Dermal absorption of benzo[a]pyrene into human skin from soil: Effect of artificial

Transcription

1 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Dermal absorption of benzo[a]pyrene into human skin from soil: Effect of artificial weathering, concentration and exposure duration Trevor K. Peckham 1, Jeffry H. Shirai 1, Annette L. Bunge 2, Yvette W. Lowney 3, Michael V. Ruby 4, John C. Kissel 1* 1 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2 Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA 3 Exponent, Boulder, CO 80302, USA 4 Integral Consulting, Louisville, CO 80027, USA (Deceased) *Correspondence: University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Box , 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States. Tel: (206) ; Fax: (206) ; jkissel@uw.edu. File contents: Title page... 1 Additional Information on Yolo soil Supplemental Material, Figure Supplemental Material, Table 1 4 Supplemental Material, Table 2 5 1

2 Yolo soil (additional information). The Yolo soil, collected from the University of California (UC), Davis, student farm 1 was provided by William Reifenrath (Stratacor, Richmond, CA), who acquired it from the UC Davis soils lab. This was the source of the Yolo County soil used by Wester et al. 2 (personal communication, R. Wester, 1994), although there are differences in the reported percentages of clay and sand (classified by size): 26% sand and clay reported by Wester et al., and 34% sand and 20% clay reported by Reifenrath et al. It appears that the numbers in both studies are for the original samples and not the sieve fractions that were actually used in the studies. 1. Reifenrath WG, Kammen HO, Palmer WG, Major MM, Leach GJ. Percutaneous absorption of explosives and related compounds: an empirical model of bioavailability of organic nitro compounds from soil. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002;182(2): Wester RC, Maibach HI, Bucks DA, Sedik L, Melendres J, Liao C, et al. Percutaneous absorption of [14C]DDT and [14C]benzo[a]pyrene from soil. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology Oct;15(3):

3 Figure S1. Average measured BaP soil concentrations from three 5-mg weathered soil aliquots taken each week across the experimental period and linear regression for (a) nominal 3 mg/kg soils (slope: ; 95% Confidence Interval: to 0.04) and (b) nominal 10 mg/kg soils (slope: ; 95% Confidence Interval: to 0.008). 3

4 Table S1. Average BaP mass recovered from each experimental compartment and mass balance for all study conditions, including by individual soil type a Vehicle Weathered? t exp nominal mass recovered from: % of applied dose C BaP mass loaded receptor fluid washed skin donor chamber rinse skin washing b cell wipe recovered Y/N hr mg/kg n ng/cm 2 ± SD ± E ng ± SD ± E ng ± SD ± E ng ± SD ± E ng ± SD ± E ng ± SD ± E % ± SD ± E Weathered Trials CSU yes ISU yes MTSS c yes Yolo yes Group: CSU yes ISU yes MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: CSU yes ISU yes MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: CSU yes ISU c yes MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: Unweathered Trials MTSS no Yolo no Group: MTSS no Yolo no Group: Acetone-vehicle Trials BaP-acetone d BaP-acetone d BaP-acetone Subset of Weathered Trials for Comparison with Unweathered Trials MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: a n = total number of experimental measurements; C = concentration; texp = time of exposure; SD = standard deviation; E = maximum error of the mean at a 95% confidence level. b Due to high amounts of soil in these vials, 1 ml aliquots of well-mixed cocktail-soil solution were added to an additional 10 ml of cocktail and re-counted. c One cell had receptor fluid values that failed outlier analysis (Dixon's Q test at 99% level). d One trial was removed from analysis due to total radioactivity recoveries of <50%.

5 Table S2. Average flux into and through skin for all experimental conditions, including by individual soil type a Vehicle Weathered? t exp nominal measured average flux: average mass/area: C C b J out J in M rf /A M sk / A Y/N hr mg/kg n mg/kg ± SD ± E ng/cm2-hr ± SD ± E ng/cm2-hr ± SD ± E ng/cm2 ± SD ± E ng/cm2 ± SD ± E Weathered Trials CSU yes ISU yes MTSS c yes Yolo yes Group: CSU yes ISU yes MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: CSU yes ISU yes MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: CSU yes ISU c yes MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: Unweathered Trials MTSS no e 0 e Yolo no e 0 e Group: MTSS no e 0 e Yolo no e 0 e Group: Acetone-vehicle Trials BaP-acetone d BaP-acetone d BaP-acetone Subset of Weathered Trials for Comparison with Unweathered Trials MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: MTSS yes Yolo yes Group: a n = total number of experimental measurements; C = concentration; texp = time of exposure; Jin = average flux into skin; Jout = average flux into receptor fluid; Msk/A = mass of BaP per area in skin; Mrf/A = mass of BaP per area in receptor fluid; SD = standard deviation; E = maximum error of the mean at a 95% confidence level. b Due to high amounts of soil in these vials, 1 ml aliquots of well-mixed cocktail-soil solution were added to an additional 10 ml of cocktail and re-counted. c One cell had receptor fluid values that failed outlier analysis (Dixon's Q test at 99% level). d One trial was removed from analysis due to total radioactivity recoveries of <50%. e All experiments took place in same week.