World Tariff Profiles 2009 UNITED NATIONS

Transcription

1 World Tariff Profiles 2009 UNITED NATIONS

2 WTO MEMBERS (As of 23 July 2008) Albania Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain, Kingdom of Bangladesh Barbados Belgium Belize Benin Bolivia Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Congo Costa Rica Côte d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia European Communities Fiji Finland Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) France Gabon The Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Latvia Lesotho Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Romania Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States of America Uruguay Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe

3 World Tariff Profiles 2009 UNITED NATIONS

4 WTO The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The WTO s main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. It does this by administering trade agreements, acting as a forum for trade negotiations, settling trade disputes, reviewing national trade policies, assisting developing countries in trade policy issues through technical assistance and training programmes and cooperating with other international organizations. UNCTAD Established in 1964, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) promotes the development-friendly integration of developing countries into the world economy. UNCTAD has progressively evolved into an authoritative knowledge-based institution whose work aims to help shape current policy debates and thinking on development, with a particular focus on ensuring that domestic policies and international action are mutually supportive in bringing about sustainable development. Three key functions of UNCTAD are: (1) to function as a forum for intergovernmental deliberations, supported by discussions with experts and exchanges of experience, aimed at consensus building; (2) to undertake research, policy analysis and data collection for the debates of government representatives and experts; and (3) to provide technical assistance tailored to the specific requirements of developing countries, with special attention to the needs of the least developed countries and of economies in transition. ITC The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC enables small business export success in developing countries by providing, with partners, sustainable and inclusive trade development solutions to the private sector, trade support institutions and policymakers. ITC s strategic objectives are to strengthen the international competitiveness of enterprises, to develop the capacity of trade service providers to support businesses, and to support policymakers in integrating the business sector into the global economy. World Trade Organization and International Trade Centre UNCTAD/WTO All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the World Trade Organization and the International Trade Centre. WTO publications can be obtained through major booksellers or: Direct from WTO Publications World Trade Organization 154, rue de Lausanne CH-1211 Geneva 21 Tel: (41 22) Fax: (41 22) publications@wto.org Online WTO bookshop Printed by WTO Secretariat, Switzerland, 2009 ISBN: Also available in French and Spanish: French title ISBN Spanish title ISBN

5 Foreword The World Tariff Profi les 2009 is the latest edition issue of this inter-agency statistical publication devoted to market access. The reader will find in this comprehensive report the main tariff parameters for each of the 153 WTO Members and also a few other countries and customs territories. The description of the tariffs imposed by each economy on its imports is complemented with an analysis of the market access conditions it faces in its major export markets. The present publication provides a comprehensive picture of tariff and ad valorem equivalents in an abridged format. This joint publication of the WTO, UNCTAD and the ITC responds to the needs of a large audience of specialists and non-specialists alike. Tariff duties play a fundamental role in key areas of trade negotiations. Perhaps more than in any previous multilateral round of trade negotiations, tariff reduction modalities have been at the core of the Doha negotiations. The standardized presentation lends itself to easy analyses and comparisons between countries, between sectors and between bound and applied duties for WTO Members. This ease of use should not mask, however, that a number of caveats apply when information is highly aggregated and when estimates are used for calculating ad valorem equivalents (AVEs) of non-ad valorem duties. The reader is advised to read the methodological notes that precede the statistical tables. The standard Harmonized System (HS) nomenclature breakdown was chosen as yardstick for most calculations lest the very diverse breakdowns of national tariff line nomenclatures affect the comparability between bound and applied duties and across countries. The publication is presented in three main parts. The first part shows summary statistics for all countries and territories for all products, as well as a break-down into agricultural and non-agricultural products. The second part shows for each of these countries and territories, one full page with disaggregation by sectors and duty ranges. It also contains a section on the market access conditions faced in their respective major export markets. The third part contains a summary table on concessions on Other Duties and Charges (ODCs). The summary tables in the first part are designed to allow a cross-country comparison as well as a comparison of the levels of bound and applied duties. Apart from the standard indicators like tariff averages, maxima, percentage of duty-free tariff lines, peaks and non-ad valorem duties, it also contains indicators of tariff dispersion such as the number of distinct duties and the coefficient of variation. The calculation of these indicators is based, where applicable, on a pre-aggregation to HS six-digit subheadings, which leads to a standardization across countries and thus makes the comparisons more compatible. The country pages are divided into two blocks covering (A) the domestic market access protection and (B) the protection faced in the major export markets. In part A, information on bound and applied duties is shown by duty ranges and by sectors. Information for agricultural and non-agricultural duties is shown separately. In addition, there are indicators on the occurrence of special safeguards and on tariff quotas. In part B, the trade diversification and market access conditions in the five major export markets are depicted, broken down into agricultural and non-agricultural products. The third part contains the technical annex which for this issue is the reprint of the summary statistics on concessions on ODCs. The data sources and a glossary, which briefly explains some of the most commonly used tariff and trade-related terms, conclude the publication. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 iii

