Holistic Approach to Heavy Vehicle Monitoring

Transcription

1 Holistic Approach to Heavy Vehicle Monitoring Authors: Lily D. Poulikakos Empa, Lab for Road Eng./Sealing Components Kurt Heutschi, Empa, Lab for Acoustics Patrik Soltic, Empa Lab for Internal Combustion Engines Realization:

2 Outline Introduction Footprint I, II monitoring results Footprint III monitoring goals Conclusions 2

3 Footprint Project European cooperative project ( ), follow up project is planned Swiss project (three parts) I: , II: , III: Goal Identify road and rail vehicles by their environmental footprint Footprint parameters: dynamic load, noise, vibration, gaseous emissions 3

4 Switzerland

5 Switzerland in a Globalized World

6 WIM Locations in Switzerland Footprint I+II Footprint III

7 Footprint I and II Financial support: Swiss Federal Roads Office Swiss Federal Office for the Environment Comission for Technology and Innovation Industial Partner: Kistler Instruments, Switzerland 7

8 Road Footprint Station-CH 8 Operation:

9 Footprint Parameters Dynamic Messurements Source: Mayer, R. M., Poulikakos, L. D., Lees, A. R. Heutschi, K., Kalivoda, M., Soltic, P. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, (in press 2011) 9 Poulikakos, L. D., Heutschi, K., Arraigada, M., Anderegg, P Soltic, P. (2010) Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 17, pp

10 Run 67 In-situ measurement of double tyre with one flat tyre Load=72.4 kn, Temp=21 C, Speed=22 m/s Run 70 In-situ measurement of properly inflated double tyres Load=83.9 kn, Temp=24 C, Speed=22 m/s Strains in Asphalt: -375 με, +299 με Strains in Asphalt: -216 με, +175 με similar wheel loads can have quite different impacts Source: Poulikakos, Poulikakos L.D. April LD, 2011 et al. VSS Report 569 Nr. 1193; www. VSS.ch 10

11 Conclusion It is difficult to identify environmentally friendly vehicles unless a limit is set and an environmental label is produced for each parameter 11

12 LSVA (Swiss Heavy Vehicle Fee) LSVA Footprint Weight capacity Weigh in Motion (WIM) Distance traveled considered not considered Gaseous emissions Euro engine rating Modeling Noise not considered considered Vibration not considered considered 12

13 Example: Noise Histograms Freight truck Green Label Blue Label Red Label 13

14 Vehicle Nr. 20 Measurement campaign Juli 2008 Parameter Amount Limit Label WIM Data Gross weight (38.85) t 40 t* Axle load (12.85) t 10 t* Speed 87 km/h 80 km/h Tire pressure 8.8 bar 10 bar Noise 93 ( 91.8) db(a) ** Gaseous emissions Engine type Euro V Euro IV ( ) : Static measurement or noise normalized for 80 km/h * : Need more Info **: Site+ category specific criteria needed (med=87 db(a)) 14

15 Vehicle Nr. 22 Measurement campaign Juli 2008 Parameter Amount Limit Label WIM Data Gross weight (40.15) t 40 t* *** Axle load (12.05) t 10 * Speed 89 km/h 80 km/h Tire pressure 11 bar 10 bar Noise 90.9 ( 89.4) db(a) Gaseous emissions Engine type Euro III Euro IV ( ) : Static measurement or noise normalized for 80 km/h * : Need more Info **: Site+ category specific criteria needed (med=87 db(a)) ***: using dynamic measurement 15 **

16 Footprint III Financial support: Swiss Federal Roads Office Swiss Federal Office for the Environment 16

17 Footprint III Monitoring Plan 1. Noise+LSVA+WIM On going 2. Noise+LSVA+WIM+Tire pressure During WIM calibration Tire pressure Particle filter 17

18 Footprint III Measuring station Noise WIM LSVA 18

19 Footprint III-Parameters Sensor WIM: Microphone LSVA Parameter Axle load Number of axles Gross weight Speed Axle distance SWISS 10 category Sound pressure level Gaseous emissions class EURO 0-V Domestic/Foreign Declared gross weight 19

20 Environmental friendliness criteria Parameter Gross Weight (WIM) Axle Load (WIM) Gaseous Emissions (LSVA Data bank) Criteria Green (Bonus) Blue Red (Malus) >Declared (LSVA Data bank: WIM_ZUL_GEW) > Defined by Artikel 67 VRV EURO IV+ EURO III EURO 0, I, II Noise Will be developed in Footprint III ex. 87 db 20

21 Example: WIM+LSVA Data WIM_VEHICLE_NUMBER 53264Criteria WIM_DETECTIONTIME FAR_CODE 38 ZFZ_GESGEW_ZFZ ZFZ_GESGEW_ZUG ZFZ_LEERG 7400 DEKL_GEW_ANH ANH_LEERGEW 9700 ZFZ_EUROCLASS 4EURO IV+ WIM_ZUL_GEW WIM_MASS 37920<40 WIM_SPEED 86>80 WIM_LANE 1 WIM_NUMAXLES 5 WIM_SWISS10 10 Sattelzüge Kat. 10 WIM_AXLENUMBER total 3,4,5 WIM_AXLEMASS WIM_AXLEWHEELBA SE Criteria <11.5 <10 triple between 1.3 and 1.4m apart <21 21

22 Conclusions (1) It is difficult to identify environmentally friendly vehicles unless an environmental label is produced for each parameter There are a small percentage of vehicles that are environmentally harmful or unsafe Footprint III will deliver these labels as a result of in situ monitoring 22

23 Conclusions (2) A holistic approach to monitoring of HGV will give a better indication on environmental friendliness Then vehicles with a small environmental footprint can be encouraged 23

24 Thank you for your Attention Muito obrigado pela sua atenção

25 Possible scenario: Convert labeling to road pricing Green Label 1.6 Ct/tkm-15% Blue Label 1.6 Ct/tkm Red Label 1.6 Ct/tkm+15% 25