How enforcement can save lives

Transcription

1 How enforcement can save lives Athens 21 March 2017 ETSC Programme Director

2 European Transport Safety Council A science based approach to road safety Secretariat in Brussels 58 member organisations from across Europe More than 200 experts contributing to ETSC s work The European Commission, Member Organisations, Member States and corporate sponsors are funding our work

3 ETSC Network

4 New Zealand Speed ad Mistakes

5 26,226 Recorded killed as a consequence of road collisions EU

6 26,226 Recorded killed as a consequence of road collisions EU ,000* seriously injured in road traffic in the EU in 2014 according to MAIS3+ definition *European Commission estimate

7 Humans are fairly blind to speeds (same applies for drink driving, not wearing seat belt ) I m only going a little bit too fast I m an excellent driver I m very familiar with this road I ve been driving like this for years nothing has happened

8

9

10 We know a lot about speed and risk Speed remains a very important risk factor. It has a greater effect on the number of accidents and injury severity than almost all other known risk factors. Rune Elvik, The Power Model of the relationship between speed and road safety: Update and new analyses (2009) Speeding influences the Severity of the injury Probability of a crash

11 Speed management 1. Safe speeds and safe speed limits 2. Traffic calming and measures 3. Public and media campaigns 4. Enforcement 5. Vehicle solutions ISA Intelligent Speed Assistance and AEB Automated Emergency Braking

12 80 Road / Vehicle / Speed limit Head-on Equivalent to a crash at = 90km/h Side Pedestrians = 70km/h = 50km/h = 30km/h

13 Systematic approach +

14 Traffic calming measures Self-enforcing, Self explaining roads Forgiving roads 2+1 roads in Sweden

15 How enforcement works Act as a deterrent: people will not commit an offence because they fear they will get caught. Needs a high level of enforcement + media to talk about it Sanctions should be fair, equitable and escalate: low level of sanction for low risk, high level of sanctions for high risk Level of sanctions = social acceptance of the offence: high sanctions = anti-social behaviour The silent majority is in favour of enforcement and sanctions!

16 European Survey of Road User Attitude (ESRA) Thematic report Speeding p. 23 Greece: 84% of respondents agreed that driving fast is risking your own life and the lives of others Highest %! 62% in the NLs 72% in France, 87% in Finland!

17 European Survey of Road User Attitude (ESRA) Thematic report Speeding p. 26 Greece: 83% of respondents say: traffic rules for speeding should be stricter Highest %!

18 France: speed enforcement ent 14 July 2002: Statement by President Chirac: Road safety will be the first of the top 3 priorities of his 2 nd mandate February 2003: Setting up of a dedicated «Interministerial mission» June 2003: Adoption of the «Law against road violence» Change from driver to owner liability End of 2003: installation of the 1 st 100 safety cameras (70 fixed + 30 mobile) End of 2005: 1000 safety cameras in place in total Full automatisation through a National Processing Center

19 France fully automatic speed enforcement The vehicle exceeds the speed limit The radar beam detects the speed and 2. Equity 4 date, time Control automatically takes a automatic and systematic photo Data and photos are automatically coded and sent to the National Procesing Data and photos are decoded at the National Processing Center. On the photo appear all data related to the infringement : speed, He does not agree Once the vehicle Center Automatic: Full automatisation means that everybody has been identified, with the sanction. He claim and the case is must send a motivate heard by a local the penalty notice letter to the National Police Court is automatically could be fined from sent by mail, the under normal The vehicle s Processing citizen Center together with a to the Prime owner receives deposit evidence Minister No amnesty possible 6 the supervision of the Public Prosecutor Officer at the National Processing Center 7 the penalty notice within 48 hours Processing Center Systematic: All infractions are sanctioned, the case even is heard by the a local Police Court reduction 5 ones for minor speeding and no The car risk has been of Evidences the system are not The national license plate data base, the stolen car base, the rent able to car treat base all infractions 8 He does not contest and pays the fine at the National Fine Center 9 Somebody else was driving. He sends the driver s references to the National stolen or has a false plate. He sends the proof to the National Processing Center 10 The National Processing Center decides either to file the case and the deposit is refunded, or itdisallows the The National Processing Center sends a penalty notice to the driver. If the person contests, examinated to see if offense is valid : if it is valid, the case is sent to a local Police Court, if not, it is rejected 11 Data are sent to the National Driving LicenseDatabasefor penalty points reduction Whenthedriver is convicteddata are sent to thenational driving licensedata base for penalty points AUTOMATED 19

