NPTI APPROACHES FOR DENO X -SYSTEMS. Dr. J. Czerwinski, AFHB Dr. A. Mayer, TTM Th. Lutz, ETHZ

Transcription

1 NPTI APPROACHES FOR DENO X -SYSTEMS Dr. J. Czerwinski, AFHB Dr. A. Mayer, TTM Th. Lutz, ETHZ Focus Event, 22. Nanoparticle Conference, ETHZ

2 HD vehicles with DPF + SCR TeVeNO x

3 TEVENO X Testing of Vehicles with NO x -Reduction Systems SAE Paper

4 3 Types of vehicle tests Bern University of Applied Sciences TEST TYPE 1 HD Chassis Dynamometer TEST TYPE 2 Real World Operation on the Road TEST TYPE 3 Simple Function Test (short operation on the road)

5 Investigated vehicles

6 Investigated vehicles: Bern University of Applied Sciences Vehicles Exhaust system Vehicles Exhaust system A B C D E Bus Volvo 18 kw Bus volvo Hybrid 158 kw Mercedes Actros 3 kw 57 km Mercedes Actros 3 kw 552 km MAN TGS 397 kw 22 km DINEX DPF+SCR retrofit OEM DPF+SCR OEM SCR OEM SCR OEM SCR + DPF retrofit F G H I J Mercedes Actros Blutec 6 33 kw 12km DAF Truck 34 kw MAN TGS 4 kw Mercedes Actros 26 kw OEM CRT+SCR OEM SCR OEM SCR KM OEM SCR 84.9 T km NOxOFF DPF+SCR retrofit

7 Vehicle E on the MAN HD chassis dynamometer with OEM SCR & retrofitted DPF DPF SCR

8 Sampling positions on vehicle F engine-out Anapol CPK-NOx-sensor engine out tailpipe CPK-Temp.-sensor engine out CPK-Temp.- sensor engine out Horiba (MEXA12NO x) NP (MD-19) CPK-NO x - sensor tailpipe Impinger 2CLD with heated filter

9 Measuring set-up with vehicle G CPK-Temp.-sensor engine out CPK-NOx-sensor engine out NP measurement apparatus AVL AMA engine out engine-out CPK-NO x -sensor tailpipe AVL AMA tailpipe CPK-Temp.-sensor tailpipe FTIR tailpipe

10 Some results Bern University of Applied Sciences

11 3 dosing flow [ml/h] UDS KNOx [%] FTIR NOx, NO2 [ppm] temperature [ C] FTIR NH3, N2O [ppm] t8 I- NOx Sensors -I not active t9 FTIR NO2 switch-on time [s] t8: b. SCR t9: a. SCR UDS NOx in FTIR NOx UDS NOx out FTIR NH3 = ppm FTIR N2O v = 44 km/h KNOx FTIR 77% KNOx (sensors) KNOx UDS 86% Switch-on dosing retrofit system cdpf & SCR; α =.75 vehicle A; ULSD; Chassis Dyno

12 K NOx with different analyzers at stationary operation OEM SCR; dosing & dosing not activated vehicle C, ULSD; Chassis Dyno LARAG NO x [ppm] NO x [ppm] C C out apo SCR disabled SCR enabled OP1 / 5 km/h t. b. SCR 275 C 2CLD CPK out Anapol SCR disabled SCR enabled OP2 / 67 km/h t. b. SCR 36 C 2CLD CPK out Anapol NO x reduction rate [%] NO x reduction rate [%] CLD CPK Anapol 2CLD CPK Anapol

13 Comparison of KNOx-values from different periods of the trip: 2CLD whole trip CPK & SCR active time Vehicle F; ULSD; AdBlue; Dosing activated KNOx [%] whole trip non-urban 1 (cold) motorway non-urban CLD whole trip, average trips 4,5,6 CPK only active periods, average trips 4,5,6

