World Tariff Profiles 2010 UNITED NATIONS

Transcription

1 World Tariff Profiles 2010 UNITED NATIONS

2 WTO MEMBERS (As of 01 May 2010) Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia European Union Fiji Finland Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Latvia Lesotho Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe

3 World Tariff Profiles 2010 UNITED NATIONS

4 WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The WTO s main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. It does this by administering trade agreements, acting as a forum for trade negotiations, settling trade disputes, reviewing national trade policies, assisting developing countries in trade policy issues through technical assistance and training programmes and cooperating with other international organizations. UNCTAD Established in 1964, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) promotes the development-friendly integration of developing countries into the world economy. UNCTAD has progressively evolved into an authoritative knowledge-based institution whose work aims to help shape current policy debates and thinking on development, with a particular focus on ensuring that domestic policies and international action are mutually supportive in bringing about sustainable development. Three key functions of UNCTAD are: (1) to function as a forum for intergovernmental deliberations, supported by discussions with experts and exchanges of experience, aimed at consensus building; (2) to undertake research, policy analysis and data collection for the debates of government representatives and experts; and (3) to provide technical assistance tailored to the specific requirements of developing countries, with special attention to the needs of the least developed countries and of economies in transition. ITC The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC enables small business export success in developing countries by providing, with partners, sustainable and inclusive trade development solutions to the private sector, trade support institutions and policymakers. ITC s strategic objectives are to strengthen the international competitiveness of enterprises, to develop the capacity of trade service providers to support businesses, and to support policymakers in integrating the business sector into the global economy. World Trade Organization and International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the World Trade Organization and the International Trade Centre. WTO publications can be obtained through major booksellers or: Direct from WTO Publications World Trade Organization 154, rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva 21 Tel: (41 22) Fax: (41 22) publications@wto.org Online WTO bookshop Printed in Switzerland, 2010 ISBN: Also available in French and Spanish: French title ISBN Spanish title ISBN

5 Foreword The World Tariff Profi les is a joint publication of the WTO, ITC and UNCTAD devoted to market access for goods. This statistical yearbook contains a comprehensive compilation of the main tariff parameters for each of the 153 WTO Members and other countries and customs territories. Each country profile presents information on tariffs imposed by each economy on its imports complemented with an analysis of the market access conditions it faces in its major export markets. Statistics for all countries are given in standardized tables which make easier comparisons between countries, between sectors and, specifically for WTO Members, between bound and applied tariffs as well. The calculations are based on national tariff schedules and imports in conformity with a standard Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature version. To the extent possible, ad valorem equivalents (AVEs) of non-ad valorem tariffs are estimated and are included in the estimation of tariff indicators. Nonetheless, certain caveats apply in the interpretation of these indicators and the reader is advised to read the methodological notes that precede the statistical tables. The publication is presented in three main parts. The first part shows summary statistics for all countries and territories for all products, as well as a break-down into agricultural and non-agricultural products. The second part shows for each of these countries and territories, one full page with disaggregation by sectors and duty ranges. It also contains a section on the market access conditions faced in their respective major export markets. The third part contains a summary table on concessions on Other Duties and Charges (ODCs). The summary tables in the first part are designed to allow a cross-country comparison as well as a comparison of the levels of bound and applied duties. Apart from the standard indicators like tariff averages, maxima, percentage of duty-free tariff lines, peaks and non-ad valorem duties, it also contains indicators of tariff dispersion such as the number of distinct duties and the coefficient of variation. The calculation of these indicators is based, where applicable, on a pre-aggregation to HS six-digit subheadings, which leads to a standardization across countries and thus makes the comparisons more compatible. The country pages are divided into two blocks covering (A) the domestic market access protection and (B) the protection faced in the major export markets. In part A, information on bound and applied duties is shown by duty ranges and by sectors. Information for agricultural and non-agricultural duties is shown separately. In addition, there are indicators on the occurrence of special safeguards and on tariff quotas. In part B, the trade diversification and market access conditions in the five major export markets are depicted, broken down into agricultural and non-agricultural products. The technical annex is a table containing the summary statistics on concessions on ODCs for WTO Members. The data sources and a glossary, which briefly explains some of the most commonly used tariff and trade-related terms, conclude the publication. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 iii

