Dyes for dye- sensitized solar cell (DSC) made in Germany Solar Dyes 2011

Transcription

1 Dyes for dyesensitized solar cell (D) made in Germany olar Dyes 211

2 RGAIA Facts & Figures Foundation: 13 January 1995 hare capital: 1.. hareholder: WITE GmbH, Laasdorf 94% Anastasia Domke 6% taff: 75 (including 7 trainees) Investments ( ): Export ratio (211): 44 % Facilities & Equipment 3 fully equipped R&D laboratories GMP Kilo-Lab for Parenteralia Pilot plant Multipurpose plant Total reactor capacity: 85 m3 Glass-lined & stainless stell tray dryers, vakuum tray dryers 42 reactors, glass-lined (25-4 l, , 6 bar) 5 reactors, stainless steel (25-5 l, 2-25, 5 bar) 4 distillators (1-8 l, 2-15, min. 5 mbar; 3 / 12 / 15 / 35 theoretical plates) 7 tray dryers 1

3 RGAIA RGAIA mass production of high purity dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell (D) started Dye-sensitized solar cell (D) are based on a sensitizing dye as light-absorbing material, creating the electrons as power generator. The D, which is typical for the third generation solar cell, has made phenomenal progress since its discovery in 199 by Michael Grätzel. onversion efficiencies of over 12 percent and excellent stability have now been reached rendering it a credible alternative to conventional p-n junction photovoltaic devices. D have become viable contenders for largescale future solar energy conversion systems on the base of cost, efficiency, stability and availability as well as environmental compatibility. In 21 the development of synthesis of Dye 16 (5831) A: was finished. This dye gives better yield in light harvesting and increases the cell efficiency up to 11.4 %. H a 6 H 13 6 H RGAIA started with the development of improved synthesis procedures, enabling the company to scale up this production into multi-kilogram-scale. In connection with the larger production scale RGAIA themselves was able to reduce the production cost as an important condition for the competitiveness of large-scale industrial D production, able for substitution of silica based photovoltaics. The first developed synthesis of sensitizing dye by RGAIA was Dye 719 (117) A: , now the most common high performance dye: Another dye offered by RGAIA is Dye K19 (5978). It resembles 16 but presents better upscaling possibilities: H a 6 H 13 6 H 13 H (H ) 4 + H - (H 9 4 ) the industrial synthesis of first Energy Relay Dye (ERD) PTDI (5749) A: was developed: ERD gives additional light harvesting by absorbing higher energy (blue) photons. This makes the overall absorption spectrum wider for the same film thickness. Dye 117 was followed by Dye Z97 (1192) A: , a hydrophobic dye which very efficiently sensitises titanium dioxide as the mainly used semiconductor. Dye 1192 (Z97) offers great long term stability of D performance. H a 9 H 19 RGAIA offers these dyes from gram to kilogram scale. The sale of D dyes can be made only to companys that have received the license from the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL). 9 H 19 2

4 RGAIA RGAIA dyes for D - colours by comparism Dye 3 Dye 719 Dye Z97 Dye 16 Dye K19 Absorption 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1,, Z97 16 K19, Wavelength [nm] Dye ode o. Absorptivity (l mol -1 cm -1 ) in DMF at λ max. Absorption max (nm) DMF Z K c=,5g/l 3

5 RGAIA RGAIA dyes for D - HPL chromatograms H Dye 3 A o.: H Dye 719 A o.: Dye Z97 A o.: H Dye 16 A o.: H Dye K19 A o.: /A H (H 9 4) H a a a H - H H 9H 19 9H 19 (H 9 4) 4 + 6H 13 6H 13 6H 13 6H / 31nm rt [min] rt [min] 5 45 K19 / 31nm K19 / 525nm / 31nm / 294nm 16 / 54nm 719 / 31nm Z97 / 294nm Z97 / 54nm / 31nm rt [min] rt [min] K19 / 31nm K19 / 525nm Z97 / 294nm Z97 / 54nm 16 / 294nm 16 / 54nm 4

6 RGAIA Dyes for dye-sensitized solar cell (D) by RGAIA Dye Molecular tructure A o. ode o. hort Formula Remarks H L 2 () 2 L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid Absorption max = nm (DMF) H H H Hydrophilic + (H ) L 2 () 2 x 2 TBA L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium H H - (H 9 4)4 + Absorption max = nm (DMF) Hydrophilic Z97 a LL () 2 x 1 a L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dinonyl H 9H 19 9H 19 Absorption max = nm (DMF) Hydrophobic a LL () 2 x 1 a L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid H 6H 13 6H 13 L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -bis[5-(hexylthio)2- thienyl] Absorption max = nm (DMF) Hydrophobic a K19 /A 5978 LL () 2 x 1 a L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid H 6H 13 6H 13 L = 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -bis-2-[4-(hexyloxy) phenyl]ethenyl Absorption max = nm (DMF) Hydrophobic PTDI Absorption max = 585 nm (DMF) 5

7 RGAIA tages of manufacture ynthesis Depending on number of ligands, two or three stages e.g. Z97 a H 9 H 19 9 H 19 Addition of hydrophobic ligand 2-2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dinoxyl L Addition of 2,2 -bipyridyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid L Addition of - Isolation of by-products & crude product Purification of crude product Determination of purity Average dye consumption can be calculated with 1g dye/m 2 solar cell 6

8 RGAIA Please send this FAX to: ender ompany ontact person Request for quotation rder treet Locality Date Telephone ustomer number ignature ompany stamp ode Purchase order quantity Please call back Remarks Telephone Please note: The sale of D dyes can be made only to companys that have received the license from the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL). ontact: RGAIA T Wolfen Kunstseidestr Bitterfeld-Wolfen GERMAY T: F: info@organica.de RGAIA