6 iv WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

7 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements are due, first of all, to all the data providers, mostly national administrations or WTO delegations who have made all this information available. In a number of cases, data has been made available on national websites or through regional organizations. Given the vast amount of statistical data and metadata that needed to be processed, and because this information is not available in one single organization, this publication was only possible as a joint effort of the WTO, UNCTAD and ITC. Each of the three organizations has a proven track record in tariff analysis and comparative strengths in the field of tariff analysis. This experience has been gained by investing considerable resources in tariff data compilation and dissemination. To build on this accumulated potential and to facilitate access to their respective databases, the three agencies set up in 2005 a joint Common Analytical Market Access Database (CAMAD). Without this initiative, and the synergies that were created through this cooperation, this publication would not have been possible. The WTO, as the repository of its Members binding commitments on goods and also as repository for Members notifications on their MFN applied tariffs, is of course at the core of this undertaking. The ITC contributed the major part of the most up-to-date data on applied tariffs, preferential duties and AVE estimates. UNCTAD collaborated with ITC in providing missing tariff data for some countries. Under the overall supervision of Hubert Escaith, WTO s Chief Statistician, the preparation of this publication was coordinated by Jürgen Richtering (WTO) in close collaboration with Mondher Mimouni (ITC). Adelina Mendoza (WTO) was responsible for doing all the calculations and preparing the tables in their final layout. Elodie Robin (ITC) was in charge of providing all the input data and of calculating all the ad valorem equivalents. At the ITC, Xavier Pichot, Carla Vaca, Carolin Averbeck, Olga Skorobogatova and Laurence Zandomenighi made contributions in various areas and at UNCTAD assistance was provided by Aki Kuwahara, Samuel Munyaneza and Fabien Dumesnil. Thanks are also due to the WTO Information and External Relations Division and WTO printing facilities for the production and the French and Spanish translators in the Languages Documentation and Information Management Division for rendering the publication in WTO s other official languages. WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 v

8 vi WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

9 Table of contents Part 1 tables Technical notes... 1 All products Part 2 Country pages Technical notes Country pages Part 3 Technical annexes A. Schedule of Concessions: Other Duties and Charges B. Data sources C. Glossary of tariff and trade-related terms vii WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

10 viii WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

11 Index of country page tables Afghanistan 27 Albania 28 Algeria 29 Angola 30 Antigua and Barbuda 31 Argentina 32 Armenia 33 Australia 34 Azerbaijan 35 Bahamas 36 Bahrain 37 Bangladesh 38 Barbados 39 Belarus 40 Belize 41 Benin 42 Bermuda 43 Bhutan 44 Bolivarian Rep. of 45 Venezuela Bolivia 46 Bosnia and Herzegovina 47 Botswana 48 Brazil 49 Brunei Darussalam 50 Burkina Faso 51 Burundi 52 Cambodia 53 Cameroon 54 Canada 55 Cape Verde 56 Central African Republic 57 Chad 58 Chile 59 China 60 Colombia 61 Comoros 62 Congo 63 Costa Rica 64 Côte d Ivoire 65 Croatia 66 Cuba 67 Democratic Republic 68 of the Congo Djibouti 69 Dominica 70 Dominican Republic 71 Ecuador 72 Egypt 73 El Salvador 74 Equatorial Guinea 75 Ethiopia 76 European Communities 1 77 Fiji 78 FYR of Macedonia 79 Gabon 80 Gambia 81 Georgia 82 Ghana 83 Grenada 84 Guatemala 85 Guinea 86 Guinea-Bissau 87 Guyana 88 Haiti 89 Honduras 90 Hong Kong, China 91 Iceland 92 India 93 Indonesia 94 Iran, Islamic Republic of 95 Israel 96 Jamaica 97 Japan 98 Jordan 99 Kazakhstan 100 Kenya 101 Korea, Republic of 102 Kuwait 103 Kyrgyz Republic 104 Lao People s Dem. Republic 105 Lebanon 106 Lesotho 107 Macao, China 108 Madagascar 109 Malawi 110 Malaysia 111 Maldives 112 Mali 113 Mauritania 114 Mauritius 115 Mexico 116 Moldova 117 Mongolia 118 Montenegro 119 Morocco 120 Mozambique 121 Myanmar The information provided by the European Communities covers its 27 members states in the year WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 ix