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7 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are due, first of all, to all the data providers, mostly national administrations or WTO delegations who have made all this information available. In a number of cases, data has been made available on national websites or through regional organizations. Given the vast amount of statistical data and metadata that needed to be processed, and because this information is not available in one single organization, this publication was only possible as a joint effort of the WTO, ITC, and UNCTAD. Each of the three organizations has a proven track record in tariff analysis and comparative strengths in the field of tariff analysis. The WTO, as the repository of its Members binding commitments on goods and also as repository for Members notifications on their MFN applied tariffs, is of course at the core of this undertaking. The ITC complemented the missing up-to-date data on applied tariffs, preferential duties and contributed all the AVE estimates. UNCTAD collaborated with ITC in providing missing tariff data for some countries. The preparation of this publication was coordinated by Jürgen Richtering (WTO) in close collaboration with Mondher Mimouni (ITC) under the overall supervision of Hubert Escaith, WTO s Chief Statistician. Adelina Mendoza (WTO) was responsible for doing all the calculations and preparing the tables in their final layout. Xavier Pichot (ITC) and Clément Delorme (ITC) were in charge of providing additional input data and of calculating all the ad valorem equivalents. Thanks are also due to the WTO Information and External Relations Division and the WTO Languages Documentation and Information Management Division for rendering the publication in WTO s other official languages and preparing it for final printing and reproduction. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 v

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9 Table of contents Part 1 tables Technical notes... 1 All products Part 2 Country pages Technical notes Country pages Part 3 Technical annexes A. Schedule of Concessions: Other Duties and Charges B. Data sources C. Glossary of tariff and trade-related terms vii WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010

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11 Index of country page tables Afghanistan 27 Albania 28 Algeria 29 Angola 30 Antigua and Barbuda 31 Argentina 32 Armenia 33 Australia 34 Azerbaijan 35 Bahamas 36 Bahrain 37 Bangladesh 38 Barbados 39 Belarus 40 Belize 41 Benin 42 Bermuda 43 Bolivarian Rep. of 44 Venezuela Bolivia 45 Bosnia and Herzegovina 46 Botswana 47 Brazil 48 Brunei Darussalam 49 Burkina Faso 50 Burundi 51 Cambodia 52 Cameroon 53 Canada 54 Cape Verde 55 Central African Republic 56 Chad 57 Chile 58 China 59 Colombia 60 Comoros 61 Congo 62 Costa Rica 63 Côte d Ivoire 64 Croatia 65 Cuba 66 Democratic Republic 67 of the Congo Djibouti 68 Dominica 69 Dominican Republic 70 Ecuador 71 Egypt 72 El Salvador 73 Ethiopia 74 European Union 1 75 Fiji 76 FYR of Macedonia 77 Gabon 78 Gambia 79 Georgia 80 Ghana 81 Grenada 82 Guatemala 83 Guinea 84 Guinea-Bissau 85 Guyana 86 Haiti 87 Honduras 88 Hong Kong, China 89 Iceland 90 India 91 Indonesia 92 Iran, Islamic Republic of 93 Israel 94 Jamaica 95 Japan 96 Jordan 97 Kazakhstan 98 Kenya 99 Korea, Republic of 100 Kuwait 101 Kyrgyz Republic 102 Lao People s Dem. Republic 103 Lesotho 104 Macao, China 105 Madagascar 106 Malawi 107 Malaysia 108 Maldives 109 Mali 110 Mauritania 111 Mauritius 112 Mexico 113 Moldova 114 Mongolia 115 Montenegro 116 Morocco 117 Mozambique 118 Myanmar 119 Namibia 120 Nepal 121 New Zealand The information provided by the European Union covers its 27 members states. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 ix