20 Average of mean speeds (all networks together)

21 France: speed enforcement 75% of drop in road deaths attributed to fully automated speed management between Vehicles travelling at 10 km/h and more above the legal limit decreased from 35% to 10% 2 euros invested 5.9 euros gained

22 France: high public acceptance Immediate sanction (pedagogic): Fines sent within 48 hours after the offence Everybody received one! no feeling of it as being unfair because rare Camera revenues channelled back to road safety Cost benefit: The radars cost 200 million EUR a year and generate 590 million EUR Road collisions cost 24 billion EUR a year in France 22

23 Spain similar system: high public acceptance Camera revenues channelled back to road safety : The revenue from fines originated in traffic offences [ ] will be fully devoted to funding actions and measures in the fields of road safety, prevention of crashes and support to road victims. National road safety law Cost benefit 23

24 Spain system: efficient Early payment: If offence is voluntary paid within 20 days, 50% discount Early payment = voluntary payment ends the administrative procedure, though the driver can still go to court. In 2015: nearly 5 million traffic offences: 73% collected by DGT (the road safety authority): 95% of them paid for with a 50% discount 9% collected by the Tax Authority. 17% not collected. 24

25 Fines linked to average monthly net revenue In Finland, Sweden and Switzerland. Drivers incomes are checked by the police through an electronic interface directly from the Tax offices database. Automatically calculate the fines: Ticket calculator takes just a few seconds. Finnish day fine system is in place since the 1920s. In 2015, Reima Kuisla, a wealthy businessman was fined EUR 54,024 for travelling at 103km/h in an 80km/h zone. The fine was calculated based on his 2013 tax return which showed a EUR 6.5 million income for that year. 25

26 Finland: speeding in zones < 60 km/h Speeding over limit Petty fines Normal day. Sliding scale <10km/h over thelimit 11 15km/h over thelimit 170euro (moped 100euro) 170euro (moped 100euro) 16 20km/h over the limit 200 euro (for moped only dayfines) 21 23km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit km/h over thelimit >48 km/h over thelimit CRIME REPORT. 26

27 If you lower the fines, you have to Implement systematic enforcement with emphasis on speeding, drink and driving, mobile phone use and use of seat belt and helmet. Link offences to penalty point systems Install a network of safety camera (e.g. France, Spain, Ireland) Communicate that enforcement = saving lives Money from enforcement should go back to road safety Improve infrastructure Implement the road safety plan

28 If you just lower the fines with no other road safety measure, more people will die or be seriously injured on Greek roads.

29 Speeding used to be glamour

30 Risk of pedestrian fatality for different impact speeds 100% 20% 80% 15% 60% 10% 40% 5% 20% 0% % Impact speed (0 to 120 km/h) Impact speed (0 to 60 km/h)

31 SPEED ENFORCEMENT - RECOMMENDATIONS Combine automated and traditional methods Use stationary equipment at high risk sites Channel revenues back into the road safety Introduce Owner Liability

32 Sanctioning procedure SPAIN Selected traffic offences Minor: those committed in breach of the Road Safety Law and its Regulations and not explicitly classified as serious or very serious. Examples: exceeding allowed parking time. Serious: speed limit (up to a certain excess), right of way rules, overtaking, turns, back up, use of lanes and shoulders, dangerous parking, lights, earphones, hand-held mobile phones, GPS, speed radar detector, seatbelt, CRS, helmet, non-complying of officer s instructions, traffic lights/stop/yield signs, careless driving, tailgating, roadworthiness tests, cargo securing, driving on motorways with unauthorised vehicles. Very serious: speed limit (beyond a certain excess), alcohol and drugs (both consumption and noncomplying with mandatory tests), reckless driving, wrong way driving, unauthorised races, speed radar jammers, professional drivers rest and driving hours (>50%), failure to identify the driver, driving license, serious vehicle defects, manipulation of heavy vehicles recorders and speed limiters, unauthorised road works.