12 Index of country page tables Namibia 123 Nepal 124 New Zealand 125 Nicaragua 126 Niger 127 Nigeria 128 Norway 129 Oman 130 Pakistan 131 Panama 132 Papua New Guinea 133 Paraguay 134 Peru 135 Philippines 136 Qatar 137 Russian Federation 138 Rwanda 139 Saint Kitts and Nevis 140 Saint Lucia 141 Saint Vincent and the 142 Grenadines Saudi Arabia 143 Senegal 144 Serbia 145 Seychelles 146 Sierra Leone 147 Singapore 148 Solomon Islands 149 South Africa 150 Sri Lanka 151 Sudan 152 Suriname 153 Swaziland 154 Switzerland Chinese Taipei 156 Tanzania 157 Thailand 158 Togo 159 Tonga 160 Trinidad and Tobago 161 Tunisia 162 Turkey 163 Uganda 164 Ukraine 165 United Arab Emirates 166 United States 167 Uruguay 168 Uzbekistan 169 Vanuatu 170 Viet Nam 171 Zambia 172 Zimbabwe The information provided by Switzerland covers Liechstenstein. x WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

13 Abbreviations and Notations used Abbreviations used AVG Ag AVE HS Max MFN NAV Non-Ag SSG TL UV Average Ad valorem equivalent Harmonized System (nomenclature) Maximum duty Most favoured nation Non-ad valorem duty Special safeguards Tariff line Unit value Notations used - Not applicable 0 = 0 (not rounded) 0.0 > 0 and < = 100 (not rounded) > and < 100 Blank Italics US$ Bound or applied duties and/or imports are not available at all for a given country or customs territory. Maxima, based on AVE estimates are printed in italics; this also applies in cases when the ad valorem is part of a compound or mixed duty as ceiling or floor. United States dollar WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 xi

14 General Note In the comparison of bound and applied duties within countries and across countries, the following caveats need to be taken into account besides that of the effects of different nomenclature breakdowns. These are: (1) binding coverage; (2) tariff bindings not fully implemented; and (3) AVEs. While binding commitments cover all agricultural products, in principle, this is not always the case for nonagricultural goods. There are a number of WTO Members where the binding coverage for non-agricultural products is less and sometimes much less than 100 per cent. Also a number of developed countries have not yet fully bound all the tariff lines in their schedules. Any comparison of bound and applied tariff indicators is only valid in cases of full binding coverage. For most WTO Members, except the most recently acceded ones, all commitments dating back to the Uruguay Round have by now been implemented. In cases where commitments are not yet fully implemented, one may see MFN applied averages or maxima exceeding the corresponding bound duty indicators. Last but not least, the calculation of AVEs may affect the comparison between bound and applied duties when the changes in nomenclature have resulted in the use of different unit values. In other cases, bound duties have been expressed in a way that is not directly comparable with the currently used applied duties. In a number of cases, the estimated MFN applied AVEs were adjusted when the corresponding bound tariff lines were defined in ad valorem terms. In these cases, the corresponding bound ad valorem duty was used as ceiling for the AVE estimate. xii WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009