12 Index of country page tables Nicaragua 123 Niger 124 Nigeria 125 Norway 126 Oman 127 Pakistan 128 Palau 129 Panama 130 Papua New Guinea 131 Paraguay 132 Peru 133 Philippines 134 Qatar 135 Russian Federation 136 Rwanda 137 Saint Kitts and Nevis 138 Saint Lucia 139 Saint Vincent and the 140 Grenadines Saudi Arabia 141 Senegal 142 Serbia 143 Sierra Leone 144 Singapore 145 Solomon Islands 146 South Africa 147 Sri Lanka 148 Sudan 149 Suriname 150 Swaziland 151 Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic 153 Chinese Taipei 154 Tajikistan 155 Tanzania 156 Thailand 157 Togo 158 Tonga 159 Trinidad and Tobago 160 Tunisia 161 Turkey 162 Uganda 163 Ukraine 164 United Arab Emirates 165 United States 166 Uruguay 167 Uzbekistan 168 Vanuatu 169 Viet Nam 170 Yemen 171 Zambia 172 Zimbabwe The information provided by Switzerland covers Liechtenstein. x WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010

13 Abbreviations and Notations used Abbreviations used AVG Ag AVE HS Max MFN NAV Non-Ag SSG TL UV Average Ad valorem equivalent Harmonized System (nomenclature) Maximum duty Most favoured nation Non-ad valorem duty Non agricultural products Special safeguards Tariff line Unit value Notations used - Not applicable 0 = 0 (not rounded) 0.0 > 0 and < = 100 (not rounded) > and < 100 Blank Italics US$ Bound or applied duties and/or imports are not available at all for a given country or territory. Maxima, based on AVE estimates are printed in italics; this also applies in cases when the ad valorem is part of a compound or mixed duty as ceiling or floor. United States dollar WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 xi

14 General Note The statistics related to applied tariffs and imports are calculated using data which are based on the HS nomenclature adopted by the country for the reference year. For statistics on bound tariffs, the calculations are based on the approved schedule of concessions of the WTO Member. In previous WTP issues, each schedule is based on the HS version which the Member used when it acceded to the WTO. For the 2010 issue of this publication, bound tariff statistics are based on the approved schedule of concessions for each Member in the most recent HS version, which for most Members is HS This might have some implications on the historical series of various bound tariff indicators affected by the use of a different nomenclature. While the Member s commitments, in principle, have not changed as a result of the transposition to HS 2002, some aggregate statistics might have been affected as a consequence of the change to another HS version. The classification of products into agricultural and non-agricultural is based on Annex 1 of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture which lists all products covered in the Agreement. The Annex enumerates HS codes that are subject to the agriculture negotiations in the WTO and are considered agricultural products. HS codes which are not in Annex 1 are subject to the non-agricultural market access negotiations and are considered nonagricultural products. In the comparison of bound and applied duties within countries and across countries, the following caveats need to be taken into account besides that of the effects of different HS versions used and nomenclature breakdowns. These are: (1) binding coverage; (2) tariff bindings not fully implemented; and (3) AVEs. While binding commitments cover all agricultural products, in principle, this is not always the case for nonagricultural goods. There are a number of WTO Members where the binding coverage for non-agricultural products is less and sometimes much less than 100 per cent. Also a number of developed countries have not yet fully bound all the tariff lines in their schedules. Any comparison of bound and applied tariff indicators is only valid in cases of full binding coverage. For most WTO Members, except the most recently acceded ones, all commitments dating back to the Uruguay Round have by now been implemented. In cases where commitments are not yet fully implemented, one may see MFN applied averages or maxima exceeding the corresponding bound duty indicators. Last but not least, the calculation of AVEs may affect the comparison between bound and applied duties when the changes in nomenclature have resulted in the use of different unit values. In other cases, bound duties have been expressed in a way that is not directly comparable with the currently used applied duties. In a number of cases, the estimated MFN applied AVEs were adjusted when the corresponding bound tariff lines were defined in ad valorem terms. In these cases, the corresponding bound ad valorem duty was used as ceiling for the AVE estimate. xii WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010

