VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SUBJECT NAME: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

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VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SUBJECT CODE: CE6504 SUBJECT NAME: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING YEAR: III SEM : V QUESTION BANK (As per Anna

highways Locations and functions Factors influencing highway alignment Soil suitability analysis - Road ecology - Engineering surveys for alignment, objectives, conventional and modern methods.

1 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING SUBJECT CODE: CE6504 SUBJECT NAME: HIGHWAY ENGINEERING YEAR: III SEM : V QUESTION BANK (As per Anna University 2013 Regulation) UNIT-1 HIGHWAY PLANNING AND ALIGNMENT Significance of highway planning Modal limitations towards sustainability - History of road development in India Classification of highways Locations and functions Factors influencing highway alignment Soil suitability analysis - Road ecology - Engineering surveys for alignment, objectives, conventional and modern methods. PART: A 1 Classify the twenty year toad development plans. BT 3 2 List the factors affecting highway alignment BT 1 3 Identify the salient features of Nagpur Road plan. BT 1 4 Define obligatory point. BT 1 5 Define Traffic density. BT 1 6 List the stages of development of roads in India. BT 1 7 Classified roads according to the Nagpur plan BT 3 8 Discuss second twenty year plan. BT 2 9 Summarize a short note on road ecology BT 6 10 Prepare a note on CRF. BT 5 11 Generalize the recommendations of the Jayakar committee BT 5 12 Describe any two On-going highway projects in Tamilnadu. BT 1 13 Order rural and urban roads. BT 4 14 Order the engineering surveys for alignment. BT 4 15 Compose the functions of CRRI. BT 6 16 Outline the objectives of IRC. BT 2 17 Discuss about highway research board. BT 2 18 Predict the special considerations required for hill roads alignment. BT 2 19 Explain NHAI. BT 4 20 Show the importance of highway alignment. BT 3 PART B 1 Describe the engineering surveys conducted for highway alignment. BT 1 2 (i) Discuss the factors influencing highway alignment BT 2 (ii) Compare roadways and railways. 3 (i) Compose the classification of rural roads and explain. BT 6 (ii) Compose the classification of urban roads and explain. 4 (i) Outline the role of GIS and GPS in highways. BT 2

2 (ii) Discuss the importance of MORTH 5 Examine any two ongoing highway projects in India. BT 3 6 Recommend a construction procedure for macadam method of construction. BT 5 7 Identify the salient features of all twenty year road development plans. BT 4 8 Write down the various steps in highway project. BT 1 9 Complete the requirements of an ideal alignment with neat sketches. BT 3 10 Describe the controlling points in highway alignment. BT 1 11 Explain BT 4 (i) Central Rod Fund (ii) Cambers (iii)shoulders (iv) Highway research board 12 Describe the functions and responsibilities of the following BT 2 (i) Central Road Research Institute (ii) Indian Road Congress 13 (i) Separate the cross section of a highway and mark the geometric elements. BT 4 (ii) Arrange the recommendations of Jayakar Committee 14 What are the various objectives of preliminary survey for highway alignment? Enumerate the details to be collected and the various steps in the conventional method. BT 1 UNIT II GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS Typical cross sections of Urban and Rural roads Cross sectional elements - Sight distances Horizontal curves, Super elevation, transition curves, widening at curves Vertical curves - Gradients, Special consideration for hill roads - Hairpin bends Lateral and vertical clearance at underpasses. PART A 1. Define Road margins. BT1 2. Describe what are Shoulders? BT1 3. Define camber and list its types. BT1 4. Name the factors affecting the geometric design of a highway? BT1 5. What is Design Speed? BT1 6. Explain Sight distance? BT1 7. Distinguish maximum gradient and limiting gradient 8. Differentiate summit and valley curves 9. Discuss about PIEV theory 10. Classify the various types of road gradient? 11. Write about off tracking? BT3 12. Interpret the factors affecting stopping sight distance BT3 13. Illustrate the need for extra widening at curves? BT3 14. Analyze the importance of grade compensation on horizontal curves. 15. Explain the use of transition curve? 16. Inference from headlight sight distance? 17. Prepare a short note on overtaking zones. BT5 18. Generalize deviation angle? BT5 19. Summarize few cross section elements of road. BT6 20. Explain super elevation BT6