14 SWOFF - intervention of ECU after long idling OEM SCR; dosing activated Vehicle D; ULSD; Chassis Dyno LARAG CPK temperature [ C] CPK NOx in & out [ppm] OP2 = 7 km/h NOx out OP2 Idle Dosing activated t8 Reference t8: b. SCR t9: tailpipe NOx in reference 1) The system interrupts the injection of AdBlue as soon as the wheels stop to rotating 2) After long idling the engine control takes automatically intervention Dosing off 1) t9 NOx-sensors not active 2CLD NOx [ppm] NOx reference Dosing off 1) 2) NOx downstream time [s]

15 Experiences in TeVeNO x (1) De-NO x Rates PCFE Bus A 8-85% 99.9% Bus B 3-7% DPF not tested Truck C 88-95% no DPF Truck D 42-88% no DPF Truck E 84% (OP1) 99.5% Truck F 63-94% 99.9% Truck G 28-7% Diesel no DPF 19-55% D/CNG Truck H 2-84% no DPF Truck I 2-92% no DPF

16 General conclusions TeVeNOx The foundations for the quality verification procedures of SCR-systems are established, The SCR-systems are not active at lower temperatures < 2 C, SCR-testing on vehicle is a better approach than on engine dyno, simple & low-cost quality check is possible.

17 LD vehicles with DPF + SCR IUCD In Use Control Diesel

18 IUCD: exhaust emissions during const. speed, with cold start Vehicle 1; EGR, DOC, DPF, SCR; fuel: Diesel; tailpipe. NO2 & NOx [ppm] CO [ppm] speed [km/h], PRad [kw] tailpipe temp. load jumps speed 17.5 kw P Rad 9.5 kw 5.1 kw.8 kw a RR=91.5% idling 27 s a=118 ppm b=1 ppm stop RAI b tailpipe temp. [ C]

19 IUCD: exhaust emissions during const. speed and idling. Vehicle 2; EGR, DOC, DPF, SCR; fuel: Diesel; tailpipe CO [ppm] speed [km/h], PRad [kw] P Rad 8.1 kw speed idling tailpipe temp tailpipe temp. [ C] 2 NO2 & NOx [ppm] a a=55 ppm RR=98.2% 49 s NOx NO 2 b b=1 ppm

20 IUCD: exhaust emissions during const. speed and idling. Vehicle 3; EGR, DOC, DPF, SCR; fuel: Diesel; tailpipe. 12 CO [ppm] speed [km/h], PRad [kw] speed P Rad 6.7 kw tailpipe temp. idling tailpipe temp. [ C] 5 NO2 & NOx [ppm] a a=227 ppm 145 s NOx RR=99.1% NO 2 b=2 ppm b

21 IUCD: catalyst temperature during const. speed and idling. Vehicle 3; EGR, DOC, DPF, SCR; fuel: Diesel; tailpipe. speed [km/h], PRad [kw] engine speed [rpm] speed P Rad 6.7 kw catalyst temperature, measured with OBD engine speed tailpipe temp. idling start increase NOx temp. [ C] tailpipe temp. [ C] time [s]

22 Complementary information (to be required) OBD data, NO x -sensors AdBlue indication AdBlue purchasing and consumption Visual control of AdBlue system

23 Open questions Fixing of the minimum limit value of NO x reduction rate (RR) Solution of the question wheel-stop RAI-stop, fixing of the time to drive after load jump for LD and for HD More testing for statistical robustness Testing of LNT Testing with failures

24 VERTdeNO x certification protocol For HD/LD SCR-retrofit

25 VERTdeNO x Testing Procedures for HD/LD SCR-retrofit Vehicle equipped with a VERT-conform DPF-system on chassis dynamometer on road circuit in customer application on road circuit light-off max. gas flow max. temp. K NOX gaseous emissions incl. NH 3 3 repetitions Gas PEMS PN PEMS data logging AdBlue consumption control after 1' km results from VdeNO x 3 short RDE simple function test Abbreviations HD LD K NOx heavy duty light duty NO x conversion efficiency PN... particle number RDE... real driving emissions PEMS... portable emission measuring system

26 Conclusions With DPF, SCR and GPF, it is possible to: Eliminate PN and Reduce NO x below the legal limits Quality control in-use is possible (for deno x PTI more efforts are necessary) Quality procedures for deno x systems are elaborated

27