j i...a Pt. Arena : :11 : :65 8 : 66 4j 4 '42 a. ia : ; 13 79: : I5S) P f I1s ios : : A4.&:111l Z 3. San I8i,1~685~1~ 4 ;:i3m5 : Francisco : :2281 lo g27 19: i11 22j'6 3N: : 21T N ~ j3l Mont'e rey Pt. Sur Morro Bay 35N. 13W 128W 126W 124W 122W 12W Figure 21: Station numbers for OPTOMA17, Leg DII. ~...A.-1-

87 77 Table 4: Leg DII Station Listing STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY (DD.MM)(DDD.MM)(DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 1 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT * 22 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD * 37 XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT

88 '." STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 46 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD * K 89 XBT CTD z

89 79 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) I.' 91 XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD * 131 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT V 2.i--"..'?:.:'i',.-,% i -.+ < ;.;2-.:-.-,.." U - '..*/'..'.'. -- *. * ". " -..' " ' '.;2, --- ' :"'".-:i.i i

90 8 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 136 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT CTD XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD XBT CTD * 163 XBT CTD XBT CTD * 167 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT CTD * 179 XBT CTD * r1

91 :-,"v -, ' ''. # > " ',' '- -U , STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MK DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 181 XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT XBT " 224 XBT XBT ,-!:

92 82 STN TYPE YR/DAY GMT LAT LONG SURFACE DEEP BUCKET BOTTLE (NORTH) (WEST) TEMP SALINITY TEMP SALINITY DD.MM DDD.MM (DEG C) (PPT) (DEG C) (PPT) 226 XBT XBT XBT * Data not available It * L o. 'A

93 83 oc l ~ w 3).4-4 cv) x.~x L.z ) 3 (- C)) 1 )J f1) ttoc L)L4e(

94 84 i 1) ci)q I-I ci)o.. (Lu e(

95 85 c ( ), C E C-4 -JL (wu) qtdeg3

96 86 C ) 4 t4 dio

97 87 aa) a) QLo a) ) Ln D a) (I) 4 O _ 4( U) to co (L.u) q.da]

98 88 D_ ) cdoo ) ) o e o (wu) qjdae].. *.. -..

99 RfID-162 6?D HDROGRAPHIC DATA FROM THE OPTOMA PROGRAM OPTOMA17-2/2 OPTOMA17 P 21 JULY 19 (U) NAVAL P5TGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA P A NITTMANN ET AL OCT 85 NPS M UNCLASSIFTED F/G 8/3 N Slllflflflfl..,EOMEEEEhhE

100 '3.., 2 L IIIIl. _ J1.4 LII6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS- 963-A II tu... [ - 4

101 89 1C14 U-) ci o Le) (wu) qildeg -a. -

102 91 -, N ct)o G)z L..N G)~ N nl t,- L)Lle 4

103 92 CI Y I-.V n 'IIn Eaj

104 -j,~~-,.~a WVrS co' -O.4 ~ o )

105 '4 'I)) ) O V In ) (Lu t-le Ij a

106 95 CD V L.4 cpon V E c CNa

107 3! TOTW i- V W ~ -- I I.- 96 Staggered Temperature (deg C) C Staggered Salinity (ppt) o " E F G H I Figure 23(a): CTD temperature profiles, staggered by multiples of 5C, and salinity profiles staggered by multiples of 4 ppt (OPTOMA17, Leg DII). 1A,,,....*

108 97 Staggered Temperature (deg C) ā,, S Staggered Salinity (ppt) K FuJ L M N i~i Figure 23(b)

109 98 Staggered Temperature (deg C) *.. 14 o Staggered Salinity (ppt) E 14 o PQR Figure 23(c)

110 99 Staggered Temperature (deg C) E14 '~ Staggered Salinity (ppt) E14 q) o T Figure 23(d)

111 1 Staggered Temperature (deg C) ~ Staggered Safinity (ppt) C A. ~~~ ~E F G H I Figure 24(a): Casts: Surface to 8m (OPTOMA17, Leg DII).

112 11 Staggered Temperature (deg C) ~ Staggered Salinity (ppf) C J K L M N Figure 24(b)

113 -A, ~ -M P T-, IV IV OR 1. ' S ~ ' 9 '~~~ V7,r' 12 Staggered Temperature (deg C) r Staggered Salinity (ppt) r R S, Figure 24(c)

114 13 Staggered Temperature (deg C) q.) Staggered Salinity (ppt) % Figure 24(d),o 7<- - l o-i L- - -

115 14 A B S2 CO Distance (kin) -*D C 1 1.O... 1 :E 2 % Distance (kin) Figure 25(a)-(b): Along-track isotherms. Tick mark along the upper horizontal axis show station positions. Some station numbers are given. Dashed lines are used if the cast was too shallow (OPTOMA17, Leg DII).

116 Distance (kin) 1 Figure 25(c) H G :E Distance (kin) Figure 25(d)

117 '% V67 %I %' -F.--. ~ r. --. wr--r r r * C Distance (kin) L Figure 25(e) K ~ Distance (kin) Figure 25(f)

118 17 M N S Distance (kin) S Figure 25(g) P S Distance (kin) Figure 25(h)