15 tables TECHNICAL NOTES Only duties and imports recorded under HS Chapters are taken into account. Each applied tariff schedule is validated against the standard nomenclature at the HS six-digit subheading level of the HS version adopted by the country for the reference year. National tariff lines that do not follow this standard (i.e., the first six digits should be based on the standard subheading nomenclature of the HS version used by the country) are discarded and not taken into account. On the other hand, missing subheadings are added. Hence, all calculations are based on the complete standard nomenclature. All simple averages are based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit averages. Pre-aggregation means that duties at the tariff line level are first averaged to HS six-digit subheadings. Subsequent calculations are based on these pre-aggregated averages. To the extent possible, non-ad valorem duties are converted into ad valorem equivalents. The methodology used for the conversion is in Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles Description of column headings Column headings Year of MFN applied tariff Binding coverage Simple average Duty-free Non-ad valorem duties Description or method of calculation Calendar year or start of fiscal year Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least one bound tariff line. Full binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further decimals. If some tariff lines are unbound but the result still rounds to 100 this is reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e Simple average of the ad valorem or AVE HS six-digit duty averages. Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings in the total number of subheadings in the product group. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken into account on a pro rata basis. Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-ad valorem duties. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is subject to non-ad valorem duties the percentage share of these tariff lines is used. Duties > 15 % Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem duties or AVEs greater than 15 per cent. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis. Duties > 3 * AVG Concessions not yet implemented in 2009 Maximum duty Number of distinct duty rates Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem duties or AVEs greater than three times the national average. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis. Share of HS six-digit bound subheadings not yet implemented in When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties the calculation is made on a pro rata basis. Maximum tariff line level ad valorem duty or AVE. duties not provided are not included in the count. Coefficient of variation Number of MFN applied tariff lines Standard deviation of tariff line duty rates divided by the simple tariff line level average of all duty rates. Includes only ad valorem duties or AVEs. Total number of MFN applied tariff lines SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

16 All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belize Benin Bermuda Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia European Union Fiji Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia Georgia Ghana Grenada WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 SUMMARY TABLES

17 All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation not yet rates Number of MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2009 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent ,207 Afghanistan ,576 Albania ,903 Algeria ,200 Angola ,658 Antigua and Barbuda ,783 Argentina ,869 Armenia ,002 Australia ,128 Azerbaijan ,896 Bahamas ,100 Bahrain ,433 Bangladesh Barbados ,031 Belarus ,289 Belize ,547 Benin ,159 Bermuda ,940 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ,546 Bolivia ,453 Bosnia and Herzegovina ,701 Botswana ,781 Brazil > ,688 Brunei Darussalam ,547 Burkina Faso ,555 Burundi ,688 Cambodia ,124 Cameroon ,308 Canada ,583 Cape Verde ,491 Central African Republic ,474 Chad ,713 Chile ,877 China ,253 Colombia ,378 Comoros Congo ,638 Costa Rica ,547 Côte d'ivoire ,555 Croatia ,418 Cuba ,793 Democratic Republic of the Congo ,579 Djibouti Dominica ,751 Dominican Republic ,234 Ecuador > 1000 > ,488 Egypt ,591 El Salvador ,468 Ethiopia ,321 European Union > 1000 > ,783 Fiji ,806 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ,592 Gabon ,067 Gambia ,896 Georgia ,864 Ghana ,307 Grenada SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

18 All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of Israel Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Qatar Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 SUMMARY TABLES

19 All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation not yet rates Number of MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2009 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent ,563 Guatemala ,762 Guinea ,547 Guinea Bissau ,300 Guyana ,249 Haiti ,565 Honduras ,989 Hong Kong, China ,989 Iceland ,360 India ,737 Indonesia ,649 Iran, Islamic Republic of ,543 Israel ,847 Jamaica ,068 Japan ,382 Jordan ,851 Kazakhstan ,259 Kenya ,919 Korea, Republic of ,100 Kuwait ,953 Kyrgyz Republic ,689 Lao People's Democratic Republic ,701 Lesotho ,344 Macao, China ,338 Madagascar ,435 Malawi > 1000 > ,441 Malaysia ,081 Maldives ,547 Mali Mauritania ,293 Mauritius ,101 Mexico ,808 Moldova ,062 Mongolia ,705 Montenegro ,734 Morocco ,376 Mozambique ,688 Myanmar ,701 Namibia ,163 Nepal ,287 New Zealand ,564 Nicaragua ,543 Niger ,670 Nigeria > 1000 > ,042 Norway ,110 Oman ,802 Pakistan 1.0 > ,357 Palau ,942 Panama ,455 Papua New Guinea ,727 Paraguay ,968 Peru ,901 Philippines ,113 Qatar 0.9 > ,176 Russian Federation ,903 Rwanda ,335 Saint Kitts and Nevis SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