3 PART B 1. (i) With a neat sketch explain the cross-sectional elements of a 2 lane rural road BT1 on embankment.(8 Marks) (ii) Draw typical cross sections of urban and rural roads. (8 Marks) 2. What are the factors affecting geometric design? BT1 3. (i) Describe the types of gradient. (8 Marks) BT1 (ii) Explain with neat sketches about vertical curves. (8 Marks) 4. (i) A vertical summit curve is formed by n1 = +3.0% and n2 = 5.0%. Estimate the length of the summit curve for V=80 kmph. (8 Marks) (ii) A valley curve is formed by descending gradient n1= 1 in 25 and ascending gradient n2= 1 in 30. Predict the length of the valley curve for V =80kmph. (8 Marks) 5. (i) Derive the expression for super elevation. (8 Marks) (ii) A vehicle travels at a speed of 60Kmph. Find the super elevation to be provided if the radius of curvature is 220m(8Marks) 6. Illustrate the equation for extra widening. A vehicle travels in a 2 lane road with a BT3 design speed of 80kmph. Calculate the amount of extra widening for a radius of curvature of 210m. 7. (i) Derive the equation for summit curves (8 Marks) BT3 (ii) Explain the equation for valley curves(8 Marks) 8. The speed of overtaking and over taken vehicles are70 and 40 kmph, respectively on a two way traffic road. If the acceleration of overtaking vehicle is 0.99m/s2. Calculate SSD, OSD and ISD 9. (i) What are transition curves? How will you determine the length of transition curves? (8 Marks) (ii) NH passing through rolling terrain of heavy rainfall area, R=500m. Design length of Transition curve. (8 Marks) 10. Describe and derive the equation for sight distances. BT1 11. Design the safe sight distance for the design speed of 60 kmph for BT6 a. Two way traffic on a two lane road b. Two way traffic on a single lane road c. Two way traffic on a two lane road with an ascending gradient of 2% d. Two way traffic on a two lane road with an descending gradient of 3% 12. (i) Explain PIEV theory (ii) Discuss the methods of attaining superelevation. 13. A National highway passing through a rolling terrain has a horizontal curve of radius 220m. If the design speed is 80 kmph, calculate super elevation, extra widening, stopping sight distance and intermediate sight distance. Assume necessary data suitably 14. Describe the necessity of super elevation, camber and extra widening on curves and also comment the factors influencing OSD UNIT 3 DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PAVEMENT Design principles pavement components and their role - Design practice for flexible and rigid Pavements (IRC methods only) - Embankments PART A 1. Define ESWL BT1 BT5

