NHTSA ENFORCEMENT GRANT REDUCTIONS
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1 NHTSA ENFORCEMENT GRANT REDUCTIONS Virginia L. Landry, Esq. Law Offices of Virginia L. Landry, Inc Avenida de la Carlota, Suite 125 Laguna Hills, California
2 VIRGINIA L. LANDRY
3 Recent Societal Trends Aging baby boomers embracing prescription drugs and marijuana Younger generations embracing marijuana and other drugs Opioid epidemic
4 Drug Items (Baby Boomers) Benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax, tranquilizers) Antidepressants (Prozac, Zoloft) Barbiturates (Phenobarbital, Luminal, Nembutal) Muscle relaxants (Soma, Miltown) Sleep Aids (Ambien) Other over-the-counter medicines (Tylenol, Benadryl) Cough medicine (Robitussin, Vicks 44) Tobacco (cigarettes, cigars)
5 Pot/Designer/Other Drugs Marijuana (pot, hash, weed) Cocaine (crack or coke) Amphetamine or Methamphetamine (speed, crank, crystal meth) ADHD medications (Ritalin, Adderall, Concerta) Heroin Methadone LSD (acid) PCP (Angel dust) Ecstasy ( E, Extc, MDMA, X ) GHB (Liquid E, Gamma-Oh, Fantasy) Rohypnol (Ruffies) Ketamine (Special K The Rave Drug ) Prescription dietary supplements (Phentermine)
6 Opioids Prescription pain killers (Percocet, Oxycontin, Oxycodone, Demerol, Darvon) Morphine or codeine (Tylenol with codeine) Fentanyl (a synthetic opioid)
7 A Brief History on BAC Standards Development of Grant Programs for States 1982 To qualify for basic grant funds, Congress requires states to enact.10 BAC per se law 1988 After 3 years of BAC.10, to continue to qualify for basic funding, BAC limit needs to be lowered to.08 BAC 1992 NHTSA sends report to congress recommending ALL states enact.08 per se laws for drivers 21 years of age or older 1997 NHTSA establishes action plan to reduce alcoholrelated fatalities by Congress TEA 21 Act - $500 million of incentive grants over 6 years to states that have.08 BAC per se law 2000 DOT s Appropriations Act passed by both chambers of Congress - states MUST pass BAC.08 per se law by 2004 or will lose federal highway constructions funds
8 BAC.10 to Years Later BAC.08 to ?
9 Lowering BAC Limit from.10 to.08 In a 1995 NHTSA study, four states that adopted a.08 BAC limit experienced decreases on several measures of alcoholrelated fatalities. Decreases in alcoholrelated fatalities ranged from 4% to 40% in those states that were studied** **Johnson, D., & Fell, J. (1995). The Impact of Lowering the Illegal BAC Limit to.08 in Five States in the U.S. 39th Annual Proceedings of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine, October 16-18, 1995 (pp ). Chicago, IL.
10 The First Five States to Lower BAC from.10 to.08 Utah (1983) Oregon (1983) Maine (1988) California (1990) Vermont (1991) Utah BAC.05 effective December 2018 Which states will follow?
11 Why The Push to Lower BAC to.05? Based on 2013 National Transportation Safety Board report that called on states to lower limit for BAC to.05 American Medical Association endorses.05 BAC It took 18 years for BAC to go from.10 to.08 for ALL states. How long until BAC.05 for all?