20 All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 SUMMARY TABLES

21 All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation not yet rates Number of MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2009 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ,100 Saudi Arabia ,543 Senegal ,090 Serbia Sierra Leone > ,874 8,299 Singapore ,252 Solomon Islands ,701 South Africa ,508 Sri Lanka ,294 Sudan Suriname ,701 Swaziland > 1000 > ,082 Switzerland ,952 Syrian Arab Republic ,729 Chinese Taipei ,176 Tajikistan ,259 Tanzania > ,147 Thailand ,547 Togo ,285 Tonga ,289 Trinidad and Tobago ,491 Tunisia ,566 Turkey ,259 Uganda ,056 Ukraine ,100 United Arab Emirates ,160 United States ,030 Uruguay ,985 Uzbekistan 1.2 > ,269 Vanuatu ,161 Viet Nam ,019 Yemen ,999 Zambia > ,898 Zimbabwe SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

22 Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Country/Territory MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belize Benin Bermuda Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia European Union Fiji Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia Georgia Ghana Grenada WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 SUMMARY TABLES

23 Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2009 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent Afghanistan ,994 Albania Algeria Angola ,091 Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia ,080 Azerbaijan Bahamas ,122 Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados ,343 Belarus ,023 Belize Benin Bermuda Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ,036 Bolivia ,084 Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil > ,011 1,216 Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi ,216 Cambodia Cameroon ,370 Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad ,048 Chile ,093 China Colombia Comoros Congo ,599 Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire ,496 Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Dominica ,007 Dominican Republic Ecuador > 1000 > Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia ,724 European Union > 1000 > Fiji ,077 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia ,203 Georgia Ghana ,026 Grenada SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

24 Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN Country/Territory applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of Israel Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Qatar Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 SUMMARY TABLES

25 Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2009 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau ,026 Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China ,795 Iceland ,431 India ,162 Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of ,277 Israel ,221 Jamaica ,707 Japan Jordan ,365 Kazakhstan Kenya ,586 Korea, Republic of ,122 Kuwait ,467 Kyrgyz Republic ,216 Lao People's Democratic Republic Lesotho Macao, China Madagascar Malawi > 1000 > ,234 Malaysia ,188 Maldives Mali Mauritania Mauritius ,198 Mexico ,122 Moldova Mongolia ,041 Montenegro ,487 Morocco Mozambique ,216 Myanmar Namibia Nepal ,000 New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria > 1000 > ,351 Norway ,122 Oman Pakistan 3.8 > Palau ,404 Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru ,186 Philippines ,122 Qatar ,490 Russian Federation Rwanda ,025 Saint Kitts and Nevis SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

26 Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN Country/Territory applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Chinese Taipei Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 SUMMARY TABLES

27 Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2009 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ,122 Saudi Arabia Senegal ,071 Serbia Sierra Leone > ,437 1,145 Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland > 1000 > ,994 Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic ,417 Chinese Taipei ,490 Tajikistan Tanzania > ,296 Thailand Togo Tonga ,027 Trinidad and Tobago ,345 Tunisia ,249 Turkey Uganda ,208 Ukraine ,122 United Arab Emirates ,790 United States ,395 Uruguay ,335 Uzbekistan 2.9 > Vanuatu ,167 Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

28 Tables Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belize Benin Bermuda Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia European Union Fiji Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia Georgia Ghana Grenada WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2010 SUMMARY TABLES