Feasibility of Using Advanced EDRs for Assessing Active Safety Systems
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1 Feasibility of Using Advanced EDRs for Assessing Active Safety Systems H. Clay Gabler Kristofer D. Kusano Virginia Tech 7 November 2013 Center for Injury Biomechanics COLLEGE of ENGINEERING C I B
2 Challenge: Determining Driver Actions, Pre-Crash Common Data Sources: 1. Crash Databases 2. FOT, Naturalistic Alternative Approach: Event Data Recorders
3 Event Data Recorders (EDRs): The Black Box Store vehicle data after crash Pre-Crash Data: Speed Accelerator Brake ON/OFF Advanced EDRs: Steering To PC Bosch Download Tool EDR
4 Objective Determine feasibility of using advanced EDR data to evaluate active safety systems? Lane Departure Warning Systems Forward Collision Avoidance Systems
5 Data Source: Crashworthiness Data System NHTSA s NASS/CDS 5,000 in-depth investigations per year Tow-away crashes Download EDR, when available
6 EDR Downloads by NASS/CDS Year ,467 Total Downloads 800 EDR Downloads Bosch CDR Tool GM Ford Chrysler Toyota Case Year
7 Example EDR Data NASS/CDS Case Ford Escape Vehicle Speed (mph) Speed (mph) Accelerator Pedal (%) Brake ON/OFF Time Before Crash (s)
8 Advanced EDR Data NASS/CDS Case Ford Escape Steering Input (deg) Steering Yaw Rate (deg/s) Yaw Rate Time Before Crash (s) Time Before Crash (s)
9 Reconstruction Approach Develop Vehicle Model Create Simulation using EDR data Validate using EDR Dynamics Steering Public Specifications NHTSA Rollover Tests Time EDR Steering EDR Speed Yaw-rate Lat./Lon. Acceleration Simulate crash with System (e.g. LDW)
10 Simulation without LDW Impact Location Road geometry from NASS/CDS scene diagram Yaw Rate (deg/s) EDR Simulation Time Before Crash (s)
11 Simulation with LDW Impact Location Steering Input (deg) Lane Touch EDR With LDW Time Before Crash (s) Reaction Time
12 Forward Collision Avoidance Systems
13 Rear-end Collisions Single most common collision type in U.S. Forward Collision Avoidance Systems mitigate or prevent rear-end collisions 1 1
14 Design of Pre-Collision System Activation Timings Time Collision Forward Collision Warning (FCW) Questions: When do drivers brake? Driver brake force? How many don t brake? Dynamic Brake Assist (DBA) Increase Driver Brake Effort Crash Imminent Braking (CIB) Automatic without driver braking
15 Objective Quantify driver avoidance maneuvers in rearend collisions using Event Data Recorders Data Source: NASS/CDS crash database Focus: Tow-away Rear-end Collisions
16 Example Crash with EDR Data NASS/CDS Vehicle Speed (kph) Speed Throttle Brake Brake ON/OFF and Throttle % Time (s)
17 Computing Time to Collision (TTC) at Brake Initiation v 1 V 1,0 a v 2 x 0 Δt 1. TTC at Braking: TTC brake = t s 1 2V 1,0 at s 2 2. Average Deceleration from Vehicle Speed
18 Selected Cases NASS/CDS EDRs from GM, Ford, and Chrysler vehicles with valid pre-crash data Group N All Crashes 57,223 Rear-end Crashes 6,748 Rear-end, with pre-crash EDR 143
19 Pre-Crash Brake Application n = 143 Crashes 28% 72% No Brake Brake Injured (MAIS2+) 65% 35%
20 Average Brake Deceleration vs. Brake Initiation Time 1 n = 88 Mean: 0.4 g Brake Deceleration (g) Time of Brake Initiation (s)
21 Distribution of TTC at Brake Initiation % n = 84 Histogram Lognormal Fit Mean: 1.18 s TTC at Brake Initiation (s) Log-normal approximation (suggested in literature) is appropriate
22 Limitations Coarse sample rate of EDR pre-crash data GM 1 Hz most common in sample Part 563 specifies 2 Hz Some automakers up to 10 Hz Limited sample size
23 Outlook: EDRs for Active Safety System Evaluation EDR Pros: Low-cost Increasing availability in fleet Large sample of serious collisions EDR Cons: No video, difficult to determine distraction Low sample rate (Part Hz) EDR data - a promising evaluation tool
24 Acknowledgement This project is sponsored by Toyota s Collaborative Safety Research Center
25 Feasibility of Using Advanced EDRs for Assessing Active Safety Systems H. Clay Gabler Kristofer D. Kusano Virginia Tech 7 November 2013 Center for Injury Biomechanics COLLEGE of ENGINEERING C I B
26
27 Findings 143 EDRs from striking vehicle 28% had no braking V 12 L 0 TTC of 1.2 s for those that apply brake
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