12 From the First Automobile to Self-Driving Cars
13 We went from this... Original three-wheeled Motorwagen car designed by Karl Benz, first ran in 1885
14 And progressed toward this Mercedes Benz Autonomous Self-Driving Vehicle
15 The Evolution 1903 Wiper blades developed and patented 1911 Rear view mirrors used for the first time 1914 Turning indicators invented 1921 Headrest invented to reduce whiplash 1927 Safety glass used in windshields 1934 General Motors performed first crash test 1947 Tucker Sedan first car with padded dashboards 1949 First crash test dummy created 1951 Airbag created 1959 Volvo introduces 3-point seatbelt, strapping over the lap and shoulder for extra protection
16 The Evolution continued 1966 Cars built in Europe must have front seat belt fitted. Padded dashboards, front and rear lap belts, white reverse lights become mandatory 1966 Jensen FF is first car to feature anti-lock braking system that was previously used in aircraft 1968 The first Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards in the U.S. make it mandatory to have collapsible steering columns, side marker lights, and front seat shoulder belts in all vehicles 1970 Ford offers rear wheel anti-brake lock systems 1974 General Motors provide optional airbags for the driver and passenger s seats 1978 Mercedes introduce the first electronic anti-lock braking system in its Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1979 NHTSA begins crash testing new cars 1991 Volvo introduces its side impact protection system 1994 Volvo introduces side impact air bags
17 The Evolution continued 1995 Mercedes-Benz and Bosch introduce electronic stability control 1996 Mercedes-Benz introduces the Brake Assist System 2000 Iteris developed Lane Departure Warning System, warns and alerts the driver that they re leaving their lane 2004 Volvo introduces the blind spot information system using cameras and motion sensors to avoid accidental collisions when parking or switching lanes Jaguar and Citroen develop the pop-up bonnet, designed to reduce pedestrian injury risk 2008 Volvo introduces autonomous emergency braking on its XC60, automatically braking when sensors pick up oncoming vehicle 2010 Volvo develops the pedestrian detection system, causing cars to brake automatically when they detect a pedestrian.
18 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Currently codified at 49 C.F.R. 571* *Visit Electronic Code of Federal Regulations Developed and enforced by NHTSA pursuant to statutory authorization in the form of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966
19 NHTSA Strategic Goals and Objectives
20 *See Exhibit A The Road Ahead
21 How To Get On a Cop s Good Side Make them Laugh!
22 States that Require IID s for First Time Offenders 18-page handout from National Conference of State Legislatures dated 5/22/18* *Visit 27 States have Mandatory Ignition Interlock Provisions for All Offenses California has a pilot program in 4 counties; changes 1/1/19 Colorado and Maine s laws are not mandatory for a 1 st conviction, but there are strong incentives to install IID on 1 st conviction
23 The Future of BAC Coming Soon Alcohol Technology in Vehicles* Program started in 2008 (NHTSA & partners) Breath-based system measures alcohol molecules in driver s breath Touch-based system use near infrared tissue spectroscopy to see how much alcohol is in person s blood *Visit /New-blood-alcohol-sensors-make-cars-shut-sensedrivers-legal-drinking-limit.html
24 NHTSA S PLANS DRUG IMPAIRED DRIVING INITIATIVE IT S JUST THE BEGINNING
25 What Does a Pot Sobriety Test Look Like?
26 Drive High, Get a DUI
27 Feel Different
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30 NHTSA Ad 1
31 NHTSA Ad 2
32 No Big Deal
33 The Wave of the Future Police now using mouth-swab tests for drivers suspected of being under the influence of marijuana and other drugs Dräger DrugTest 5000 machines tests for the presence of seven drugs marijuana, cocaine, opiates, methamphetamine, amphetamine, methadone and benzodiazepines Premiered in the U.S. in 2009 and is used by police in places such as Los Angeles, New York, Arizona, Nevada, Australia, Belgium and Germany Only confirms for presence of drugs not levels FOR NOW!
34 Dräger DrugTest 5000 Machine
35 Dräger DrugTest 5000 Machine in Action
36 NHTSA Plans In 2019 and 2020, NHTSA planning on having more significant improvements in testing to distinguish between screening tests and confirmatory tests, recording quantity of a drug detected
37 How Much Longer Before This Becomes Reality?
38 JOIN US FOR NCDD s 2019 WINTER SESSION! For more information visit:
39 Special Thanks Thanks to Lorena Hughes, Paralegal, for assisting in preparing this PPT presentation
40 COPY OF SLIDES TEXT TO: ENTER: DUIDRUGS AND FOLLOW THE PROMPTS
41 Questions?
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