15 tables TECHNICAL NOTES Only duties and imports recorded under HS Chapters are taken into account. National tariff lines that do not follow the corresponding standard HS nomenclature at the level of HS six-digit subheadings used by the country for the reference year were discarded and not taken into account. All calculations are based on the complete standard nomenclature. All simple averages are based on pre-aggregated HS six-digit averages. Preaggregation means that duties at the tariff line level are first averaged to HS six-digit subheadings. Subsequent calculations are based on these pre-aggregated averages. To the extent possible, non-ad valorem duties are converted into ad valorem equivalents. The methodology used for the conversion is in Technical Annex B of World Tariff Profiles Description of column headings Column headings Year of MFN applied tariff Binding coverage Simple average Duty-free Non-ad valorem duties Description or method of calculation Calendar year or start of fiscal year. Share of HS six-digit subheadings containing at least one bound tariff line. Full binding coverage is indicated by 100 without further decimals. If some tariff lines are unbound but the result still rounds to 100 this is reflected by maintaining one decimal, i.e Simple average of the ad valorem or AVE HS six-digit duty averages. Share of duty-free HS six-digit subheadings in the total number of subheadings in the product group. Partially duty-free subheadings are taken into account on a pro rata basis. Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to non-ad valorem duties. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is subject to non-ad valorem duties the percentage share of these tariff lines is used. Duties > 15 % Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem duties or AVEs greater than 15 per cent. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis. Duties > 3 * AVG Concessions not yet implemented in 2008 Maximum duty Number of distinct duty rates Coefficient of variation Number of MFN applied tariff lines Share of HS six-digit subheadings subject to ad valorem duties or AVEs greater than three times the national average. When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties, the calculation is done on a pro rata basis. Share of HS six-digit bound subheadings not yet implemented in When only part of the HS six-digit subheading is covered by such duties the calculation is made on a pro rata basis. Maximum tariff line level ad valorem duty or AVE. Number of distinct duty rates. Non-ad valorem duties are always treated as distinct because AVE calculations would always yield distinct AVEs. For this indicator, however, duties not provided are not included in the count. Standard deviation of tariff line duty rates divided by the simple tariff line level average of all duty rates. Includes only ad valorem duties or AVEs. Total number of MFN applied tariff lines. SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

16 All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia European Communities Fiji Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia Georgia WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

17 All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent ,208 Afghanistan ,178 Albania ,904 Algeria ,201 Angola ,617 Antigua and Barbuda ,714 Argentina ,870 Armenia ,002 Australia ,671 Azerbaijan ,042 Bahamas ,101 Bahrain ,434 Bangladesh ,872 Barbados ,016 Belarus ,460 Belize ,548 Benin ,152 Bermuda ,238 Bhutan ,944 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ,157 Bolivia ,424 Bosnia and Herzegovina ,671 Botswana ,765 Brazil > ,689 Brunei Darussalam ,548 Burkina Faso ,556 Burundi ,689 Cambodia ,125 Cameroon ,431 Canada ,584 Cape Verde ,493 Central African Republic ,493 Chad ,714 Chile ,767 China ,237 Colombia ,379 Comoros ,493 Congo ,520 Costa Rica ,548 Côte d'ivoire ,672 Croatia ,410 Cuba ,794 Democratic Republic of the Congo ,589 Djibouti ,479 Dominica ,752 Dominican Republic ,229 Ecuador > 1000 > ,494 Egypt ,615 El Salvador ,493 Equatorial Guinea ,467 Ethiopia ,513 European Communities > 1000 > ,782 Fiji ,919 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ,593 Gabon ,052 Gambia ,906 Georgia SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

18 All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Ghana Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of Israel Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Qatar Russian Federation WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

19 All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent ,865 Ghana ,308 Grenada ,561 Guatemala ,763 Guinea ,548 Guinea Bissau ,307 Guyana ,294 Haiti ,630 Honduras ,946 Hong Kong, China ,982 Iceland ,893 India ,732 Indonesia ,650 Iran, Islamic Republic of ,485 Israel ,831 Jamaica ,075 Japan ,206 Jordan ,078 Kazakhstan ,260 Kenya ,835 Korea, Republic of ,101 Kuwait ,954 Kyrgyz Republic ,690 Lao People's Democratic Republic ,709 Lebanon ,348 Lesotho ,345 Macao, China ,362 Madagascar ,397 Malawi > 1000 > ,322 Malaysia ,082 Maldives ,548 Mali ,946 Mauritania ,516 Mauritius ,079 Mexico ,809 Moldova ,445 Mongolia ,768 Montenegro ,764 Morocco ,203 Mozambique ,689 Myanmar ,671 Namibia ,259 Nepal ,293 New Zealand ,939 Nicaragua ,548 Niger ,533 Nigeria > 1000 > ,035 Norway ,101 Oman ,910 Pakistan ,943 Panama ,455 Papua New Guinea ,721 Paraguay ,351 Peru ,871 Philippines ,101 Qatar ,130 Russian Federation SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