4 2. Sketch the cross section of flexible pavement and name all its parts. BT1 3. List the different types of joints provided in the cement concrete pavement. BT1 4. Describe vehicle damage factor BT1 5. What is IRC method of design of flexible pavements? BT1 6. How will you determine the CBR strength of soil? BT1 7. Distinguish between dowel bar and tie bar in concrete pavements 8. Predict the Failure criteria of rigid pavements? 9. Compare rigid and flexible pavement 10. Discuss the Desirable properties of bituminous mix? 11. State the design principle of rigid pavement BT3 12. Brief the limitations of the CBR method BT3 13. Illustrate what are warping stresses? BT3 14. Explain what is Modulus of sub-grade reaction 15. Analyze the critical load positions on a pavement? 16. What do you infer from Bradbury's constant? 17. Examine relative stiffness of slab to sub-grade. BT5 18. What are the uses of Pavement thickness design charts? BT5 19. Short note on embankments and its uses. BT6 20. Explain the function of granular base course in flexible pavement. BT6 PART B 1. (i) Compare rigid and flexible pavement (ii) Explain briefly about flexible pavement design 2. (i) Explain the factors to be considered in the design of pavement (12 marks) (ii) What is rigidity factor in the design of highway pavement (4 marks) BT 2 3. Explain CBR method of pavement design with the IRC recommendations and its limitations 4. Complete the stepwise procedure for designing concrete pavements BT 3 5. (i) What are the various wheel load factors to be considered in pavement design(8 marks) (ii) State and explain any four factors governing the design of plain jointed rigid BT1 BT1 pavements(8 marks) 6. (i) With neat sketches, explain the functions of components of rigid pavements (ii) Outline the IRC recommendations for determining the thickness of cement concrete pavement BT1 7. Solve for the thickness of a concrete pavement with the following data. BT3 E for concrete = 2.5x10 5 Kg/cm 2 Poisson s ratio = 0.15 K value for sub- grade reaction = 4 Kg/cm 2 Wheel load = 5100 Kg Tyre pressure = 6 Kg/cm 2 Assume any other suitable data necessary 8. Design a flexible pavement for a three lane dual carriage way with the following details CBR of subgrade soil=1.4% Number of buses and trucks in one direction = 850 per day BT6

5 Number of buses and trucks in other direction = 700 per day Number of motor cycles in each direction =3000 per day Design life =20 years Assume any other suitable data if necessary. 9. What are the impacts of temperature on pavements? BT1 10. What are the Different layers in a pavement? Explain with its importance. BT1 11. Explain Equivalent single wheel load. 12. Design the pavement for construction of a new bypass with the following data: Two lane carriage way Initial traffic in the year of completion of construction = 400 CVPD (sum of both directions) Traffic growth rate = 7.5 % BT5 Design life = 15 years Vehicle damage factor based on axle load survey = 2.5 standard axle per commercial vehicle Design CBR of subgrade soil = 4%. 13. Write short note on embankments BT6 14. Explain the characteristics of joint sealers and fillers. UNIT-IV HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND PRACTICE Highway construction materials, properties, testing methods CBR Test for subgrade - tests on aggregate & bitumen Construction practice including modern materials and methods, Bituminous and Concrete road construction, Polymer modified bitumen, Recycling, Different materials Glass, Fiber, Plastic, Geo- Textiles, Geo-Membrane (problem not included) - Quality control measures - Highway drainage Construction machineries. PART A 1 Describe subgrade soil BT 1 2 List the properties of soil BT 1 3 How will you estimate the CBR strength of soil? BT 2 4 Describe about aggregates. BT 1 5 Summarize the properties of aggregates. BT 2 6 List the test conducted on aggregates. BT 1 7 Conclude what you understand by abrasion and impact. BT 6 8 How you measure the elongation and flakiness index of aggregates? BT 6 9 Generalize the requirements of bitumen. BT 5 10 Identify the different forms of bitumen. BT 1 11 How will you estimate the ductility and viscosity of bitumen? BT 2 12 Explain polymer modified bitumen. BT 4 13 Generalize the properties of bitumen. BT 5 14 Explain recycling of pavement. BT 4 15 Show tack coat, prime coat and seal coat in sketch. BT 3 16 Describe prime coat. BT 1 17 Classify geo textiles. BT 3 18 What are the uses of geotextiles? BT 3 19 Outline the different construction machineries. BT 2