33 Demerit point system Effective when combined with communication and enforcement 23 EU Countries with a DPS or a similar system in force

34 Sanctioning procedure Amount of fines OFFENCES SANCTIONS Minor Serious Very serious Fine of up to 100 euros In general, fine of 200 euros Speed limit: euros (Refer to next slide.) Note: most serious and very serious offences also imply a certain loss of points from the driving license.

35 Sanctioning procedure Amount of fines OFFENCES SANCTIONS In general, fine of 500 euros. Fine of 600 euros: speed limit. Fine of 1,000 euros: Very serious - Alcohol (2 offences within a year or doubling the maximum BAC). - Drugs. - Non-complying with mandatory alcohol and drug tests. Fine of 6,000 euros: using radar jammers. Fine of 3,000-20,000 euros: corporate offences implying serious risks (road works, vehicle repair shops, driving schools). Triple the original fine: failure to identify the driver.

36 Sanctioning procedure Administrative procedure Since 2009, the driver is offered the so-called SHORT PROCEDURE: Having been notified of the offence via the offence report (on site) or by post, the offender will have a period of 20 calendar days to make a voluntary payment with a 50% reduction of the fine.the voluntary payment ends the administrative procedure, though the driver can still go to court. The ordinary procedureis used when the driver either appeals or does nothing within the first 20 days after notification. It ends with a full payment, collected by DGT (Road Traffic Authority) or, when not possible, by the Tax Authority.

37 Sanctioning procedure Results (provisional) ,824,742 traffic offences. Of which: 72.70% collected by DGT(95% of them paid for with a 50% discount) 9.63% collected by the Tax Authority % not collected ,353,171 traffic offences. Of which: 71.46% collected by DGT (94% of them paid for with a 50% discount) 1.86% collected by the Tax Authority % not collected. Notes: A number of administrative procedures, regarding particularly 2016 traffic offences, have not been ended yet. Municipalities with their own traffic police forces, as well as Catalonia and the Basque Country, are excluded.

38 Sanctioning procedure NationalRoad Safety Law The revenue from fines originated in traffic offences [ ] will be fully devoted to funding actions and measures in the fields of road safety, prevention of crashes and support to road victims.

39 National Police Board Introduction to Finnish Sanctioning system

40 TrafficOffenceSanctioningSystem All traffic offences are based on The Criminal Code of Finland ( Driver has to be recognized (Driver responsibility) Specific legislation about fining (Day Fine, Petty Fine) Imprisonment possible when major traffic crime Police can use written or oral warnings In addition to fines administrative measures e.g. 3 speeding ticket in a year or 4 in two years Driving ban 1-6 months Driving ban related to major crimes Impoundment of e.g. radar detector or vehicle Process in nutshell: Police officer Customer Judge Possibility to complain by the offender Local Court

41 Day FineCalculationScheme The higher income driver has the higher the amount of euros the fine is going to be (Legislator's will) Reasonable Equal treatment Effectivity Drivers incomes are checked by electronic means right away from the Tax offices database. Number of Day Fines are set by the Ministry of Interior / National Police Board Ticket calculator (only in Finnish)

42 The numberand amountof money / dayfine Calculation scheme: Criminal Code Section 2a, article 2 One sixtieth (1/60) of the average monthly income of the person fined, less the taxes and fees defined by a Decree and a fixed deduction for basic consumption, is deemed to be a reasonable amount of a day fine. Example: The maintenance liability of the person fined may decrease the day fine and his/her assets may increase it. E.g. one child 3 assets and above

43 Finland: speeding in zones < 60 km/h Speed over limit Normal dayf. Sliding scale Petty fine euro (moped 100euro) euro (moped 100euro) euro (for moped onlydayfines) Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use Petty fine not allowed to use 48 - CRIME REPORT. USE OF DAYFINES WITHOUT PROCEEDING TO THE LOCAL COURT WILL BE CONSIDERED DURING PRE-TRIAL INVESTIOGATION DONE BY THE POLICE

44 Tableaboutspeedingcases(above60 km/h zones) Speed over limit Norm.dayf. Sliding scale Petty fine Speed limit above 60 km/h euro euro euro Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use Petty fine not allowedto use 51 - CRIME REPORT. USE OF DAYFINES WITHOUT PROCEEDING TO THE LOCAL COURT WILL BE CONSIDERED DURING PRE-TRIAL INVESTIOGATION DONE BY THE POLICE

45 Kiitos Thank you for your attention