20 All products Tables All products Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

21 All products Tables All products Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent ,907 Rwanda ,303 Saint Kitts and Nevis ,332 Saint Lucia ,295 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines > ,228 Saudi Arabia ,548 Senegal ,197 Serbia ,122 Seychelles Sierra Leone > ,005 8,300 Singapore ,253 Solomon Islands > ,671 South Africa ,463 Sri Lanka ,295 Sudan Suriname ,671 Swaziland > 1000 > ,081 Switzerland ,853 Chinese Taipei ,260 Tanzania ,062 Thailand ,548 Togo Tonga ,290 Trinidad and Tobago ,492 Tunisia ,333 Turkey ,260 Uganda ,068 Ukraine ,101 United Arab Emirates ,986 United States ,952 Uruguay ,986 Uzbekistan 1.2 > ,270 Vanuatu ,689 Viet Nam ,984 Zambia > ,899 Zimbabwe SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

22 Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Country/Territory MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia European Communities Fiji Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia Georgia WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

23 Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent Afghanistan ,090 Albania Algeria Angola ,078 Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia ,170 Azerbaijan Bahamas ,122 Bahrain Bangladesh ,146 Barbados ,335 Belarus ,055 Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bolivia ,077 Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil > ,001 1,208 Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi ,208 Cambodia Cameroon ,367 Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad ,048 Chile ,087 China Colombia Comoros Congo ,506 Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire ,522 Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti ,054 Dominica ,007 Dominican Republic Ecuador > 1000 > Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia ,797 European Communities > 1000 > Fiji ,089 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia ,200 Georgia SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

24 Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN Country/Territory applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Ghana Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China Iceland India Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of Israel Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Korea, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon Lesotho Macao, China Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Norway Oman Pakistan Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Qatar Russian Federation WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

25 Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent Ghana ,026 Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea Bissau ,029 Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong, China ,794 Iceland ,477 India ,162 Indonesia Iran, Islamic Republic of ,255 Israel ,211 Jamaica ,710 Japan Jordan ,372 Kazakhstan Kenya ,583 Korea, Republic of ,122 Kuwait ,467 Kyrgyz Republic ,208 Lao People's Democratic Republic Lebanon ,823 Lesotho Macao, China Madagascar Malawi > 1000 > ,597 Malaysia ,188 Maldives Mali Mauritania ,527 Mauritius ,198 Mexico ,122 Moldova Mongolia ,034 Montenegro ,479 Morocco Mozambique ,208 Myanmar Namibia Nepal ,005 New Zealand ,063 Nicaragua Niger Nigeria > 1000 > ,349 Norway ,122 Oman Pakistan ,404 Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru ,261 Philippines ,122 Qatar ,477 Russian Federation SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

26 Tables Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % MFN MFN MFN MFN MFN Country/Territory applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Switzerland Chinese Taipei Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES

27 Tables Concessions Number of distinct duty Duties > 3 * AVG Maximum duty Coefficient of variation rates Number of not yet MFN implemented MFN MFN MFN Bound Bound MFN applied Bound Bound Country/Territory applied in 2008 applied applied applied tariff lines Share of HS 6 digit subhdgs in per cent Rwanda ,025 Saint Kitts and Nevis ,053 Saint Lucia ,025 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines > ,244 Saudi Arabia Senegal ,084 Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone > ,485 1,145 Singapore Solomon Islands South Africa Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland > 1000 > ,992 Switzerland ,418 Chinese Taipei Tanzania Thailand Togo Tonga ,027 Trinidad and Tobago ,345 Tunisia ,228 Turkey Uganda ,393 Ukraine ,122 United Arab Emirates ,596 United States ,394 Uruguay ,335 Uzbekistan 3.2 > Vanuatu ,208 Viet Nam Zambia Zimbabwe SUMMARY TABLES WORLD TARIFF PROFILES

28 Tables Country/Territory Year of Simple average Duty-free Non ad valorem duties Duties > 15 % Binding MFN coverage MFN MFN MFN MFN applied Bound Bound Bound Bound applied applied applied applied tariff Share of HS 6 digit subheadings in per cent Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Costa Rica Côte d'ivoire Croatia Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia European Communities Fiji Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Gabon Gambia Georgia WORLD TARIFF PROFILES 2009 SUMMARY TABLES