6 20 Complete a neat sketch on different layers of pavement for WBM, Cement Concrete and Bituminous road. BT 3 PART B 1 (i) How will you calculate CBR strength of soil? Explain with standards. (8 marks) BT 3 (ii)solve for CBR strength of soil form the given data (8 marks) Load (kg) Penetration (mm) Load (kg) Penetration (mm) Describe the following test with neat sketches (i) Stone polishing value test (8 marks) BT 1 (ii) Aggregate impact test. (4 marks) (iii) Aggregate abrasion test (4 marks) 3 Explain the following test in detail. (i) Elongation and flakiness index (8 marks) BT 4 (ii) Crushing Strength test (4 marks) (iii) Water absorption test (4 marks) 4 Describe the following test with neat sketches BT 1 (i) Penetration test (5 marks) (ii)ductility test (6 marks) (iii) Viscosity test (5 marks) 5 (i) Explain the procedure for determination of binder content of bitumen. (8 marks) BT 2 (ii) Explain the construction procedure of WBM. (8 marks) 6 Explain the construction procedure of cement concrete pavement. BT 2 7 Describe the construction procedure of bituminous concrete pavement BT 1 8 What are geotextiles? Explain different geotextiles with neat sketch and place of BT 6 implementation 9 What are the quality control measures recommended in pavement construction? BT 5 10 Classify the machineries used for the pavement construction BT 3 11 Explain briefly the construction of earth roads. Discuss the advantages And limitations BT 6 of earth roads. 12 What are the desirable properties of bitumen used in road construction? Describe BT 1 viscosity test 13 (i) Distinguish with neat sketches the surface and sub surface drainage system of roads (ii) Explain how is drainage in hill road is provided BT 2 BT 6 14 Explain any two tests on road aggregates and any two tests on bitumen. BT 4 UNIT V EVALUATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PAVEMENTS Pavement distress in flexible and rigid pavements Pavement Management Systems - Pavement evaluation, roughness, present serviceability index, skid resistance, structural evaluation, evaluation by deflection measurements Strengthening of pavements Types of maintenance Highway Project formulation.

7 PART A 1 Discuss about cracks and its causes BT 2 2 Generalize bituminous overlay. BT 5 3 Differentiate different types of cracks. BT 2 4 Explain construction joints. BT 4 5 Summarize streaking. BT 6 6 List the causes of scaling. BT 1 7 Define upheaval. BT 1 8 Describe shoving. BT 1 9 Compose the causes of failure in layers of pavement. BT 5 10 Tell the importance of pavement drainage. BT 1 11 Discuss raveling. BT 2 12 Examine about rutting. BT 3 13 Define bleeding. BT 1 14 Explain pavement evaluation. BT 4 15 Summarize alligator cracks BT 6 16 Distinguish spalling and transverse crack. BT 2 17 Classify the failures in rigid pavement. BT 3 18 Examine the failures in sub base and base course layer of pavement. BT 3 19 Show in neat sketch the polishing of surface. BT 3 20 Define spalling of joints. BT 1 PART B 1 List the different cracks in flexible pavement with neat sketches BT 1 2 Describe surface defects with neat sketches BT 1 3 Explain deformation of flexible pavement with sketches. BT 2 4 Examine the failure due to disintegration and explain with neat sketches. BT 4 5 Classify the distress in rigid pavement. BT 3 6 Examine the pavement evaluation of flexible pavements BT 3 7 Outline pavement evaluation by deflection. BT 2 8 Explain the pavement evaluation of rigid pavements. BT 4 9 Describe the different types of maintenance BT 1 10 Compose the criteria that are to be followed during a project formulation BT 6 11 What are the various types of failure in rigid pavement??explain the causes and BT 1 remedial measures 12 Explain Benkelman beam deflection test procedure with neat sketches BT 2 13 Explain the method of strengthening of existing pavement with flexible overlay BT 4 14 Write in detail about skid resistance BT 5

8 S.no UNIT NO. BT1 BT3 BT5 BT6 Total Question 1 Unit-1 Part-B Unit-2 3 Unit-3 4 Unit-4 5 Unit-5 Part-B Part-B Part-B Part-B TOTAL NO. OF QUESTIONS IN EACH PART PART-A 100 PART-B 70 TOTAL 170

UNIT-1 PART:A. 3. (i) What are the requirements of an ideal highway alignment? Discuss briefly.

UNIT-1 PART:A. 3. (i) What are the requirements of an ideal highway alignment? Discuss briefly. UNIT-1 PART:A 1. What is meant by TRANSPORTATION. 2. List twenty-year road development plans. 3. Mention any two Recommendation of Jayakar committee. 4. What are the functions of IRC and CRRI. 5. Define